Stand-alone power systems or remote area power supplies provide electricity from renewable energy sources like wind to locations without electricity distribution infrastructure. There are stand-alone wind energy systems that store excess power from the wind turbine batteries to provide reliable power when wind is low. These small-scale systems below 100 watts are suitable for remote area lighting, communications, and portable or emergency power applications. Simulations were conducted to test the control system's ability to maximize wind turbine output under varying wind speeds and load conditions and regulate voltage and frequency.

2. Objective of Stand-Alone Systems:
 A stand-alone power system (SAPS), also known as remote area
power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations
that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system
 There are several types of wind energy systems.There are stand-alone
systems which provide reliable power solely from the wind. A stand-
alone system may have a method for storing energy when wind
conditions are not good. Usually, batteries are used for storage.
 These are applicable for micro systems(100watts or less) and can be used
for remote area lighting, portable and emergency lighting etc.

3. Wind Energy Systems

4.  A wind energy system usually needs an
average annual wind speed of atleast
15km/hr.
 Wind speed is measured by an
instrument called an anemometer which
turns faster as the wind blows harder on
it. A data logger can be used to record
instantaneous observations of wind
speed, or to store a long term record for
later analysis.

5. Stand-Alone Wind Turbine
Configuration

6. Control Structure for Boost
Converter

7. MPPT CONTROL BLOCK

8. STORAGE SYSTEM
CONFIGURATION

9.  A simple control strategy for generator side
converter to extract maximum power is
implemented using simulation software.
 The controller is capable of maximizing output
of variable speed wind turbine under
fluctuating wind.
 Controller can regulate the load voltage and
frequency at constant or under varying load
conditions.
 Regulation of output is done without battery
overcharging.So power can be effectively
used.This contributes battery life extension and
reliability.

10. APPLICATIONS
These are useful for
 Portable system for lighting and communication
systems.
 Remote area lighting.
 Educational programs and displays.
 Electric fences.

11. SIMULATION DIAGRAM FOR CONTROL STRUCTURE FOR SINGLE-PHASE STAND-ALONE
WIND-BASED ENERGY SOURCES :

12. SIMULATION RESULT WERE CARRIED BY:
 1. variation of the wind speed, while the load is
constant(two case studies).
Case 1) Decreasing variation of the wind speed, while
the load is constant (P = 1 kW).
Case 2) Random wind speed variation with variable
load.
 2. load switching, with a fixed wind speed (two
case studies).
Case 1) 2-kW load switching at 9 m/s
Case 2) 1-kW load switching at 0 m/s.

13. CASE 1A) DECREASING VARIATION OF THE WIND SPEED, WHILE THE LOAD IS
CONSTANT (P = 1 KW):

14. CASE 2A) RANDOM WIND SPEED VARIATION WITH VARIABLE LOAD:

15. CASE 1) 2-KW LOAD SWITCHING AT 9 M/S:
TIME(S)

16. CASE 2B) 1-KW LOAD SWITCHING AT 0 M/S:

17. Thank you ..!!