1. Sept. 21, 2014
LSC FERPA
Workshop
October 25, 2016
When in doubt, don’t give it out!

2. What is FERPA?
– Family Education Rights and Privacy Act
• The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20
U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99) is a Federal law that protects the
privacy of student education records. The law applies to all
schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the
U.S. Department of Education.
– FERPA is enforced by the Family Policy Compliance Office
under the Department of Education

3. FERPA Joke

4. FERPA Joke

5. Key Concepts
• Required annual notification
– Each Fall, Spring, and Summer semester, an email is sent to all
enrolled students mylonestar.edu student email account notifying
them of their rights under FERPA.
• Written permission required for disclosure of student
education records
• The exceptions to written consent of students
• Students’ rights
• The “musts” and “mays” in FERPA
• Parents
• Legitimate Educational Interest

6. Important Definitions
– Eligible Student
• A student attending the College at any age.
– Education Record
• Those records that contain information directly related to a student
and which are maintained by the College or by a party acting for
the College.
• The medium is irrelevant. A student’s education record may be:
– A document in the records and grades office
– A class list on your desk
– A electronic form on your computer screen
• NOT Education Records:
– Sole Possession Records (Private Notes), Campus Law Enforcement
Records, Employment Records (excluding student employment
records), Medical Records, Alumni Record

7. Important Definitions
• Not Education Record
– Sole Possession Records
• Made by one person as an individual observation or recollection,
are kept in the possession of the maker, and are only shared with
a temporary substitute.
• Narrowly defined.
• Not emails.
• Sharing them or placing in an area others could see them make
them education records subject to FERPA.
• Best advice:
– If you don’t want it reviewed, don’t write it down.

8. Story Time
• At an institution in the Midwest, the Title IX Coordinator (Coordinator) was
investigating a complaint filed by a student/complainant with the State’s
Department of Human Rights. The student/complainant alleged sexual
harassment by a faculty member. During the investigation, the Coordinator
interviewed all students who may have observed the harassment. Each
interview was done privately and individually. The students’ responses were
written down by the Coordinator. The Coordinator did not show the
responses to the students or anyone else. The interviews were maintained
by the Coordinator in a locked cabinet. No one else had access. The
Coordinator reviewed the notes only when responding to the Dept. of
Human Rights. Years later, the student/complainant learned of the notes
and demanded to see them under FERPA as education records. The
Coordinator claimed sole possession. The student/complainant filed a
complaint with the FPCO.
• Was the student/complainant properly denied access? Were the notes “sole
possession”?

9. Story Time
• Thoughts?
• NOT sole possession!
• The FPCO determined that since the notes had been
“…prepared with the assistance or participation of
others, such as the students interviewed…”, the notes
are education records and the student/complainant must
be provided access to these records under FERPA. The
notes were redacted to protect the privacy of the
students interviewed and were supplied to the
student/complainant.

10. Important Definitions
• Education Record cont’d
– If you have a record that is:
• Maintained by Lone Star College
• Personally identifiable to a student (directly related to a
student and from which a student can be identified)
• Not one of the excluded categories of records…
– …then, you have an education record and it is subject to
FERPA.

11. Important Definitions
– Directory Information (See Bookmark)
• Student’s name, classification, full or part-time enrollment,
program of study, dates of enrollment, degrees and certificates
received, and awards and honors received.
• Found in Board Policy Manual Section VI.H. Student Records.
– Parent
• A natural parent, a guardian, or an individual acting as a parent in
the absence of a parent or guardian.
– Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
• The student’s name;
• Name of the student’s parent or other family members;
• Address of the student or student’s family;
• A personal identifier, such as a social security number, student
number, or biometric record;

12. Important Definitions
• PII continued
– Other direct identifiers, such as the student’s date of birth,
place of birth, and mother’s maiden name;
– Other information that, alone or in combination, is linked or
linkable to a specific student that would allow a reasonable
person in the school community, who does not have personal
knowledge of the relevant circumstances, to identify the student
with reasonable certainty; or
– Information requested by a person who the educational agency
or institution reasonably believes knows the identity of the
student to whom the education record relates.
– 34 CFR § 99.3

13. Important Definitions
• School Official
– “School official" is not defined in the statute or regulations, the
FPCO generally interprets the term to include parties such as:
professors; instructors; administrators; health staff; counselors;
attorneys; clerical staff; trustees; members of committees and
disciplinary boards; and a contractor, volunteer or other party to
whom the school has outsourced institutional services or
functions.
• Legitimate Educational Interest
– Also not defined by FERPA—left up to the schools to define.
– A school official typically has a legitimate educational interest if
the official needs to review an education record in order to fulfill
his or her professional responsibilities for Lone Star College.

