2. CONTENTS
1. REASON TO MAKE THIS PPT
2. HISTORY OF IOT
3. APPLICATION AND BENEFITS
4. PREDICTIONS AND PROJECTIONS
5. IOT,BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
6. CHALLENGES
7. SOLUTIONS
8. IOT AND JOBS
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCES

3. REASONS TO MAKE THIS PPT
• PM’S SMART CITY INITIATIVE
• PM’S ASSERTION ON AI DRIVE
• TO HIGHLIGHT THE CHALLENGES
THAT DIGITAL INDIA HAVE TO
FACE IF PROPER MEASURES ARE
NOT TAKEN .

4. HISTORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS
• GLOBAL POSITIONING SATELLITES (GPS) BECAME A REALITY IN EARLY 1993
• INTERNET STARTED IN 1969.
• SATELLITES AND LANDLINES PROVIDE BASIC COMMUNICATIONS FOR MUCH OF THE IOT.
• THE INTERNET OF THINGS, AS A CONCEPT, WASN’T OFFICIALLY NAMED UNTIL 1999. ONE OF THE
FIRST EXAMPLES OF AN INTERNET OF THINGS IS FROM THE EARLY 1980S, AND WAS A COCA
COLA MACHINE, LOCATED AT THE CARNEGIE MELON UNIVERSITY. LOCAL PROGRAMMERS
WOULD CONNECT BY INTERNET TO THE REFRIGERATED APPLIANCE, AND CHECK TO SEE IF THERE
WAS A DRINK AVAILABLE, AND IF IT WAS COLD, BEFORE MAKING THE TRIP.

5. HISTORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS
• KEVIN ASHTON, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF AUTO-ID LABS AT MIT,
WAS THE FIRST TO DESCRIBE THE INTERNET OF THINGS (1999),
WHILE MAKING A PRESENTATION FOR PROCTER & GAMBLE.
• KEVIN ASHTON BELIEVED RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
(RFID) WAS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS.
HE CONCLUDED IF ALL DEVICES WERE “TAGGED,”
COMPUTERS COULD MANAGE, TRACK, AND INVENTORY THEM.

6. APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS
• WEB OF THINGS (WOT)- INTEGRATING SMART THINGS INTO WEB ARCHITECTURE.
• SMART HOME: THE MOST POPULAR IOT APPLICATION, MOST AFFORDABLE AND
READILY AVAILABLE TO CONSUMERS.
• WEARABLES:ENABLING TEXT MESSAGING, PHONE CALLS, AND MORE.
• SMART CITIES: WITH THE PROPER CONNECTIONS AND DATA, THE INTERNET OF
THINGS CAN SOLVE TRAFFIC CONGESTION ISSUES AND REDUCE NOISE, CRIME, AND
POLLUTION.
• ENTERPRISE ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS LIKE ERP AND CRM ARE ALSO TAKING
ADVANTAGE OF IOT TO RATIONALIZE THEIR BUSINESS PROCESSES.

7. APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS
• REAL-TIME DATA AIDS AND ANALYSIS
• IMPROVED CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE
• NEW JOBS IN FLEXIBLE ORGANIZATIONS
• REDUCED TIME TO MARKET
• INTELLIGENT MACHINES AUTOMATING TASKS
• THE ELIMINATION OF WASTE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN
oMANUFACTURING, HEALTHCARE, TRANSPORTATION,
ENERGY, RETAIL, AGRICULTURE, AND ELECTRONICS
ARE THE INDUSTRIES MOST LIKELY TO FIRST ADOPT IOT.

8. PREDICTIONS AND PROJECTIONS
• IDC EST0IMATES THE DIRECT INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
MARKET WILL GROW TO MORE THAN $1.7 TRILLION BY 2020
WITH A COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (CAGR) OF 16.9%
• IN 2017, THERE WERE AN ESTIMATED 8.4 BILLION INTERNET-
ENABLED THERMOSTATS, CAMERAS,
STREETLIGHTS AND OTHER ELECTRONICS.
BY 2020 THAT NUMBER COULD EXCEED 20 BILLION,
BY 2030 THERE COULD BE 500 BILLION OR MORE..

