SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 38
Download to read offline
ก
    ก

ก           ก    : ก                       ก     ! "#
                   ก      !     $"#
- & '(& )   ' & , ) species     ก          0#   ) 12        3
        ( ) ก     ก & '(& ' & 4
- & '(& ' &      (ก , species         (ก   ก    ) ก     ก
    3 ก( & '(&    ' &
- ก     ) ก   5 ก   ก " 3     ' 0#
  6   & 0




- ก 5 ก       ก " 3 ก'      0 4      &#788
- 5 ก # ก9:     ก
                0
- 5 ก " # ก9:      0ก
2( )# 6             ก     ( Genetic variation )
1.2( )# 6         4 ( Continuous variation ) ก     H
   -"         ) ก2( ) ก " 3 '
   - 2( ) ก I ก               # ก9 #J K 5 4 ก
   - 0ก2(52 1 gene         20
   - & )( 3      & &     ก )        ก
   - 2( ก (I3          3 #&
   - ก M) 2( I ก                ) ก #J 0#123 #ก &
   - (      2( 0 HK ก &#788 2(                 : ก
     : 36 6 &
2. 2( )# 6 "      4 ( Discontinuous variation ) ก
       H
   - 2( ) ก '
   - 0ก2(52 1 gene 3 20
   - & )( 3 6 ก )           ก 3 ก
   - 2( ก (I3       3 2 P
   - ก M2( I ก          ) ก       " 3ก M 0#)
   - (       0 4   ก &H & 0 ก       &H
2K        2( 03
1. Gamete
2. Gene
3. Allele
            P P   homozygous for the dominant allele
            a a   homozygous for the recessive allele

            B b   heterozygous

                  recessive allele , dominant allele
4. Genotype
ก I TT , Tt , tt 4 T/T , T/t , t/t
     Genotype 2 )55 24
   - homozygous genotype ` homozygous dominant
                          - homozygous recessive
   - heterozygous genotype
5. Phenotype
6. Dominant
7. Recessive
ก                 ก     ก5 & )( 3
  & )( 3    & &       ก                 ก       ก ` 3 I!H
 ก5IH      K : 3 ก& ก             H $'
- 3 ก              ก      H     ก (I3 ก5#7
    ก    H 1ก " 35&             &     ก & )( 3     ก ' 2(
    0 &#788 # & ก :           3 HK I 12
- 3 ก              ก    H      #J ก           ก& ก#9&ก& &
  P : e 2( 6& #ก &P             : e & )( 3                & &
     3 ' ก 6&( 64 ก            5          0 4
# ( &) 6   I
Unit factor
           5( ก       $I (       0ก2(52 1      ก 2     (
          ' &I 3 (
1.       H # 0ก 6 ก g ก
2. ก ) ก ก              '
3. 12 3 ก" #h 1 ก : 3 ก 6 I3 3
           2( K g I
1. ก              !ก 0ก2(52 1 gene 1 20
2. ก               !ก ) ก ก         '
3. :'3 4' " 3 4. :'3 ` )      #J      ) 3 5. #J ก2 &
ก   I
( I
     ก                        -)           ก             I              ก    I                ก   H
                                               F1                           F2               : F2
2(       0 K 3        0            H           0               0 787                 H         2.84 : 1
0# I k7ก              (5       )M5             (5              (5 882            )M5           2.95 : 1
0# I              ก           II           ก                  ก 5474             II            2.96 : 1
   g
 I   g                    4    I(                  4           4                 I(            3.01 : 1
 K)           ก   ก ก&         ก                       ก ก&        ก ก&          ก             3.14 : 1

 I        ก           (        I(              (                    (             I(           3.15 : 1
 I k7ก            I(                   4   I(                      I(                    4     2.82 : 1
#ก            I
1.                          P = Parential generation
            ก       ,,     F1 = first filial generation
         %&         ,,     F2 = second generation
2.   *+,- .,/ 0/ 1ก234 &- 1 5ก 6 6 6 . ก factor
3.      ก F1 84 . 1ก234 .,9 &ก:6% ; ก1 %
4.      ก6ก+ 8&กก& =1 > - gene 8&ก                 &- 4/ ?,-
5.   6 . ก 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F1 & Dominant
     6 . ก 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F2 & Recissive
6.     1ก234 .,9 &ก:A        F1 : 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F2 = 3 : 1
กnI
1. Law of segregation
           P                TT x tt
                        T T      t    t
          gamete

