1. The document discusses various rural and urban development programs in India that aim to alleviate poverty and promote livelihood opportunities. It provides details on 8 key rural development programs including Rural Self Employment Training Institutes, Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, and National Rural Drinking Water Programme. It also outlines 5 major urban development programs such as Smart Cities, Swachh Bharat Mission, and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
2.
INDIA has been a welfare state since independence and the primary objective of all
government endeavors has been the welfare of its people.
The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural
poverty which has been one of the primary objectives of planned development in india.
It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on
increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth or itself.
Rural development implies both the economic betterment of people as well as greater
social transformation.
In order to provide the rural people with better prospects for economic development,
increased participation of people in the rural development programmes,
decentralization of planning, better enforcement of land reforms and greater access to
credit are envisaged.
Initially, main thrust for development was laid on agriculture, industry,
communication, education, health and allied sectors but later on it was realized that
accelerated development can be provided only if governmental efforts were adequately
supplemented by direct and indirect involvement of people at the grassroot level.
3. Rural Self Employment Training Institute
Mahila Kishan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
National social assistance programme
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya- Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
National Rural Drinking Water Programme
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
4.
Objectives-
Rural BPL youth will be identified trained for self-employment.
The trainings offered will be demand driven.
Area in which training will be provided to the trainee will be decided after
assessment the candidates aptitude.
Hand holding support will be provided for assured credit linkage with banks.
Escort services will be provided for at least for two years soon to ensure
sustainability of micro enterprise trainees.
The trainess will be provided intensive short term residential self-employment
training programmes with free food and accommodation.
1. Rural Self Employment Training Institute
(Launched in 2008-09 in India)
5.
The government has decided to set up one rural self-employment training
institute in each district of the country.
Each RSETI should offer 30 to 40 skill development programmes in a financial
year in various avenues.
Current status- Currently 583 RSETI are functioning in the country.
Programme
categories
Agricultural
Programme
General
Programme
Other
Programme
Process
Programme
Product
Programme
6. Objectives-
To enhance the productive participation of women in agriculture.
To create sustainable agricultural livelihood opportunities for women in agriculture.
To improve the skills and capabilities of women in agriculture to support farm and non-
farm-based activities.
To ensure food and nutrition security at the household and the community level.
To enable women to have better access to inputs and services of the government and other
agencies.
To enhance the managerial capacities of women in agriculture for better management of
bio-diversity.
2. Mahila Kishan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana
(Launched in 2010)
7.
The project aims at Improving the capacities of women in agriculture to access
the resources of other institutions and schemes within a coverage of framework.
Current status
Under this pariyojana 119 districts, 1,067 blocks and more than 20,362 villages
have been covered, with a total project outlay of Rs 822 Crore reaching out to
more than 33.35 lakh Mahila Kisans.
8.
Objective-
The primary objective of the yojana is to provide connectivity by way of an all-weather
road, to the reliable unconnected habitations as per core network with a population of 500
persons and above in plan areas.
The PMGSY will permit the Upgradation (to prescribed standards) of the existing roads in
those Districts where all the eligible Habitations of the designated population size have
been provided all-weather road connectivity.
With a view to ensure full farm-to-market connectivity, the programme also provides for the
upgradation of the exixting “Through Routes” and major rural links to prescribed standards,
though it is not central to the programme.
3. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(Launched in December, 2000)
9.
Current status
Under PMGSY-II, the projects for upgradation of 11,234 km roads
have been sanctioned against total target of 50,000km of such roads.
10. Objective-
To reach out to and provide social security to vulnerable sections of society,
particularly those living below the poverty line.
NSAP is a social assistance programme for poor BPL households for the
aged, widows, disable and also include provision for one time assistance in
the case of death of the primary bread winner in a BPL family.
NSAP scheme is 100% centrally sponsored scheme and administered by Ministry
of Rural Development but beneficiaries can be from both, rural and urban areas.
The scheme is implemented in the States/UTs through Panchayats and
Municipalities.
3. National social assistance programme
(The NSAP was launched on August 15, 1985)
12.
Objectives:
Make NIRDPR the nodal advisory institute for skilling and placement linked
programs for rural youth in the country by 2020.
Enhance the competencies of stakeholders and functionaries in the effective
implementation of placement linked skills programs for the benefit of the
rural youth in India.
Be a knowledge repository of skilling initiatives and programs in the
developing world.
To be the leader in impact evaluation research of skilling programs.
5. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya- Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
(This yojana was launched in 2014)
13.
Current status
As a result, the scheme will also benefit more than 55 million poor rural
youth who are ready-to-be skilled in india, by providing sustainable
employment.
14. Objectives:
To trigger processes which lead to holistic development of the identified Gram Panchayats.
To substantially improve the standard of living and quality of life of all sections of the
population through –
a.improved basic amenities
b. higher productivity
c. enhanced human development
d. better livelihood opportunities
e. reduced disparities
f. access to rights and entitlements
g. wider social mobilization
h. enriched social capital
6. Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
(Launched on 11th October, 2014)
15.
To generate models of local level development and effective local governance
which can motivate and inspire neighbouring Gram Panchayats to learn and adapt
To nurture the identified Adarsh Grams as schools of local development to train
other Gram Panchayats
16.
