power point presentation of my report

1. Defining
Validity
Ensuring
Validity
Reliability in
Quantitative
Research
Reliability in
Qualitative
Research
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
By: Sheena Gyne O. Jayma

2. Validity
Validity is described as the
degree to which a research study
measures what it intends to
measure.

3. Refers to the
validity of the
measurement and
test itself.
Refers to the
ability to
generalize the
findings to the
target population.
Internal Validity External Validity

4. Content Validity Construct Validity
Is the estimate of how
much a measure
represents every
single element of a
construct. Content
validity is often seen
as a prerequisite to
criterion validity,
because it is a good
indicator of whether
the desired trait is
measured.
- Is used to ensure that
the measure is
actually measure what
it is intended to
measure and not
other variables.
- Refers to whether you
can draw inferences
about test scores
related to the concept
being studied.

5. Criterion-related Validity
This category is used
to predict future or
current
performance.

6. TRIANGULATION

7. Data Triangulation
Using evidence
from different types
of data sources, such
as primary and
secondary research
or interviews,
documents,
public records,
photographs and
observations.
Data
Theor
etical
Investi
gator
Methodo
logical

8. Theoretical Triangulation
Is the use of
multiple theories or
hypotheses when
examining a
situation or
phenomenon.
Data
Theor
etical
Investi
gator
Methodo
logical

9. Investigator Triangulation
Is the use of
more than one
investigator,
interviewer,
observer,
researcher
or data analyst in
a study. Data
Theor
etical
Invest
igator
Methodo
logical

10. Methodological Triangulation
Is the use of
multiple methods to
study a situation or
phenomenon. The
intention is to
decrease the
deficiencies and
biases that come
from any single
method.
Data
Theor
etical
Investi
gator
Metho
dologi
cal

11. Ensuring Validity

12. Design stage
• ensuring that there are adequate
resources for the required research to
be undertaken
• selecting an appropriate methodology
for answering the research questions
• selecting appropriate instrumentation for
gathering the type of data required

13. Stage of Data Gathering
• minimizing reactivity effects
• taking steps to avoid non-return of
questionnaires
• building on the motivations of the respondents
• tailoring the instruments to the concentration
span of the respondents and addressing other
situational factors (e.g. health, environment,
noise, distraction, threat)

14. Stage of Data Analysis
• using appropriate statistical treatments
for the level of data
• avoiding selective use of data

15. Reliability in Quantitative Research
Reliability is the consistency of
measurement, or the degree to which an
instrument measures the same way each
time it is used under the same condition
with the same subjects.

16. Test/Retest
Test/retest is the more conservative
method to estimate reliability.

17. Internal Consistency
Estimates reliability by grouping questions
in a questionnaire that measure the same
concept.

18. In qualitative research reliability
can be regarded as a fit between
what researchers record as data
and what actually occurs in the
natural setting that is being
researched, i.e. a degree of
accuracy and comprehensiveness
of coverage.
Reliability in Qualitative Research