            P               Tt x Tt
          gamete        T    t   T    t
2. Law of independent assortment
e 45      ) ก กก '( ก      3 e     45
( ก : " 3     &      H
       P     Tt x Tt
    gamete T t     T t


 F1         TT Tt Tt tt
Test ` cross
#J ก 6        4        5 genotype I & '(& ( #J
     ) 3 4          1 K "#6 ก5 Homozygous recessive
       H
         g ก - RR 4 Rr
          g ก     x rr             g ก     x rr
                g ก                  g ก : g II
  . . g ก = RR                              1: 1
                                       g ก = Rr
Back cross
#J ก 6          1 ก     K 0ก6   F1 ก 5"#6 ก5
     4 )
ก           ก           ก      ก       (
                ( Monohybrid cross )
ก& I&       1ก234 1 5ก      2 1ก234( Dihybrid cross )
- #J ก          ก                ก 1 &       ก
  I & '(& 2 ก            3 ก
-: ก &              ( genotype ,phenotype K " 3 2 (&
       H 1. Punnet Squares
: 3 R = gene 2(52 ก         g ก
    r = gene 2(52 ก          g II
   Y = gene 2(52 ก            g    4
   y = gene 2(52 ก              g I(
P I1, 6 O ก *.6% ; - x I1, 6 O > > 4*.6>.
           RRYY             rryy
gamete       Ry               ry
F1                  RrYy
F1xF1      RrYy       x     RrYy
Gamete R Y - RY                R Y - RY
           y - Ry                y - Ry
         r Y - rY              r Y - rY
           y - ry                y - ry
RY      Ry     rY     ry

RY   RRYY   RRYy   RrYY   RrYy

Ry   RRYy   RRyy   RrYy   Rryy

rY   RrYY   RrYy   rrYY   rrYy

ry   RrYy   Rryy   rrYy   rryy
Phenotype       Genotype          (         (
                            genotype   phenotype
                  RRYY        1 / 16
g ก -    4        RRYy        2 / 16     9 / 16
                  RrYY        2 / 16
                  RrYy        4 / 16
g ก -I(           RRyy        1/ 16      3 / 16
                   Rryy       2 / 16
g II -       4    rrYY        1 / 16     3 / 16
                   rrYy       2 / 16
g II -I(           rryy       1 / 16     1 / 16
# 1. genotype 9 ' &
  2.       ( genotype 1 : 2 : 2 : 4 : 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 1
  3. phenotype 4 ' &
  4.       ( phenotype 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
2. Branching system
    P I1, 6 O ก 6% ; - x I1, 6 O > > 4 - 6>.
                RRYY                     rryy
gamete            RY                       ry
F1                          RrYy
F1 x F1          RrYy                  RrYy
                 RrRr                  YyYy
gamete ¼ RR : 2/4 Rr : ¼ rr    ¼ YY : 2/4 Yy : ¼ yy
1ก234 ., 1    1ก234 ., 2   1= &*     genotype
              ¼ YY           1 / 16    RRYY
1 / 4 RR      2 / 4 Yy       2 / 16    RRYy
              1/4 yy         1 / 16    RRyy
              ¼ YY           2 / 16    RrYY
2 / 4 Rr      2 / 4 Yy       4 / 16    RrYy
              1/4 yy         2 / 16     Rryy
              ¼ YY           1 / 16    rrYY
1 / 4 rr      2 / 4 Yy       2 / 16     rrYy
              1/4 yy         1 / 16     rryy
ก      1              ก      2            (       Phenotype
3/ 4 ก               3/4 4          9 / 16    g   ก - 4
                    1/4 I (         3 / 16    g   ก -I(
1/4I I              3/4    4        3 / 16    g   II - 4
               1/4 I (              1 / 16    g   II -I(
  3. 1    ก     :'3 0
-K (     ' &     gamete      = 2n
-K (     ' &     genotype    = 3n
-K (     ' &     phenotype   = 2n
1. Aa BB Cc
2. Aa Bb Cc DD Ee FF
0#)55ก        ก          ก
      1.        ก )55 Complete Dominant
#J ก          ก 1 gene           I gene 3 " 3
   50 #J "# กn          H
           F1 #J ก
           F2 #J ก      : ก      3 =3:1
                                    =9:3:3:1
2.           ก    )55 Incomplete Dominant
2.1 ก            ก         ก5 g




