3. Human Vs. Computer
S . No Human Computer
1.
Perform numeric computations Perform numeric computations at very faster
speed than humans
2. Creative Feeded
3. Remembers or write information
Stores huge amount of Information for long
term as compared to humans
4.
Gets tired and bored of repetitive
activity
Best in performing repetitive operations
5. Common sense based judgment Does not have any sense
6. Best in pattern matching than computers Slow in pattern matching and cognition
4. History of computer
Era Inventor Method /
Device
Structure Features
2400 BC Ancient Chinese Abacus String of beads Calculation
1617 John Napier Napier
Bones
Mechanical
Rods made of bones
Long computations
Fast
Accurate
1642 Blaise Pascal Pascaline Mechanical
Wheels & Gears
Addition
Subtraction
Carry feature
1694 Gottfried Leibnitz Stepped
Reckoner
Digital Machine based on
binary numbers
Multiplication
Division
1830 Charles
Babbage
Analytical
Engine
Programmable Computer Input section(Punched
cards)
Print Unit
Control unit( operating
computer)
Mill unit(Calculations)
Store( numbers
storage)
7. Continued…
Era Inventor Method / Device Structure Features
1886 William
Burroughs
Adding machine Mechanical in nature Commercial use
1890 Dr. Herman
Hollerith
Electro-Mechanical
Punched Card
Tabulator
Electro-Mechanical
Card-Programmed
1930 Bush Differential Analyzer Analog computer -
1944 H. Aiken Mark I Electro-Mechanical
Relays instead of
gears
Digital
1946 JW Mauchly & JP
Eckert
ENAIC Electronic
Vacuum tubes
For Military
Digital
Tremendous heat
Large amount of
electricity(150 KW)
weight>30 tons
Area :167 sq m
6 people for
programming
12. Generations of Computer
• Generation in computer science terminology is a step in
technology.
• It provides a framework for the growth of computer
industry.
• It is used to distinguish between various hardware and
software technologies.
• Till today there are five computer generations.
13. Generations of computer
Generation
(Period)
Hardware
Technologies
Software Technologies Characteristics Systems
1st
(1942-1955)
Vaccume tubes
Electro-magnetic
relay memory
Punched cards
Machine Language
Assembly language
Stored Program
concept
Scientific applications
Bulky in size
Expensive
Unreliable
Limited commercial
production and use
ENAIC
EDVAC
EDSAC
UNIVAC-I
IBM 701
2nd
(1955-1964)
Transistors
Magnetic core
memory
Magnetic tapes
Disks
Batch OS
High-Level languages
Scientific &
commercial
applications
Faster
Smaller
Easier to program
Difficult commercial
production
Expensive
Honeywell-
400
IBM 7030
CDC-1604
UNIVAC
Larc
3rd (1964-
1975)
ICs with SSI and
MSI
Larger capacity
magnetic disks
and magnetic
tapes
Mini computers
Timesharing OS
Multiprogramming
Smaller
Faster
Easier and cheaper
to produce
Easier to upgrade
than previous
generation
IBM 360/370
PDP-8
PDP-11
CDC-6600
14. Continued…
Generation
(Period)
Hardware Technologies Software Technologies Characteristics Systems
4th
(1975-1980)
ICs with VLSI
Larger capacity hard
disks
Magnetic tapes and
floppy disks
Personal Computers
Mainframe computers
Super computers
Computer Networks
GUI based OS for PCs
Multiprocessing
UNIX OS with C
Object Oriented
Languages
Network based
applications
Small
Affordable
Reliable
Easy to use
General purpose
Easy to upgrade
IBM PC
Apple-II
TRS-80
VAX-9000
5th
(1980-
present)
ICs with ULSI
Larger main memory
Hard disks with RAID
support
Optical Disks
Notebooks
Laptops
Powerful server
computers
Advanced super
computers
Internet
Multi-threading
Distributed OS
Multimedia applications
Internet applications
Portable
Powerful
Cheaper
Reliable
General purpose
Commercially
feasible
Easy to upgrade
Rapid software
development
IBM
Notebooks
Sun
systems
Dell and hp
Laptops
Android
Mobiles
Tablets