hi iot module 1

1. Internet of Things and Applications
Semester : VI
Course Code : UECTCC6002
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) : 3:1:0
Credits : 03
Internal Assessment : 30
End Sem. Exam : 45
Exam Duration (Hours) :
2.5
UNIT-I
Introduction to Internet of Things: Definition IoT, History of IoT, Basic Architecture and working of IoT. Chellanges,
Applications, Current Status and Future Prospect of IoT. Sensing, Actuation, Basics of Networking, Communication protocols,
Sensor networks, Machine-tomachine (M2M) Communications.
RBT Levels: L1, L2, L3.
UNIT-II
Introduction to Arduino Programming: Integration of Sensors and Actuators with Arduino. Introduction to Raspberry Pi:
Implementation of IoT with Raspberry Pi. Introduction to SDN: SDN for IoT, Data Handling and Analytics, Cloud Computing,
Sensor-Cloud, Fog Computing, Smart Cities and Smart Homes, Connected Vehicles, Smart Grid, Industrial IoT, Case Study:
Agriculture, Healthcare, Activity Monitoring.
RBT Levels: L1, L2, L3,L4.
UNIT-III
IoT System Design: Power supply, Processor, Memory Sensor Interface, Wireless Interface- LAN, BLE, Wi-Fi, RFID, LP WA-
LORA, LTE-M, Sigfox, NB-IoT, Power Supply DesignLDOs, Swithing regulators-BuckBoost. Energy Measurments, Energy
Harvesting and Battery Life Calculation-PV, RF, Kinetic Energy, TEGs aeroelastic. Flutter, Harvesting Iss in silicon
RBT Levels: L1, L2, L3,L4.
UNIT-IV
Protocols- IoT MAC, REST Based COAP, Publish subscribe- MQTT, AMQP, MDNS, Building of IoT System- Case Studies-Joule,
Jotter, chhaya.

2. Introduction to IoT
Internet technology connecting devices,
machines and tools to the internet by
means of wireless technologies.
Over 9 billion ‘Things’ connected to the
Internet, as of now.
‘Things’ connected to the Internet are
projected to cross 20 billion in the
near future.
Unification of technologies such as low-
power embedded systems, cloud
computing, big-data, machine learning, and
networking

3. Origin of Terminology
• In the 2000s, we are heading into a new era of
ubiquity, where the “users” of the Internet
will be counted in billions and where
humans may become the minority as
generators and receivers of traffic. Instead,
most of the traffic will flow between devices
and all kinds of “things”, thereby creating a
much wider and more complex Internet of
Things.

4. Conti…
 The title of the report was “Internet of Things”
 Discussed the possibility of internet connected M2M connectivity
• networks, extending to common household devices.
 Some areas identified as IoT enablers:




RFID,
Nanotechnology
, Sensors,
Smart Networks.

5. Alternate Definition
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects that contain embedded
technology to communicate and sense or
interact with their internal states or the
external environment.

6. Characteristics
Efficient, scalable and associated architecture
Unambiguous naming and addressing
Abundance of sleeping nodes, mobile and
non-IP devices
Intermittent connectivity

7. Conti…
 Business/Manufacturing

•
Real-time analytics of supply chains and equipment, robotic
machinery.
 Healthcare

•
Portable health monitoring, electronic recordkeeping, pharmaceutical
safeguards.
 Retai
l
•
Inventory tracking, smartphone purchasing, anonymous analytics of
consumer choices.
 Security
 Biometric and facial recognition locks, remote sensors.

8. Conti…
 AT
M

•
These ubiquitous money dispensers went online for the first time way
back in 1974.
 WEB

•
World Wide Web made its debut in 1991 to revolutionize computing and
communications.
 SMART METERS

•
The first power meters to communicate remotely with the grid were
installed in the early 2000s.
 DIGITAL LOCKS
 Smartphones can be used to lock and unlock doors remotely, and business
owners can change key codes rapidly to grant or restrict access to
employees and guests.

9. Conti..
 SMART HEALTHCARE
 Devices connect to hospitals, doctors and relatives to alert them of
medical emergencies and take preventive measures.
 SMART VEHICLES
 Vehicles self-diagnose themselves and alert owners about system
failures.
 SMART CITIES
 City-wide infrastructure communicating amongst themselves for unified
and synchronized operations and information dissemination.
 SMART DUST
 Computers smaller than a grain of sand can be sprayed or injected almost
anywhere to measure chemicals in the soil or to diagnose problems in the
human body.

