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SUSTAINABLE
                      LANDSCAPING
RESOURCE EFFICIENT LANDSCAPES FOR SANTA BARBARA COUNTY
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING
                               A WAY OF LOOKING AT YOUR YARD AS AN
                               INTEGRAL PART OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT.

                               Over time, our concept of landscaping has evolved. In the past, a lawn with a hedge and maybe a few flower beds
                               were fine. Now we ask more of our landscapes. Around our house, we want landscaping that is attractive, has
                               functional spaces such as an entertainment area, a children’s play area or a vegetable garden, or provides
                               erosion control or shade for the house. But at what cost?

If many of the terms used      SAVE MONEY AND TIME
here seem new to you, don’t    Maintaining a typical landscape requires many kinds of input: time, money, labor, water, chemicals, and fertilizers.
give up. A list of resources   Most homeowners would be happy to reduce the amount of time, money, and labor that goes into their yards.
and references in the back     The environment also benefits from decreased use of resources such as water, and potentially polluting
of this brochure can help      elements such as chemicals and fertilizers.
take the mystery out of
creating your own sustain-     REDUCE WASTE
able landscape.                Maintaining our landscaping also creates output – wastes such as plant trimmings and weeds, irrigation run-off polluted
                               by the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and water lost by inefficient irrigation. The concept of sustainable landscaping
                               asks us to examine the input and output of our landscaping and find ways to minimize both. Applying the principles in
                               this brochure can save you time and money, and create a beautiful landscape that is environmentally responsible.
County Landscape and Design



                                                                                                                   Many low water-using
                                                                                                                   flowers – lavender, yarrow
                                                                                                                   and penstemon – also make
                                                                                                                   beautiful cut flowers.

                                                                                                                   For efficient watering, design
                                                                                                                   the shape of your lawn to fit
                                                                                                                   the spray pattern of your
                                                                                                                   pop-up sprinkler heads.
County Landscape and Design



LUSH … AND WATER-SAVING!
Many people envision that every water-saving landscape looks like a desert: cactus and rock without a lot of
color. The landscape pictured here dispels that notion. The lush effect is created by the use of varied leaf
color and texture, and the elimination of turf areas. A flagstone path invites you to explore the possibilities.
County Landscape and Design




        Natural vegetation, like a
        venerable oak tree, can
        provide the focal point for
        the landscape design.
                                                                                                                                   Van Atta Associates
        Try experimenting with color
        schemes just as you would in
        an indoor room: silvery
        greens accented by bright
        yellow and gold blooms
        surround a small terrace.
        Water efficient and native      County Landscape and Design                                                               County Landscape and Design

        plants are available in a
                                        FUNCTION & STYLE
        wide variety of colors.
                                        Sustainable landscapes are also functional. They invite the viewer in with a variety of color and interesting lawn and
        Incorporating a small water     patio areas. Careful planning can create outdoor “rooms” which can be used almost year-round in our mild climate.
        feature adds a tranquil touch   “Hardscape” areas, such as a brick patio or wooden deck, reduce water needs while providing areas for entertaining or
        to a garden.                    relaxing in privacy. Hardscape areas designed to drain to planted beds conserve water and reduce polluted runoff.
Look around in the community
                                                                                                                              for ideas on creating your own
                                                                                                                              appropriate landscape.
                                                                                                                              Chances are that neighborhood
                                                                                                                              landscapes you’ve admired in
                                                                                                                              the past were actually created
                                                                                                                              on sustainable principles.




Billy Goodnick                                             Van Atta Associates                                                              County Landscape and Design



SUSTAINABLE STYLE – HOME OR BUSINESS
More and more homeowners are installing sustainable landscaping suited to their family’s needs, the style of their home, and the local environment.
Spanish mansions, California bungalows, and 60s tract homes can all be enhanced by a well-planned, resource-efficient landscape. Businesses
and municipalities also benefit from installing landscaping that requires less water and work. Sustainable landscaping principles are the same for
commercial, municipal and residential plantings, and resource-saving landscaping in public places demonstrates concern for the local community.
PLANNING AND DESIGN
         In order to have a sustainable landscape, you must plan it – it doesn’t just happen.
         Planning is the starting point and possibly the most important phase!




       Van Atta Associates                Suding Design                    County Landscape and Design

       Billy Goodnick                     Billy Goodnick                   Suding Design




       STARTING OVER IS EASY
       Many people have an existing garden when they begin to plan a more sustainable landscape.
       The task of converting a garden may seem overwhelming, but becomes manageable when done over time. Once
       you’ve planned the surroundings you’d like to achieve, implement your plan in phases, over a number of years.
DESIGN WITH THESE STEPS IN MIND.....
County Landscape and Design             Suding Design                           Suding Design                            Billy Goodnick