9. PREDICTIONS AND PROJECTIONS
• THE FIRST PROJECTION MADE BY BERG INSIGHT
STATED THAT THE TOP 10 MOBILE OPERATORS
GLOBALLY ACCOUNT FOR
76% OF THE CELLULAR IOT MARKET.
• ERICSSON PROJECTED THAT THE NUMBER OF
IOT DEVICES WITH CELLULAR CONNECTIONS IS
ANTICIPATED TO TOUCH
1.5 BILLION IN 2022

10. PREDICTIONS AND PROJECTIONS
• VIEW RESEARCH ESTIMATED THAT THE
VALUE OF THE CELLULAR IOT MARKET
WILL GO UP TO $9.65 BILLION BY
2025 FROM ALMOST $1.8 BILLION IN 2016.

11. PREDICTIONS AND PROJECTIONS
• ABI RESEARCH PROJECTS THAT REVENUES FROM
IOT IDENTITY AND MANAGEMENT ARE HEADING TO HIT THE
$21.5 BILLION BENCHMARK BY 2022 DRIVEN BY
IOT PLATFORM SERVICES TOGETHER WITH
SECURITY, CRYPTOGRAPHY, DIGITAL CERTIFICATE MANAGEMENT
AND DATA EXCHANGE SERVICES.

12. IOT , BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
• IOT IS ABOUT DATA, DEVICES, AND CONNECTIVITY. DATA – BIG AND SMALL – IS
FRONT AND CENTRE IN THE IOT WORLD OF CONNECTED DEVICES.
• THERE IS GOING TO BE A VAST AMOUNT OF DATA THAT IOT WILL GENERATE,
AND IN TODAY’S WORLD, WELL- ANALYSED DATA IS EXTREMELY VALUABLE.
• DATA OBTAINED FROM CONNECTED DEVICES IS “HIGH IN QUANTITY, QUALITY
AND SENSITIVITY”.

13. IOT , BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
• ACCORDING TO A STUDY BY GARTNER, THE
REVENUE THAT IS GENERATED FROM
IOT-ENABLED SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
WILL EXCEED $300 BILLION BY 2020.
THIS, HOWEVER, IS ONLY THE TIP OF THE
ICEBERG.

14. IOT , BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
• THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT IS BEING ABLE TO RECEIVE EVENTS FROM IOT-LINKED DEVICES.
VERY SOON, DEVICES CAN AND WILL BE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER VIA BLUETOOTH, WI-FI, OR
ANY OTHER TECHNOLOGY, AND WILL NEED TO SEND REQUIRED MESSAGES TO BROKERS USING A
WELL-DEFINED PROTOCOL. ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED PROTOCOLS IS THE MESSAGE
QUEUE TELEMETRY TRANSPORT OR THE MQTT, AND ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR BROKERS IS
THE MOSQUITO (AS AN ADDED BONUS, THE MOSQUITO IS OPEN-SOURCE).

15. IOT , BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
• ONCE DATA HAS BEEN RECEIVED, THE NEXT STEP IS TO FIND THE BEST TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
FOR STORING IOT DATA. A LOT OF COMPANIES USE HIVE AND HADOOP TO STORE DATA.
• APACHE COUCHDB ARE MORE SUITABLE FOR IOT DATA SINCE THEY OFFER LOW LATENCY AND
HIGH THROUGHPUT.
ONCE COMPANIES HAVE A SECURE AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM TO STORE IOT-RELATED DATA, THEY
NEED TO BE ABLE TO ANALYZE IT. EXTRACTING AND MANAGING VALUE FROM IOT IS A BIG
CHALLENGE THAT COMPANIES FACE.

