Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, as well as recognize and influence the emotions of those around you. The term was first coined in 1990 by researchers John Mayer and Peter Salovey, but was later popularized by psychologist Daniel Goleman

1. Sidra akhtar
Positive Psychology

2. Topic:
“Emotional Intelligence"

3. History
 Daniel Goleman popularized the concept of emotional
intelligence in the 1990s in his book Emotional
Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ.
 Bar – on, (1997,2000) defies emotional intelligence as
an array of non-cognitive capabilities, competencies,
and skills that help us deal with the demands of the
environment.
 In 1960 ,Mowrer suggested that emotion was ,in fact,
“a high order of intelligence”
1990 – Psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer
shared Mowrer’s sentiments and theorized that
adapting to life circumstances required cognitive
abilities and emotional skills that guide our behaviour .
They publish their landmark article, "Emotional
Intelligence," in the journal Imagination, Cognition,
and Personality.

4. What is Emotional Intelligence?
 Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to
perceive, control and evaluate emotions. Some
researchers suggest that emotional intelligence
can be learned and strengthened, while others
claim it is an inborn characteristic.
 Since 1990, Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer
have been the leading researchers on emotional
intelligence. In their influential article "Emotional
Intelligence," they defined emotional intelligence
as, "the subset of social intelligence that involves
the ability to monitor one's own and others'
feelings and emotions, to discriminate among
them and to use this information to guide one's
thinking and actions" (1990).

5. Salovey and Mayer’s four-branch
Ability Model of social Intelligence
Salovey and Mayer proposed a model that identified four
different factors of emotional intelligence.
1. Perceiving Emotions:
The first step in understanding emotions is the
 Ability to identify emotion in a person’s physical and
psychological states.
 Ability to identify emotions in other people.
 Ability to express emotions accurately and to express needs
related to them.
 Ability to discriminate between authentic and inauthentic
emotions.
In many cases, this might involve understanding nonverbal
signals such as body language and facial expressions for
example ,when chatting with a friend about an emotionally
charged political topic, a person skilled in perceiving emotions

6. 2.Using Emotions to facilitate thought:
The next step involves using emotions to promote
thinking and cognitive activity. Emotions help
prioritize what we pay attention and react to; we
respond emotionally to things that garner our
attention.
 Ability to redirect and prioritize thinking on the basis
of associated feelings.
 Ability to generate emotions to facilitate judgment
and memory.
 Ability to capitalize on mood changes to appreciate
multiple points of view.
 Ability to use emotional states to facilitate problem
solving and creativity.

7. 3.Understanding Emotions:
 Ability to understand relationships among various
emotions.
 Ability to perceive the causes and consequences of
emotions.
 Ability t o understand complex feelings, emotional
blends and contradictory states.
 Ability to understand transitions among emotions.
The emotions that we perceive can carry a wide
variety of meanings. If someone is expressing
angry emotions, the observer must interpret the
cause of their anger and what it might mean. For
example, if your boss is acting angry, it might mean
that he is dissatisfied with your work; or it could be

8. 4. Managing Emotions:
 Ability to be open to feelings , both pleasant and
unpleasant.
 Ability to monitor and reflect on emotions
 Ability to engage, prolong or detach from an
emotional state.
 Ability to manage emotions in oneself and others.
The ability to manage emotions effectively is a key part
of emotional intelligence. Regulating emotions,
responding appropriately and responding to the
emotions of others are all important aspect of
emotional management.

9. Researches
 Practice of the 16 skills associated with the 4 branches of
emotional intelligence is associated with positive
interpersonal functioning..For example Lopes ,Bracket,
Nezlek, Schutz ,Sellin and Salovey (2004) examined the
relationship between self reported emotional intelligence
and social behavior. These researches found those
college student’s abilities to manage emotions were
positively associated with the quality of social interaction.
 Like Wise ,lopes ,salovey and straus (2004) found that
individual with high-level skills in managing emotions
were more likely to report positive relationships with other
people, as well as perceived parental support , and less
likely to report negative interactions with close friends.

10.  Findings from studies highlight the added value of
emotional intelligence to understand the nature of
person to person interaction; that is ; emotional
intelligence tells us something about social
functioning that personality traits and analytical
intelligence do to explain.

11. “There is no separation of mind and
emotions; emotions, thinking, and
learning are all linked.” — Eric Jensen
Thank you