14. Another Story
• Dear Assistant Registrar,
• I am writing concerning the release of information about my educational record to my ex-husband,
Joe, the Director of XXXX at your University. I refer to the unofficial grade transcript that I gave to
you during our meeting last week. I was separated from him in December 2007 and divorced in
October 2008. We are currently involved in a court decision concerning custody of our two
children. In his answers to interrogatories file with my attorney on February 11, 2009, my ex-
husband wrote that he would submit the educational record of me as evidence at the trial. My
attorney said that he didn’t know how my ex-husband would be able to supply the court with a
copy of my transcript since that information is protected. On March 3, his lawyer gave my lawyer
several documents he intended to use as exhibits in court, including my grade transcript. The
hearing date was March 4. At the hearing, his attorney did not submit my transcript itself, but he
submitted a sheet showing a set of bar graphs representing my academic progress at your
University as opposed to his progress at Yale. This sheet had been prepared by his new wife, a
statistics professor. In his testimony, my ex-husband also referenced to my grades since the
divorce, and to the fact that I had completed the required number of hours for an M.A., but had not
yet completed my thesis. My ex-husband has obtained my unofficial transcript to further his case
against me as a custodial parent. I am angry that he has gotten this personal information about
me, and has shared it with his lawyer, my lawyer, his wife, and perhaps other people as well. I am
proud of my academic record, but it is my record to disclose…

15. Another Story
• Thoughts?
• Obvious FERPA violation.
• Ex-husband was a school official but had NO legitimate educational
interest.
• Trivia question:
– Can the University be sued for releasing that information?
– Gonzaga University v. John Doe
– The Supreme Court, in a 7-2 decision, ruled that FERPA does not create a
personal or "private" cause of action by an individual against an institution.
– Doesn’t mean you shouldn’t worry about FERPA but at least you know Lone Star
College can’t be sued because of it. The FPCO through the DOE could pull our
federal funding, i.e. financial aid, costing millions of dollars though. So still pretty
serious.

16. Another FERPA Joke
• Knock knock
• Who’s there?
• FERPA
• FERPA who?
• Sorry I can’t tell you that…

17. When do FERPA rights begin?
• FERPA rights begin when the student is “in attendance”
or “enrolled” in Lone Star College.
• When are students in attendance/enrolled?
• Current Lone Star College Policy does not define this so
the default rule is:
– A student is considered in attendance/enrolled on the day
the student begins attending class.
– This means admitted students do not yet have FERPA rights
until day one of class.

18. FERPA Rights
• Eligible Student Rights
– Right to inspect and review education records within 45 days of
request.
– Right to seek to amend education records.
– Right to consent to the disclosure of information from education
records, except as provided by law.
• Everyone else
– None!
– In post secondary education the FERPA rights transfer to the
student completely.

19. FERPA Rights
• Limitations on Right to Inspect
– Parental financial information
– Confidential letters and recommendations to which the student
has waived his/her right of inspection
– Education records containing information about more than one
student
• LSC must permit access to that part of the record which pertains
only to the inquiring student

20. FERPA Rights
• Lone Star College MUST disclose
– Education records without written consent of students only to
students who request to see information from their own
records.
• Lone Star College MAY disclose
– With student’s written consent to third parties or
– Without student’s consent under limited circumstances.
– The decision authority of whether to disclose is discussed
later.
• Consent is provided by student via Authorization to
Release Education Records form found on OGC
website: http://www.lonestar.edu/11792.htm

21. When do FERPA rights end?
• End of semester?
• Upon graduation?
• After statutory record retention has ended?
• Death of student?
• 100 years?
• Correct answer:
– Death of student

22. Disclosure without Consent
• Lone Star College MAY disclose education records
without student consent to the following:
• School Officials with legitimate educational interest
• US Comptroller, Secretary of DOE, US Attorney General, Texas
Educational Authorities
• With notice to the student, officials of other institutions in which the
student seeks to enroll
• Persons or organizations providing financial aid to student
• Persons or organizations conducting studies to develop, validate,
and administer student aid programs, or to improve instruction
• Accrediting organizations
• Parents who can claim the student as a current tax dependent
• Persons named in a subpoena (discussed more later)
• A court if it involves litigation between the student and LSC

23. Disclosure without Consent,
cont’d
• Lone Star College MAY disclose education records
without student consent to the following:
• Persons in an emergency if there is an articulable threat to the
student or other persons
• An alleged victim of any crime of violence of the results of any LSC
disciplinary proceeding against the alleged perpetrator of that crime
with respect to that crime
• The public regarding the “final results” of an LSC disciplinary
proceeding so long as the student has been determined to be the
alleged perpetrator of a crime of violence or non-forcible sex offense
• Parents of a student who illegally possesses alcohol or a controlled
substance
• Parents of a student who is involved in a health or safety
emergency

24. Records of Disclosures
• LSC is required to maintain records of requests and
disclosures of education records.
– These records will include the names and addresses of the
requestor and his/her indicated interest in the records.
• Don’t have to keep the record for:
– Requests from students for their own use
– Disclosures in response to written requests from students
– Requests made by school officials
– Those specified as directory information
• So keep a record for any release of non-directory
information made to a third party who is not a school
official.