F1 genotype = Aa ' 0
F2 genotype AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1
   phenotype ) : ' 0 : I ( = 1 : 2 : 1
2.2 ก   I I "ก   Andalusion blue
2.3 ก   ก   I I 12
2.4 ก   ก     ก &H ก
3. ก            ก    )55 Co ` dominant
: ก H gene H       2(52 ก              " I e! ก )
ก )          ) 2(           " 3 $ก ! # ก9
 ก         ก ( ก '          0 4 ABO
   allele ก (I3 IA , IB ) i
#ก & gr A genotype IA IA, IA i
      gr B    ,,   I B IB , IB i
      gr AB ,,     I A IB        gr ii genotype ii
4. ก         ก   )55 Over dominant
ก& ก allele : P heterozygous )         ก
Phenotype 4 ก( allele : P homozygous I
   `) ' P            TT 0 3 M tt 0 1 M
              F             Tt 0 6 M
Multiple allele
ก allele gene ก& ก( 2 )55I!H "# 2(52 ก
)       กI ก : ก                ! 1 gene ก (
   K)       05 chromosome #J homologous ก .
             1.    ก I         0 4 ABO
   0 4 ABO gene 2(52 3 allele 24 IA, IB ) ii
IA = allele 2(52 ก 3 antigen A
IB = allele 2(52 ก 3 antigen B
P1

More Related Content

Similar to P1

Game On: gamified CRM systems
Game On: gamified CRM systemsGame On: gamified CRM systems
Game On: gamified CRM systemsPete Baikins
 
23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา
23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา
23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเราพัน พัน
 
Technorati Blogging Stats Preview
Technorati Blogging Stats PreviewTechnorati Blogging Stats Preview
Technorati Blogging Stats PreviewEric Schwartzman
 
التأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبية
التأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبيةالتأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبية
التأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبيةDr Ghaiath Hussein
 
13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya
13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya
13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng ParokyaJessie Somosierra
 
6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules
6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules
6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of ModulesJessie Somosierra
 

Similar to P1 (7)

Game On: gamified CRM systems
Game On: gamified CRM systemsGame On: gamified CRM systems
Game On: gamified CRM systems
 
23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา
23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา
23ประชาคมอาเซียนมีผลอย่างไรต่อชีวิตของเรา
 
Technorati Blogging Stats Preview
Technorati Blogging Stats PreviewTechnorati Blogging Stats Preview
Technorati Blogging Stats Preview
 
التأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبية
التأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبيةالتأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبية
التأصيل الطبي للضرورة الطبية
 
Pdf mp3ei
Pdf mp3eiPdf mp3ei
Pdf mp3ei
 
13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya
13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya
13.4 Katesismo Pagsulong Ng Parokya
 
6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules
6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules
6 Katesismo 2nd Set Of Modules
 

Recently uploaded

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businesspanagenda
 
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...Miguel Araújo
 
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesrafiqahmad00786416
 
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationpresentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationjfdjdjcjdnsjd
 
Navi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
Navi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot ModelNavi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
Navi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot ModelDeepika Singh
 
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot TakeoffStrategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoffsammart93
 
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?Igalia
 
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024The Digital Insurer
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...apidays
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu SubbuApidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbuapidays
 
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native ApplicationsArchitecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native ApplicationsWSO2
 
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...Martijn de Jong
 
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdfGenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdflior mazor
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerThousandEyes
 
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWER
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWEREMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWER
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWERMadyBayot
 
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of TerraformAWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of TerraformAndrey Devyatkin
 
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptxCorporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptxRustici Software
 
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024The Digital Insurer
 
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ..."I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...Zilliz
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
 
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
 
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
 
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationpresentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
 
Navi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
Navi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot ModelNavi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
Navi Mumbai Call Girls 🥰 8617370543 Service Offer VIP Hot Model
 
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot TakeoffStrategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
 
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
 
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
 
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
AXA XL - Insurer Innovation Award Americas 2024
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Scalable LLM APIs for AI and Generative AI Applicati...
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu SubbuApidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
 
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native ApplicationsArchitecting Cloud Native Applications
Architecting Cloud Native Applications
 
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
 
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdfGenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
 
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWER
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWEREMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWER
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY GRADE 11 QUARTER 2 REVIEWER
 
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of TerraformAWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
 
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptxCorporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
 
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
Manulife - Insurer Transformation Award 2024
 
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ..."I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
 

