Networks of Agonism and Antagonism: Polarised Discourses about COP26 (and COP27) on Twitter
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27 de May de 2023•0 recomendaciones•65 vistas
Networks of Agonism and Antagonism: Polarised Discourses about COP26 (and COP27) on Twitter
27 de May de 2023•0 recomendaciones•65 vistas
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Paper by Axel Bruns, Michelle Riedlinger, Carly Lubicz-Zaorski, Ehsan Dehghan, and Daniel Angus presented at ICA 2023, Toronto, 27 May 2023.
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Networks of Agonism and Antagonism: Polarised Discourses about COP26 (and COP27) on Twitter
- 1. CRICOS No.00213J Networks of Agonism and Antagonism: Polarised Discourses about COP26 (and COP27) on Twitter Axel Bruns, Michelle Riedlinger, Carly Lubicz-Zaorski, Ehsan Dehghan, and Daniel Angus Digital Media Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology a.bruns | michelle.riedlinger | carly.lubicz | e.dehghan | daniel.angus @ qut.edu.au
- 3. CRICOS No.00213J Data • Twitter datasets: • Tweets matching "climate crisis" OR "climate change" OR COP26/COP27 OR IPCC • COP26: 28 Oct. to 14 Nov. 2021 (event: 31 Oct. to 12 Nov., Glasgow, Scotland) • COP27: 3-20 Nov. 2022 (event: 6-18 Nov., Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt)
- 5. CRICOS No.00213J Networks • Network visualisation and analysis: • Filtered for accounts with degree ≥ 10 (interactions with at least 10 other accounts) • Visualisation using Force Atlas 2 algorithm in Gephi • Cluster detection using Louvain algorithm in Gephi (modularity resolution 0.5)
- 6. COP26
- 8. COP27
- 10. CRICOS No.00213J
- 11. CRICOS No.00213J Clusters and their themes • Compared the likelihood of words appearing in the discourse of one cluster against the likelihood of terms in the larger corpus • Keyword analysis using log-likelihood • More lines = more consistency in discourse (less change in discourse)
- 12. CRICOS No.00213J Top 100 Keywords in the discourse of Climate Activists Top 100 Keywords in the discourse of Climate Sceptics
- 13. CRICOS No.00213J
- 14. CRICOS No.00213J
- 15. CRICOS No.00213J COP26: Most Shared Domains per Cluster UN UK Activists Sceptics youtube.com theguardian.com theguardian.com dailymail.co.uk theguardian.com mirror.co.uk youtube.com youtube.com unfccc.int independent.co.uk avaaz.org telegraph.co.uk un.org bbc.co.uk bbc.co.uk spiked-online.com streamworld.de bylinetimes.com independent.co.uk dailyrecord.co.uk twitter.com avaaz.org nytimes.com gbnews.uk ukcop26.org sky.com bbc.com express.co.uk avaaz.org opendemocracy.net greenpeace.org nypost.com bbc.co.uk youtube.com washingtonpost.com wsj.com zoom.us inews.co.uk ft.com independent.co.uk
- 16. CRICOS No.00213J COP27: Most Shared Domains per Cluster Sceptics Activists US UN expose-news.com cnn.com theguardian.com youtube.com reuters.com reuters.com washingtonpost.com un.org theguardian.com nature.com nytimes.com theguardian.com express.co.uk carbonbrief.org reuters.com twitter.com truthinplainsight.com independent.co.uk youtube.com unfccc.int financialpost.com nytimes.com apnews.com undp.org dailysceptic.org bbc.com twitter.com worldbank.org dailymail.co.uk bbc.co.uk npr.org afdb.org telegraph.co.uk youtube.com whitehouse.gov zoom.us youtube.com theguardian.com cnn.com facebook.com
- 17. CRICOS No.00213J Images (?) Clustered using the Image Machine software: Burgess, J., Angus, D., Carah, N., Andrejevic, M., Hawker, K., Lewis, K., … Li, L. (2021, November 6). Critical simulation as hybrid digital method for exploring the data operations and vernacular cultures of visual social media platforms. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/2cwsu Memes and Cartoons 4% Texts, Newspapers, & Infographics 14% Flood, fire, famine 13% Protests, and groups 13% Slogans 5% Celebrity profiles 12% COP26 activity, inc. leaders, audience 25% Top 3583 unique image uploads Embedded in 385,186 tweets (top 37% of all images shared)
- 18. CRICOS No.00213J Communication Styles: E-I Indices • E-I Index: • Calculated for each cluster: • 🔵 All interactions • 🟠 Retweets only • 🔴 Other interactions only • Values: -1 0 +1 (all internal) (all external) (balanced) (Krackhardt & Stern, 1988)
- 19. CRICOS No.00213J retweets vs. @mentions retweets vs. @mentions
- 20. CRICOS No.00213J more insular very internal very internal very internal very internal
- 21. CRICOS No.00213J Conclusions • Decline in overall attention but stable core: • Less engagement with COP27 than COP26 (due to location; lower involvement of world leaders and celebrities, etc.; other world events) • Major participant groups quite stable in their core membership and themes, but drifting further apart (especially the climate denialists) • Far more localised discussion of domestic issues (Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil) • Central discussion more process-oriented (news, policy, and engagement with activists)
- 22. CRICOS No.00213J This research is supported by the ARC Laureate Fellowship project Dynamics of Partisanship and Polarisation in Online Public Debate and the ARC Discovery projects Evaluating the Challenge of 'Fake News' and Other Malinformation and Using Machine Vision to Explore Instagram’s Everyday Promotional Cultures. Acknowledgments
Notas del editor
- We acknowledge that we are meeting on the traditional territory of many nations including the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishnabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee and the Wendat peoples and that Toronto is also home to many diverse First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
- SLIDE 15: TOP 100 KEYWORDS IN THE DISCOURSE OF CLIMATE ACTIVISTS SLIDE 16: TOP 100 KEYWORDS IN THE DISCOURSE OF CLIMATE SCEPTICS In Slides 15 and 16, the actual words do not matter much. It's not super important to see them on the slide, but overall, the two slides show that there is a higher level of change in the language of climate activists, compared to climate sceptics. (more lines = more common words) The top 100 keywords in the discourse of climate sceptics remains mainly unchanged, with the biggest theme being that they actually use the phrase 'climate change', but then claim that "climate change is a hoax". Climate activists, however, adapt their discourse to the year, and their concerns. We can see a higher degree of change in the top 100 keywords in their discourse, and there is a higher number of keywords unique in each year.
- SLIDE 17: CLIMATE ACTIVIST KEYWORDS COMMON IN BOTH YEARS SLIDE 18: CLIMATE SCEPTIC KEYWORDS COMMON IN BOTH YEARS Again, these two slides show the previous points more clearly: climate activists show a strong focus on Extinction Rebellion, oil, and fossil fuels in COP26. Their emphasis on fossil fuels and oil increases in COP27, while there is less focus on extinction rebellion in COP27. Also, this cluster avoids using the phrase 'climate change', and rather uses phrases such as climate emergency, climate crisis, climate justice, in English and other languages. Interestingly, the emphasis on 'crisis' increases, while the emphasis on 'justice' decreases. Of course, this does not mean that they don't care about climate justice anymore. It is still one of their top keywords. However, the framing has shifted to emphasis the crisis/emergency more. For climate sceptics, however, the discourse does not really show much change. The ranking of keywords remains quite similar, and the keywords that show changes in ranking aren't really meaningful. The only exception, perhaps, is the word 'warming' , which seems to have increased in ranking from COP26 to COP27