25. TPIA
• Texas Public Information Act
– The Office of Public Records coordinates the release of public
information and ensures compliance by Lone Star College with
the Texas Public Information Act (TPIA) and the Family
Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Under the
direction of the Office of the General Counsel, Public Records is
responsible for responding to all requests for public information
and for providing information to College staff to ensure the
proper management of each request received by the College.
– Public information email:
• PublicRecords@LoneStar.edu

26. FERPA Advisories from OGC
• May 26, 2016
• Detailed exceptions to consent requirement to share education
records.
– The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
affords postsecondary students, of any age, the right to access
their educational records, have the records amended, and the
right to some control over disclosure. The College can however
disclose a student’s education records to the student’s parent,
without the student’s consent, in the following circumstances:
• 1. Student is Either Parent’s Tax Dependent.
• 2. Health and Safety Emergency
• 3. Student Illegally Possesses Alcohol or a Controlled Substance.

27. FERPA Advisories from OGC
• June 20, 2016
– Authorization to Release Education Records Form Revision
– The Code of Federal Regulation Title 34 Section 99.5 (a)(1)
states, “When a student becomes an eligible student, the rights
accorded to, and consent required of, parents under this part
transfer from the parents to the student.”
– For this reason, the OGC has revised the standard LSC
Authorization to Release Education Records form to no longer
require a parental signature. Furthermore, the student’s
signature will no longer need to be notarized, as this is also not
required by law. The updated form may be found on the Office
of the General Counsel’s website at:
http://www.lonestar.edu/11792.htm

28. FERPA Advisories from OGC
• July 11, 2016
• Disclosures to Parents under FERPA
• Filing a FERPA designation allows the College to disclose
otherwise private records to the person identified in the FERPA
designation, but it does not require it. The only disclosure
requirement in FERPA is to the student. Even with the student’s
consent, the College is not required to disclose the records to
anyone else (including parents). The decision regarding whether
or not to engage in this sort of dialogue with the parents is up to
the College under FERPA. Our current Policy Manual is silent on
the matter.
• The Chancellor would like all non-directory information to be
released at the Vice President / Associate Vice Chancellor level or
higher to ensure consistency across the College.*

29. FERPA Advisories from OGC
• August 29, 2016
• Disclosures to Parents under FERPA, amended

30. Common Concerns
• Parents
– Current directive from the Chancellor is to have parents referred
to the FERPA designee on each college.
– Practical effect:
• You will not share education records with anyone but the student.
• You can still meet with parents and discuss your policies generally
(if you choose)

31. Common Concerns
• Email
– Do not email grades or other education records to students.
– BUT if you must, only send it to the Lone Star email account and
NEVER to a personal email.
– OGC strongly recommends not emailing students education
records.

32. Common Concerns
• Phone calls
– You should NEVER discuss education records with a student
over the phone.
– You have no way to verify who is on the other end of the line.
– Students may provide you with whatever information they’d like
over the phone but you should not affirm or give out any
information to the student in return.

33. Common Concerns
• Posting Grades
– The public posting of grades, by the student’s name, LSC ID
number, or SSN without the student’s written permission to do so
is a violation of FERPA.
– Nothing in FERPA precludes an instructor from assigning
individual numbers to students for the purpose of posting grades
as long as those numbers are known only to the student and
instructor who assigned them.
– Do not post alphabetically.

34. Common Concerns
• Subpoenas
– If you receive a subpoena for any records, employee or student,
submit it to OGC for review immediately.
– You will submit it through ServiceNow.
– For students, a FERPA Notice is required to be sent out to
students informing them of the subpoena unless it is a Grand
Jury subpoena or from a law enforcement agency that specifies
not to notify the student.

35. FERPA Information Sources
• Family Policy Compliance Office
– 202-260-3887
– ferpa@ed.gov
– www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco
• Office of the General Counsel
– http://www.lonestar.edu/general-counsel.htm
– Call or email us anytime, we’re here to help!

36. FERPA
• Remember: When in doubt, don’t give it out!
• General Questions?
– If you have a fact specific scenario please email me at
seth.b.larsen@lonestar.edu
Thank you