2. • Community participation can be defined as
the involvement of people in a community in
projects to solve the problems. It is considered
as an indicators of community development.
Sometimes it is considered as principle,
practice or end.
3. • Community participation is a range of
processes through which local communities
are involved and play a role in issues which
affect them.
• Community participation is a planned process
whereby local groups are clarifying and
expressing their own needs and objectives
and taking collective action to meet them.
4. • Community can be considered a rich source of
knowledge about their community and of
energy and commitment to that community.
• Community participation means the
participation of community in community
development process.
5. • Community participation ensure community
empowerment and partnership. Without
participation the community development
program will not be successful. Involving local
people in planning project can increase their
commitment to the project.
6. Feature of community participation
1. who will participate
2. with whom people will participate
3. why will people participate
4. where will people participate
7. Types of community participation
1. Active participation
People participate by taking initiatives
independently by getting help from external
institutions to change systems.
8. 2. Passive participation
People participate by being told what is going to
happen or has already happened. It is called
indirect or inactive participation.
9. 3. participation in information giving
People participate by giving answers to
questions for fact finding purposes. People do
not get the opportunity to influence the
findings of research.
10. 4. Participation by consulting
People participate by being consulted and
external agents listen to views. External agents
define problems and solutions and may modify
these in light of peoples responses.
11. 5. Participation for material incentives
People participate by providing resources for
example labor in return for food , cash or other
material incentives.
12. 6. Functional participation
People participate by forming groups to meet
pre determined objectives related to the project
which can involve the development of
promotion of externally initiated social
organization.
13. 7. Interactive participation
People participate in joint analysis which leads
to action plans and the formation of new local
groups or the strengthening of existing ones.
These groups take control over local decisions.
14. Ladders or conditions of community
participation
• There are some important issues that should
be taken into consideration while thinking
about effective community participation.
• 1. Level of participation
A. Information – telling people what is planned.
15. B. consultation- offering some options, listening
to feedback, but not allowing new ideas
C. deciding together- encouraging additional
options and ideas and providing opportunities
for joint decision making
D. acting together- forming a partnership to
carry it out.
16. E. supporting independent community interests
Local groups or organizations are offered funds
advice or other support to develop their own
agendas within guidelines.
17. 2. Initiation and Process
Participation does not just happen it is initiated.
Many problems in participation processes
develop because of inadequate preparation
within the promotion organization.
18. 3. Control
The initiator is in a strong position to decide
how much or how little control to allow to
others. This decision is equivalent to taking a
stand on the ladder.
19. 4. Power and purpose
Understanding participation involves
understanding power. Those person who have
money, information, knowledge, skills they are
the powerful person in society. Many
organizations are unwilling to allow people to
participate because they fear loss of control.
20. 5. Role of the practitioner
Since the practitioner control much of what
happens it is important they constantly think
about the part they are playing.
21. 6. Stakeholders and community
The term community often includes a complex
range of interests , many of whom will have
different priorities. Some may wish to be closely
involved in an initiative other less so. It is more
useful to think about stakeholders.
22. 7. Partnership
It is useful when a number of different interests
willingly come together formally or informally to
achieve some common purpose. The partners
should trust each other and share some
commitment which takes time.
23. 8. Commitment
People are committed when they want to
achieve something indifferent when they do not
want. If people are apathetic about proposals it
may simply be that they don’t share the interest
or concerns of those putting forward the plan.
24. 9. Ownership of ideas
People are mostly to be committed to carry
something through if they have a stake in the
idea.
25. 10. Confidence and capacity
• Ideas and wish lists are little useful if they cannot
be put into practice. The ability to do that
depends on peoples confidence and skills.
• It is unrealistic to expect individuals suddenly to
develop the capability to make complex
decisions. They need training or better
opportunity to learn formally or informally to
develop confidence and trust in each other.