P1

  • 1. ก ก ก : ก ก ! "# ก ! $"# - & '(& ) ' & , ) species ก 0# ) 12 3 ( ) ก ก & '(& ' & 4 - & '(& ' & (ก , species (ก ก ) ก ก 3 ก( & '(& ' &
  • 2.
  • 3. - ก ) ก 5 ก ก " 3 ' 0# 6 & 0 - ก 5 ก ก " 3 ก' 0 4 &#788 - 5 ก # ก9: ก 0 - 5 ก " # ก9: 0ก
  • 4. 2( )# 6 ก ( Genetic variation ) 1.2( )# 6 4 ( Continuous variation ) ก H -" ) ก2( ) ก " 3 ' - 2( ) ก I ก # ก9 #J K 5 4 ก - 0ก2(52 1 gene 20 - & )( 3 & & ก ) ก - 2( ก (I3 3 #& - ก M) 2( I ก ) ก #J 0#123 #ก & - ( 2( 0 HK ก &#788 2( : ก : 36 6 &
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. 2. 2( )# 6 " 4 ( Discontinuous variation ) ก H - 2( ) ก ' - 0ก2(52 1 gene 3 20 - & )( 3 6 ก ) ก 3 ก - 2( ก (I3 3 2 P - ก M2( I ก ) ก " 3ก M 0#) - ( 0 4 ก &H & 0 ก &H
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. 2K 2( 03 1. Gamete 2. Gene 3. Allele P P homozygous for the dominant allele a a homozygous for the recessive allele B b heterozygous recessive allele , dominant allele
  • 11. 4. Genotype ก I TT , Tt , tt 4 T/T , T/t , t/t Genotype 2 )55 24 - homozygous genotype ` homozygous dominant - homozygous recessive - heterozygous genotype 5. Phenotype 6. Dominant 7. Recessive
  • 12. ก ก5 & )( 3 & )( 3 & & ก ก ก ` 3 I!H ก5IH K : 3 ก& ก H $' - 3 ก ก H ก (I3 ก5#7 ก H 1ก " 35& & ก & )( 3 ก ' 2( 0 &#788 # & ก : 3 HK I 12 - 3 ก ก H #J ก ก& ก#9&ก& & P : e 2( 6& #ก &P : e & )( 3 & & 3 ' ก 6&( 64 ก 5 0 4
  • 13. # ( &) 6 I
  • 14. Unit factor 5( ก $I ( 0ก2(52 1 ก 2 ( ' &I 3 ( 1. H # 0ก 6 ก g ก 2. ก ) ก ก ' 3. 12 3 ก" #h 1 ก : 3 ก 6 I3 3 2( K g I 1. ก !ก 0ก2(52 1 gene 1 20 2. ก !ก ) ก ก ' 3. :'3 4' " 3 4. :'3 ` ) #J ) 3 5. #J ก2 &
  • 15. I
  • 16. ( I ก -) ก I ก I ก H F1 F2 : F2 2( 0 K 3 0 H 0 0 787 H 2.84 : 1 0# I k7ก (5 )M5 (5 (5 882 )M5 2.95 : 1 0# I ก II ก ก 5474 II 2.96 : 1 g I g 4 I( 4 4 I( 3.01 : 1 K) ก ก ก& ก ก ก& ก ก& ก 3.14 : 1 I ก ( I( ( ( I( 3.15 : 1 I k7ก I( 4 I( I( 4 2.82 : 1
  • 17. #ก I 1. P = Parential generation ก ,, F1 = first filial generation %& ,, F2 = second generation 2. *+,- .,/ 0/ 1ก234 &- 1 5ก 6 6 6 . ก factor 3. ก F1 84 . 1ก234 .,9 &ก:6% ; ก1 % 4. ก6ก+ 8&กก& =1 > - gene 8&ก &- 4/ ?,- 5. 6 . ก 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F1 & Dominant 6 . ก 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F2 & Recissive 6. 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F1 : 1ก234 .,9 &ก:A F2 = 3 : 1
  • 18. กnI 1. Law of segregation P TT x tt T T t t gamete P Tt x Tt gamete T t T t
  • 19. 2. Law of independent assortment e 45 ) ก กก '( ก 3 e 45 ( ก : " 3 & H P Tt x Tt gamete T t T t F1 TT Tt Tt tt
  • 20. Test ` cross #J ก 6 4 5 genotype I & '(& ( #J ) 3 4 1 K "#6 ก5 Homozygous recessive H g ก - RR 4 Rr g ก x rr g ก x rr g ก g ก : g II . . g ก = RR 1: 1 g ก = Rr
