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Specijalna
neurologija
Sofija Stojmenović
Sara Stojanović III-1
Neurologija je grana medicine koja izučava poremećaje
nervnog sistema. Ona se bavi ispitivanjem i pregledom
neuroloških pacijenata, obavljanjem dijagnostičkih
procedura, postavljanjem dijagnoze i lečenjem bolesti
mozga, kičmene moždine, nerava, mišića i u toj oblasti
orijentisanim krvnim sudovima.
Neurologija je nehirurška grana medicine, ali njena
odgovarajuća hirurška specijalnost je neurohirurgija.
Neurologija se deli na :
Opšta
neurologija
Specijalna
neurologija
Zapaljenska oboljenja CNS-a
Zapaljenje mekih moždanih
ovojnica mozga.
Meningitis
Zapaljenje mozga. Zapaljenje kičmene
moždine.
Mijelitis
Encefalitis
Parkinsonova bolest
Parkinsonova bolest je bolest
poremećaja pokreta, nazvana po lekaru
iz Londona Jamesu Parkinsonu, koji je
1817. godine prvi opisao simptome
bolesti. Poremećaji pokreta nastaju
zbog smanjenja lučenja hemijske
supstance dopamina
Vanpiramidna oboljenja i
poremećaaji
Demijelinizujuće bolesti
CNS-a
Multipla skleroza
Multipla skleroza je autoimuna bolest kod
koje naš imuni sistem prepoznaje delove
centralnog nervnog sistema koji imaju omotač
oko nerava (mijelinski omotač) kao strane
organizme. Stoga se stvaraju antitela protiv
sopstvenog centralnog nervnog sistema, čime
se oštećuje mijelinski omotač i dolazi do
neuroloških ispada.
Epilepsija
Epilepsija je neurološki poremećaj
koji nastaje zbog sprovođenja
neadekvatnih signala (impulsa) iz
nervnih ćelija mozga (neurona). To
dovodi do neuobičajenih senzacija,
emocija i ponašanja koji se mogu
javiti u sklopu skupa simptoma koji
se zove epileptički napad.
Povremeni poremećaji i
paroksizmalni poremećaji
Moždana paraliza i drugi sindromi paralize
Dečija cerebralna
paraliza
Dečija cerebralna paraliza je
poremećaj u razvoju ili gubitak
moždanih i motornih funkcija
prouzrokovana raznovrsnim
oštećenjima mozga u prenatalno,
perinatalno i postnatalno doba
Traumatske povrede mozga i kičmene
moždine
Potres mozga podrazumeva poremećaj u
funkcionisanju mozga izazvan traumom, bez vidljivog
oštećenja moždanog tkiva koji se manifestuje
gubitkom svesti (može i bez gubitka svesti), gubitkom
pamćenja, poremećajem mentalnog stanja ličnosti ili
fokalnim neurološkim deficitom i obično se radi o
prolaznom poremećaju neurološke funkcije.
Potres mozga
Inotoksikacija CNS-a
Sindrom kome
Somnolencija – patološka pospanost
Sopor – kvantitativna izmena svesti, pri kojoj se bolesnik može probuditi samo pod
uticajem jakih i bolnih draži
Koma – potpuni gubitak svesti
Psihomotorna retardacija
Daunov sindrom
Predstavlja kongenitalni poremećaj sa karakterističnim
izrazom lica i često se po izgledu lica može postaviti
dijagnoza još kod novorođenčadi. Kod dece sa
mongolizmom postoji 47 hromozoma umesto 46 koliko ih
ima ostalo stanovništvo.

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Neurologija

  • 2. Neurologija je grana medicine koja izučava poremećaje nervnog sistema. Ona se bavi ispitivanjem i pregledom neuroloških pacijenata, obavljanjem dijagnostičkih procedura, postavljanjem dijagnoze i lečenjem bolesti mozga, kičmene moždine, nerava, mišića i u toj oblasti orijentisanim krvnim sudovima. Neurologija je nehirurška grana medicine, ali njena odgovarajuća hirurška specijalnost je neurohirurgija.
  • 3. Neurologija se deli na : Opšta neurologija Specijalna neurologija
  • 4. Zapaljenska oboljenja CNS-a Zapaljenje mekih moždanih ovojnica mozga. Meningitis Zapaljenje mozga. Zapaljenje kičmene moždine. Mijelitis Encefalitis
  • 5. Parkinsonova bolest Parkinsonova bolest je bolest poremećaja pokreta, nazvana po lekaru iz Londona Jamesu Parkinsonu, koji je 1817. godine prvi opisao simptome bolesti. Poremećaji pokreta nastaju zbog smanjenja lučenja hemijske supstance dopamina Vanpiramidna oboljenja i poremećaaji
  • 6. Demijelinizujuće bolesti CNS-a Multipla skleroza Multipla skleroza je autoimuna bolest kod koje naš imuni sistem prepoznaje delove centralnog nervnog sistema koji imaju omotač oko nerava (mijelinski omotač) kao strane organizme. Stoga se stvaraju antitela protiv sopstvenog centralnog nervnog sistema, čime se oštećuje mijelinski omotač i dolazi do neuroloških ispada.
  • 7. Epilepsija Epilepsija je neurološki poremećaj koji nastaje zbog sprovođenja neadekvatnih signala (impulsa) iz nervnih ćelija mozga (neurona). To dovodi do neuobičajenih senzacija, emocija i ponašanja koji se mogu javiti u sklopu skupa simptoma koji se zove epileptički napad. Povremeni poremećaji i paroksizmalni poremećaji
  • 8. Moždana paraliza i drugi sindromi paralize Dečija cerebralna paraliza Dečija cerebralna paraliza je poremećaj u razvoju ili gubitak moždanih i motornih funkcija prouzrokovana raznovrsnim oštećenjima mozga u prenatalno, perinatalno i postnatalno doba
  • 9. Traumatske povrede mozga i kičmene moždine Potres mozga podrazumeva poremećaj u funkcionisanju mozga izazvan traumom, bez vidljivog oštećenja moždanog tkiva koji se manifestuje gubitkom svesti (može i bez gubitka svesti), gubitkom pamćenja, poremećajem mentalnog stanja ličnosti ili fokalnim neurološkim deficitom i obično se radi o prolaznom poremećaju neurološke funkcije. Potres mozga
  • 10. Inotoksikacija CNS-a Sindrom kome Somnolencija – patološka pospanost Sopor – kvantitativna izmena svesti, pri kojoj se bolesnik može probuditi samo pod uticajem jakih i bolnih draži Koma – potpuni gubitak svesti
  • 11. Psihomotorna retardacija Daunov sindrom Predstavlja kongenitalni poremećaj sa karakterističnim izrazom lica i često se po izgledu lica može postaviti dijagnoza još kod novorođenčadi. Kod dece sa mongolizmom postoji 47 hromozoma umesto 46 koliko ih ima ostalo stanovništvo.