Current Status
Under this scheme, 661 Gram panchayats were identified by members
of parliament till February 2015, each state has identified a State
Nodal Officer to coordinate all the activities of the programme at the
state level.
17.
Objectives:
40 liters per capita per day (lpcd) of safe drinking water for human
beings.
30 lpcd additional for cattle in the Desert Development Programme
Areas.
One hand-pump or stand post for every 250 persons.
The water source should exist within the habitation / within 1.6 km in the
plains and within 100 mtrs. elevation in the hilly areas.
7. National Rural Drinking Water Programme
(Launched in April 2009)
19.
Current Status
Only 26.9 million out of 167.8 million households (16%) in rural India
have piped water, according to data provided by the ministry of
drinking water and sanitation to the Rajya Sabha on February 6, 2017.
Of 1.7 million rural habitations provided drinking water under the
National Rural Drinking Water Programme.
20. Objectives:
To eradicate the system of open defecation in India.
To convert the insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets.
To remove the system of manual scavenging.
To make people aware of healthy sanitation practices by bringing behavioral changes in
people.
To link people with the programmes of sanitation and public health in order to generate
public awareness.
To build up the urban local bodies strong in order to design, execute and operate all systems
related to cleanliness.
To completely start the scientific processing, disposals reuse and recycling the Municipal
Solid Waste.
8. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
(launched on 2 October 2014)
21.
Current status:
The construction of individual household latrines under
the government’s ambitious Swachh Bharat Abhiyan have
recorded a growth of nearly 70 per cent in 2015-16,
increasing to 97.73 lakh individual toilets. The numbers of
new toilets for schools and anganwadi have, however,
seen a sharp decline in 2015-16.
According to the latest Swachhta Status Report 2016 by
NSSO, 8,240 toilets were constructed in schools and 1,337
toilets in Anganwadi in 2015-16 as against 25,264 toilets in
schools and 8,377 toilets in Anganwadi in 2014-15.
22.
1. Smart Cities
2. Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban
3. National Heritage City Development and Augmentation
Yojana (HRIDAY)
4. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
5. National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM)
URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
24.
Features of smart cities:
Current status:
Till December 2016, a total of 60 cities have been selected in this Mission
covering a total of 9,152 Sq. Kms of urban area.
25. Objectives:
Elimination of open defecation
Eradication of Manual Scavenging
Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management
To effect behavioral change regarding healthy sanitation practices
Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health
Capacity Augmentation for ULB’s
To create an enabling environment for private sector participation in Capex
(capital expenditure) and Opex (operation and maintenance)
2. Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban
(Launched on 2nd October 2014)
26.
The Mission has the following components:
Household toilets, including conversion of insanitary latrines into pour-flush latrines;
Community toilets
Public toilets
Solid waste management
IEC & Public Awareness
Capacity building and Administrative & Office Expenses (A&OE)
Current status:
Till December 2016, a total of Rs 1,628 crore has been released by the Centre to states
under various components of the Mission; 31,179 wards have become Open
Defecation Free (ODF). This has been made possible through the construction of 29.18
lakh individual household toilets and 1.10 lakh seats of community and public toilets
seats.
27. Objective:
The scheme aims to preserve and revitalize soul of the heritage city to reflect
the city’s unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing,
accessible, informative & secured environment.
The Scheme supports development of core heritage infrastructure projects which
shall include revitalization of urban infrastructure for areas around heritage
assets identified /approved by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India and
State Governments.
3. National Heritage City Development and Augmentation
Yojana (HRIDAY)
(Launched on on 21st January, 2015)
28.
Current status:
With a duration of 27 months (completing in March 2017) and a total
outlay of INR 500 Crores, the Scheme is being implemented in 12
identified Cities namely, Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami,
Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni
and Warangal. The scheme is implemented in a mission mode.
29. Objective-
The main objective of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana is housing that is affordable for all
by the year 2022.
It also intends to make it accessible to demographics that are specific such as
economically challenged groups, women along people belonging to minorities such as
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The Government's other goal is directly in association with some of the most ignored
demographics which include widows, lower income group members, transgender and
henceforth provide them with sustainable and affordable housing scheme.
Registration is mandatory to avail the benefits of this scheme which includes the strict
beneficiary names to be mothers or wives.
4. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban (PMAY)
(This scheme was launched on 25 June,2015)
30. Main features-
The scheme is mainly targeted at the urban poor in India.
There will be no caste based discrimination while providing
loans under this scheme.
Facility will be available to scheduled castes and scheduled
tribes.
31. Objective:
The central objective of NULM is to reduce poverty among the
urban poor through the promotion of diversified and gainful
self-employment and wage employment opportunities, leading
to increased income on a sustainable basis.
5. National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM)
(Launched on 23rd September, 2013)
32.
NULM adopt a five-pronged strategy:
Enhancing and expanding existing livelihoods options of the urban
poor;
Building skills to enable access to growing market-based job
opportunities offered by emerging urban economies;
Training for and support to the establishment of microenterprises by
the urban poor – self and group;
Ensuring linkages to shelter, basic services and empowerment to
promote sustainable approaches to poverty alleviation;
Building capacity of the urban poor, their institutions and the
machinery involved in the implementation of livelihoods development
and poverty alleviation programmes
.