  • 21. Back cross #J ก 6 1 ก K 0ก6 F1 ก 5"#6 ก5 4 ) ก ก ก ก ( ( Monohybrid cross )
  • 22. ก& I& 1ก234 1 5ก 2 1ก234( Dihybrid cross ) - #J ก ก ก 1 & ก I & '(& 2 ก 3 ก -: ก & ( genotype ,phenotype K " 3 2 (& H 1. Punnet Squares : 3 R = gene 2(52 ก g ก r = gene 2(52 ก g II Y = gene 2(52 ก g 4 y = gene 2(52 ก g I(
  • 23. P I1, 6 O ก *.6% ; - x I1, 6 O > > 4*.6>. RRYY rryy gamete Ry ry F1 RrYy F1xF1 RrYy x RrYy Gamete R Y - RY R Y - RY y - Ry y - Ry r Y - rY r Y - rY y - ry y - ry
  • 24. RY Ry rY ry RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy
  • 25. Phenotype Genotype ( ( genotype phenotype RRYY 1 / 16 g ก - 4 RRYy 2 / 16 9 / 16 RrYY 2 / 16 RrYy 4 / 16 g ก -I( RRyy 1/ 16 3 / 16 Rryy 2 / 16 g II - 4 rrYY 1 / 16 3 / 16 rrYy 2 / 16 g II -I( rryy 1 / 16 1 / 16
  • 26. # 1. genotype 9 ' & 2. ( genotype 1 : 2 : 2 : 4 : 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 : 1 3. phenotype 4 ' & 4. ( phenotype 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
  • 27. 2. Branching system P I1, 6 O ก 6% ; - x I1, 6 O > > 4 - 6>. RRYY rryy gamete RY ry F1 RrYy F1 x F1 RrYy RrYy RrRr YyYy gamete ¼ RR : 2/4 Rr : ¼ rr ¼ YY : 2/4 Yy : ¼ yy
  • 28. 1ก234 ., 1 1ก234 ., 2 1= &* genotype ¼ YY 1 / 16 RRYY 1 / 4 RR 2 / 4 Yy 2 / 16 RRYy 1/4 yy 1 / 16 RRyy ¼ YY 2 / 16 RrYY 2 / 4 Rr 2 / 4 Yy 4 / 16 RrYy 1/4 yy 2 / 16 Rryy ¼ YY 1 / 16 rrYY 1 / 4 rr 2 / 4 Yy 2 / 16 rrYy 1/4 yy 1 / 16 rryy
  • 29. 1 ก 2 ( Phenotype 3/ 4 ก 3/4 4 9 / 16 g ก - 4 1/4 I ( 3 / 16 g ก -I( 1/4I I 3/4 4 3 / 16 g II - 4 1/4 I ( 1 / 16 g II -I( 3. 1 ก :'3 0 -K ( ' & gamete = 2n -K ( ' & genotype = 3n -K ( ' & phenotype = 2n
  • 30. 1. Aa BB Cc 2. Aa Bb Cc DD Ee FF
  • 31. 0#)55ก ก ก 1. ก )55 Complete Dominant #J ก ก 1 gene I gene 3 " 3 50 #J "# กn H F1 #J ก F2 #J ก : ก 3 =3:1 =9:3:3:1
  • 32. 2. ก )55 Incomplete Dominant 2.1 ก ก ก5 g F1 genotype = Aa ' 0 F2 genotype AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1 phenotype ) : ' 0 : I ( = 1 : 2 : 1
  • 33. 2.2 ก I I "ก Andalusion blue
  • 34. 2.3 ก ก I I 12 2.4 ก ก ก &H ก
  • 35. 3. ก ก )55 Co ` dominant : ก H gene H 2(52 ก " I e! ก ) ก ) ) 2( " 3 $ก ! # ก9 ก ก ( ก ' 0 4 ABO allele ก (I3 IA , IB ) i #ก & gr A genotype IA IA, IA i gr B ,, I B IB , IB i gr AB ,, I A IB gr ii genotype ii
  • 36. 4. ก ก )55 Over dominant ก& ก allele : P heterozygous ) ก Phenotype 4 ก( allele : P homozygous I `) ' P TT 0 3 M tt 0 1 M F Tt 0 6 M
  • 37. Multiple allele ก allele gene ก& ก( 2 )55I!H "# 2(52 ก ) กI ก : ก ! 1 gene ก ( K) 05 chromosome #J homologous ก . 1. ก I 0 4 ABO 0 4 ABO gene 2(52 3 allele 24 IA, IB ) ii IA = allele 2(52 ก 3 antigen A IB = allele 2(52 ก 3 antigen B