16. IOT , BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING
• THIS IS WHERE MACHINE LEARNING PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN INTERNET OF THINGS.
• MACHINE LEARNING CAN HAVE A GREATER IMPACT ON PEOPLE’S LIVES WHEN APPLIED TO
THE INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) THAN IN CONSUMER APPLICATIONS.
• MACHINE LEARNING CAN ENABLE ORGANISATIONS TO IDENTIFY WHEN AN OBJECT
SHOULD BE REPLACED BEFORE IT FAILS, OR IN THE CASE OF HEALTHCARE, HELP CLINICIANS
MAKE SENSE OF MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF DATA IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS.
• 50 BILLION INDUSTRIAL IOT DEVICES GOING TO GENERATE UPTO 600 ZETTABYTES PER
YEAR.

17. CHALLENGES
• GROWING GRADUALLY,
THE IOT MEETS NEW CHALLENGES.
IDENTIFICATION, CONNECTION,
SECURITY, AND THE MANAGEMENT
OF SO MANY DEVICES ARE THE
OBSTACLES TO REMOVE FOR
IOT WIDESPREAD ADOPTION

18. CHALLENGES
• INSECURE “INTERNET OF THINGS” DEVICES HAVE ALREADY CONTRIBUTED TO MAJOR
CYBER-DISASTERS, SUCH AS THE :>OCTOBER 2016 CYBERATTACK ON INTERNET ROUTING
COMPANY DYN THAT TOOK DOWN MORE THAN 80 POPULAR WEBSITES AND STALLED
INTERNET TRAFFIC ACROSS THE U.S.
• THREE KEY CHALLENGES FOR FUTURE OF IOT:
PERVASIVE DATA COLLECTION.
POTENTIAL FOR UNEXPECTED USES OF CONSUMER DATA
HEIGHTENED SECURITY RISKS

19. CHALLENGES
• SECURITY CHALLENGES:
o THERE HAVE BEEN MULTIPLE PREDICTIONS OVER THE YEARS WHICH DECLARE THAT THERE WILL BE AT LEAST TENS OF
BILLIONS CONNECTED DEVICES BY 2020. BUT EACH DEVICE WHICH IS CONNECTED INCREASES PRIVACY AND SECURITY
CONCERNS SURROUNDING THE INTERNET OF THINGS.
o THESE CONCERNS RANGE FROM HACKERS STEALING OUR DATA
AND EVEN THREATENING OUR LIVES TO HOW
CORPORATIONS CAN EASILY UNCOVER PRIVATE DATA
WE CARELESSLY GIVE THEM.
• SINCE THEY’LL ALL BE ONLINE ALL THE TIME , THEY WILL BE
VULNERABLE TO A CYBER ATTACK AND COULD EVEN BE PART OF ONE.

20. CHALLENGES
• THE FUNDAMENTAL SECURITY WEAKNESS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS IS THAT
IT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF DEVICES BEHIND YOUR NETWORK’S FIREWALL.
• AS THE INTERNET OF THINGS BECOMES REALITY, WE HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT
PROTECTING MORE DEVICES. IOT DEVICE WHICH WAS SAFE WHEN YOU FIRST
BOUGHT IT CAN BECOME UNSAFE AS HACKERS DISCOVER NEW VULNERABILITIES.
• IOT HARDWARE IS AND WILL REMAIN A PROBLEM:
IOT CHIPSWON’T BE BIG MONEY-MAKERS SINCETHEY ARETINY AND USUALLY BASED ON
OUTDATED ARCHITECTURES. SO MOST OFTHE IOT DISPOSABLE DEVICES SHIP WITH
OUTDATED SOCS.

21. CHALLENGES
POTENTIAL THREAT TO IOT FORECASTED BY GARTNER:
• SECURITY: INCREASED AUTOMATION AND DIGITIZATION CREATES NEW SECURITY CONCERNS.
• ENTERPRISE: SECURITY ISSUES COULD POSE SAFETY RISKS.
• CONSUMER PRIVACY: POTENTIAL OF PRIVACY BREACHES.
• DATA: LOTS OF DATA WILL BE GENERATED, BOTH FOR BIG DATA AND PERSONAL DATA.
• STORAGE MANAGEMENT: INDUSTRY NEEDS TO FIGURE OUT WHAT TO DO WITH THE
DATA IN A COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER.
• SERVER TECHNOLOGIES: MORE INVESTMENT IN SERVERS WILL BE NECESSARY.
• DATA CENTRE NETWORK: WAN LINKS ARE OPTIMISED FOR HUMAN INTERFACE APPLICATIONS, IOT IS EXPECTED TO DRAMATICALLY CHANGE PATTERNS
BY TRANSMITTING DATA AUTOMATICALLY.