10. Modern Day IoT Applications
 Smart Parking
 Structural health
 Noise Urban Maps
 Smartphone Detection
 Traffic Congestion
 Smart Lighting
 Waste Management
 Smart Roads
 River Floods
 Smart Grid
 Tank level
 Photovoltaic Installations
 Water Flow
 Silos Stock Calculation
 Perimeter Access Control
 Liquid Presence

11. Modern Day IoT Applications
 Forest Fire Detection
 Air Pollution
 Snow Level Monitoring
 Landslide and Avalanche Prevention
 Earthquake Early Detection
 Water Leakages
 Radiation Levels
 Explosive and Hazardous Gases
 Supply Chain Control
 NFC Payment
 Intelligent Shopping Applications
 Smart Product Management

12. Expected!!

13. Baseline Technologies
 A number of technologies that are very closely related to IoT
include



Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications,
Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS)
Web-of-Things (WoT).

14.  So, many different applications, so many different devices and
these devices are going to be made smart in these applications.
So, that is the reason why we are going to have an explosion or
in the number of these internetwork things, number of devices
connected to the internet of things.

24. Sensing
 one of the very essential components of internet of things is
sensors and the other one is actuators
 whereas, the sensors basically sense the physical phenomena
that are occurring around them.
 the actuators basically based on the sensed information.
The actuators, they actuate. That means, they perform some
actions on the physical environment. So, they take some
actions based on what has been sensed.

25.  basically a sensor it detects or senses the changes in the
ambient conditions or it can also sense the state of another
device.
 So, maybe one sensor can check, can sense how and what is
the state of another device.
 So, let me now show you some sensors, some real sensors
that we have.
 So, here are few real sensors and this is a sensor that is used
for obstacle detection.
 This is a PIR sensor passive infrared sensors. So, this passive
infrared sensor here can be used for detecting if there is any
obstacle. So, this is an example of a PIR or obstacle based
sensor.

26.  Then, we have another sensor this is the ultrasonic sensor. This
basically detects that how far that obstacle is.
 This is another sensor. So, here as you can see that there are like
two eyes kind of things. So, what happens is these ultrasonic
sensors may send ultrasound waves.
 So, these ultrasound waves are sent and then, that sound wave is
going to get reflected back.
 We already know what velocity is and then, depending on how
much time has elapsed from the point sound wave was sensed
and the deflection is received back,
 based on that the distance is calculated. So, this sensor helps in
basically getting an idea or sensing how far an obstacle is from a
particular point where the sensor is.

27.  Then, we have another sensor which is the camera sensor. This is
as you can see over here is small IoT camera.
 Since the camera sensor, then we have this one here which is a
smoke detection sensor.
 So, this sensor can help in detecting the smoke.

28.  Finally, I would like to show you another sensor which is the
temperature and humidity
 sensor. This is actually, this measures both of these together
this particular sensor.

46. Basics of IoT Networking
Convergence of Domains

47. IoT Components

49. Functional Components of IoT
 Component for interaction and communication with
other IoT devices
 Component for processing and analysis of
operations
 Component for Internet interaction
 Component for handling Web services of
applications
 Component to integrate application services
 User interface to access IoT

51. IoT Interdependencies

52. IoT Service Oriented Architecture

53. IoT Categories
Industrial IoT
IoT device connects to an IP network and the
global Internet.
Communication between the nodes done using
regular as well as industry specific technologies.
Consumer IoT
 IoT device communicates within the locally networked
devices.
 Local communication is done mainly via Bluetooth,
Zigbee or WiFi.
 Generally limited to local communication by a
Gateway.

54. IoT Gateways

55. IoT and Associated Technologies

56. Technical Deviations from Regular Web

57. IoT Challenges
Security
Scalability
Energy efficiency
Bandwidth management
Modeling and Analysis
Interfacing
Interoperability
Data storage
Data Analytics
Complexity management (e.g., SDN)

58. Considerations
 Communication between the IoT devices(s) and the
outside world dictates the network architecture.
 Choice of communication technology dictates the IoT
devices hardware requirements and costs.
 Due to the presence of numerous applications of IoT
enabled devices, a single networking paradigm not
sufficient to address all the needs of the consumer or
the IoT device.

59. Complexity of Networks
 Growth of networks
 Interference among devices
 Network management
 Heterogeneity in networks
 Protocol standardization within networks

60. Wireless Networks
 Traffic and load management
 Variations in wireless networks - Wireless Body Area
 Networks and other Personal Area Networks
 Interoperability
 Network management
 Overlay networks

61. Scalability
 Flexibility within Internet
 IoT integration
 Large deployment
 Real-time connectivity of billions of devices