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CLUSTER INNOVATION CENTER
UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
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 Mobile phones are the most important part of our lives today.
 Battery backup is the major concern of the mobile phone users as well as the
mobile phone brands.
 Sometimes, we are at place where it is very difficult for us to find a charging point
and we are running out of battery.
 Power socket are usually located at places where you cannot keep your phone
properly and there is a chance that your phone may fall down.
 Power backup is one of the most important need today.
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 Power Bank:- The existing solution to this problem is power bank or better known
as the power house. It is a portable device that can charge our mobile phones
using a USB charger. But there is a problem carrying it. Both your hands are
taken in handling the phone and power bank.
 Charging Phone Case:- More efficient way of making a power bank is fitting it in
the back cover of the mobile phone. It will be more portable, easy to carry and
more convenient to use.
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Power Bank Phone Case Cover

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5
Output power
(Discharging)
Li- Ion Battery
Input
power(Charging)
Motherboard

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 It is an electric device that is used to heat up water, tea, coffee or any other
beverage.
 It takes lesser time than traditional heating devices like gas burner.
 It has an element that heats up when electric current passes through it and
provides the required heat energy.
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 The first kettle to use electricity to heat water came from Carpenter Electric
Company in Chicago in 1891. However, the water took more than 10 minutes to
come to a boil because of a major design problem – the heating element was in a
separate compartment, rather than in the water as is the case in modern kettles.
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 A base : Which helps in transferring electric energy to the top part.
 Heating element : Helps in converting the electric energy to heat energy
 Indicator : Helps in indicating if the water has reached the boiling point or not.
 Thermostat : Helps in switching off the device when a certain
temperature is reached.
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 Electric kettle has a thick metal coil in the bottom of container that is called
heating element.
 When electricity is allowed to flow the resistance of the heating element turns the
electrical energy into heat energy.
 Now when the element is heated then water or any other substance inside it also
start getting heated
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𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇
𝑄
∆t
=
𝑚𝑐∆𝑡
∆t
[Dividing the equation by ∆T ]
𝑃 =
𝑚𝑐∆T
∆t
Also 𝑃 =
𝑉2
𝑅
𝑉2
𝑅
=
𝑚𝑐∆T
∆t
Where Q= Heat energy, m= mass, c=specific heat capacity, ∆T = Change in temperature, ∆t = Time
taken, P= Power used, V= voltage supplied and R= resistance of element.
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 1 liter water is heated from 0º C to 100º C in 5 minutes. Calculate the cost of using
the kettle for an hour if rate of electricity is Rs. 5 per unit.
 Solution
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇
𝑄 = 1 × 4182 × 100 or 𝑄 = 418200 𝐽
𝑃 =
𝑄
∆𝑡
𝑃 =
418200
5 ×60
𝑃 = 1394 𝑊 𝑜𝑟 𝑃 = 1.394 𝐾𝑊
𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝐸 = 1.394 𝐾𝑊ℎ
𝑆𝑜, 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐸 × 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 1.394 × 5 = 𝑅𝑠. 6.97
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 The original design on holding feels like dropping forward.
 So, the innovated design is made conical and the pores have been moved to top of
the beaker and the extra outcome from the side are also removed.
 Adding the switch and indicator in the base will reduce the complexity of kettle.
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 https://www.gadgetsnow.com/faqs/why-power-banks-are-
important/articleshow/77121269.cms accessed on 13th July 2022.
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Submitted by:
Rahul Kumar Mishra - 152138
Raj Vardhan Tomar -152142
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