22. SOLUTION
• SECURE IOT PRODUCTS
• INCORPORATING BLOCKCHAIN
• ADAPT PROVEN SECURITY METHODS

23. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
SELF PROTECTION OF IOT DEVICES:
• EMBED SECURITY ACROSS FOUR LAYERS: ENDPOINT, NETWORK, DATA AND APPLICATION, AND THREAT
MANAGEMENT.
• INCLUDE PROTECTION AT THE PHYSICAL AND MEDIA LAYER OF THE NETWORK.
• DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF REQUIRED SECURITY IN EDGE DEVICES AND ITS IMPACT OVER TIME.
• PROTECT THE NETWORK TO HELP OVERCOME CHALLENGES IN PROTECTING YOUR APPLICATIONS.
• INCORPORATE A CLOUD STRATEGY AND SECURITY POSTURE.
• MAINTAIN YOUR SECURITY INTEGRITY OVER THE ENTIRE PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE.
• APPLY THE RIGHT SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TO EACH POTENTIAL THREAT AND EVOLUTION OF THAT THREAT.

24. IOT AND JOBS
• IOT WILL DO EXACTLY WHAT TECHNOLOGY DOES EVERYWHERE
- IT SUPPLANTS LOW-SKILL JOBS WITH HIGH-SKILL JOBS.
• THE INTERNET OF THINGS WILL LEAD TO WIDESPREAD
REPLACEMENT OF SIMPLE AND REPETITIVE JOBS IN AREAS SUCH AS
MANUFACTURING, ADMINISTRATION, QUALITY CONTROL AND PLANNING.

25. IOT AND JOBS
• CHIEF INTERNET OF THINGS OFFICER (CIOTO)- RESPONSIBLE FOR DRIVING THE TECHNOLOGY
DECISIONS THAT IN TURN STEER THE DIRECTION OF THE BUSINESS.
• IOT BUSINESS DESIGNER- A CREATIVE THOUGHT LEADER WHO WILL SEARCH FOR BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITIES THAT CAN BE ADDRESSED THROUGH IOT, THEN ASSEMBLE A TECH SOLUTION TO
ADDRESS THE OPPORTUNITY.
• FULLER STACK DEVELOPER- DEVELOPER CAN WORK WITH INFRASTRUCTURE, DATABASES, BACK-
END CODE (RUBY, PYTHON, JAVA, ETC.), AND FRONT-END CODE (JAVASCRIPT, HTML, CSS, ETC.).
ALONG WITH EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (I.E. FIRMWARE), AND OFTEN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
• OTHER PROMINENT JOBS RELATED TO IOT INCLUDE - BIG DATA LEAD; DATA SCIENTIST ;DATA
ENGINEERS(SENSORS AND IOT) ;DATA ENGINEER (SENSORS AND IOT APPLICATIONS)

26. CONCLUSION
• INTERNET OF THINGS IS A FULL PACKAGE OF PROS AND CONS. IT’S A NEW REVOLUTIONARY
CONCEPT WHICH IS GOING TO TOUCH EVERY ASPECT OF HUMAN LIFE. IN FACT THE
FUNDAMENTAL PART OF LIFE LIKE AGRICULTURE , HEALTHCARE ARE GOING TO BE TOP
CONSUMER OF INTERNET OF THINGS.
• IN A NUTSHELL IT IS GOING TO (IN FACT IT IS AROUND US MORE THAN WE KNOW OF)
CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE COMPLETELY.

27. REFERENCES
• VARIOUS INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES ON IOT.
• GOOGLE IMAGES FOR PICS.
• IEEE JOURNALS ON INTERNET OF THINGS
• WIKIPEDIA