        Begin by reducing lawn areas,             Next add water-efficient              Fine tune your landscape by
        adding soil amendments, and               plantings and trees, patios           adding annuals or wildflowers,
        installing an efficient                   and walkways, or other                and adjusting the irrigation
        irrigation system.                        special features.                     system for maximum efficiency.
FIRST, ANALYZE YOUR SITE
                                        County Landscape and Design                      County Landscape and Design                                   Billy Goodnick




                                                                                         Van Atta Associates




County Landscape and Design



        Consider your local climate
        and try to orient patios for
                                        Take into consideration your outdoor activities, existing qualities of your yard such as interesting rocks or large
        the benefits of sun or shade.
                                        trees, and special needs such as space for a vegetable garden and compost pile. Make note of the unique traits
        Trees or vines near the         of the location, such as conditions of sun and shade, ground slope, available moisture, soil type, and air move-
        house can block the summer      ment. (See “Soils”, following.) By considering these factors and planning with them in mind, the resulting
        sun and lower temperatures.     landscape will be easier to maintain.
City of Santa Barbara                  Suding Design                       County Landscape and Design




                                                                                                                   Make a list of possible
                                                                                                                   materials needed to create
                                                                                                                   your landscape. Include
CONSIDER SOLUTIONS TO SITE PROBLEMS                                                                                recycled materials if they’re
The planning phase is also a time to propose solutions to problems, such as hard clay soil or poor drainage. For   available locally. For example,
example, a shady area with poor soil could provide space for a small patio, the sound of water from a fountain     railroad ties and broken
could mask street noise, or you could incorporate a swale or dry creek bed to provide drainage and retain water    concrete can be incorporated
onsite. Laying out the design on paper and on the ground will help you identify problems and solutions.            into retaining walls or patios.
Billy Goodnick   County Landscape and Design                                                     County Landscape and Design

Suding Design

                 NEXT CONSIDER HOW YOU WANT TO USE
                 YOUR LANDSCAPING

                 There are many functions for a garden: to provide beauty, a place for children to play, space for growing
                 food, erosion control, wildlife habitat, and climate control. You should also design your area so that
                 rainwater and runoff from irrigation are retained on site. This helps conserve water, and also prevents
                 polluted runoff from reaching our creeks and ocean.
Goleta Water District Demonstration Garden


SOILS
Healthy soil is an important foundation for every landscape. Dealing with problem soils
can take up much of the time spent in maintaining a yard. Aspects of soil composition,
slope, and need for amendments must all be considered. Characteristics of the soil can                                          Soil testing can help you
help determine the best choice of plants and irrigation systems for your landscape.                                             determine the characteristics
                                                                                                                                of your soil, so that you can
DIFFERENT SOILS HAVE VARYING WATER NEEDS
                                                                                                                                plan accordingly. Check under
Clay soils absorb water slowly and cause surface runoff if watered too quickly. Sandy
                                                                                                                                “laboratories” in the yellow
soils dry quickly because of fast downward percolation. It is important to know your         Soil type and moisture
                                                                                                                                pages to find a lab that can
soil type. Your local water purveyor or landscape professional can help you determine       can be assessed with a
                                                                                                         soil probe.            analyze your soil.
what type of soil you have.
                                                                                                                                Bark chips and wood shavings
IMPROVING YOUR SOIL
                                                                                                                                make attractive organic
Soil amendments, such as redwood bark or compost, will improve your soil. Composting your garden waste serves
                                                                                                                                mulches. Some local tree
an important dual purpose: it decreases the amount of materials taken to the landfill (up to 50% of the waste
                                                                                                                                services will deliver wood
stream is yard debris) and provides a valuable, organic amendment for your soil. Many good books are available
                                                                                                                                chips free of charge. Mulch is
on the subject of composting.
                                                                                                                                also available for free from
Mulching can help your landscape no matter what the soil conditions. Mulch covers and cools the soil, minimizes                 the County’s Solid Waste
evaporation, eliminates weed growth and slows erosion. As mulch decomposes, nutrients are added to the soil.                    Division. Call 882-3600 for
Mulching your garden 2 – 3" deep will allow you to irrigate less often.                                                         pickup details.
St. Catherine’s Lace (Eriogonum giganteum)   California Lilac (Ceanothus sp.)         Yarrow (Achillea sp.)                    Flowering Oregano (Oreganum sp.)
            Penstemon (Penstemon sp.)                                                                                          New Zealand Flax (Phormium tenax)

                                             PLANT SELECTION
                                             Choosing plants for your yard is an important step in making the landscape
                                             sustainable. Besides the usual consideration of how the plant looks, there
                                             are other important factors to keep in mind.

                                             RIGHT PLANT, RIGHT PLACE
                                             Choose plants that will grow to an appropriate size for the area you’re
                                             planting. If a plant that grows into a tree is selected for a hedge, the result
                                             is endless pruning: more work for you and more material for the landfill.
                                             Many reference books will include the mature size of plants. Before you
                                             select a plant, find out if it has pest problems locally. Some plants are more
                                             susceptible to disease and insects, requiring more effort and pesticides or
                                             herbicides to keep them alive.
Billy Goodnick




                                                                                                                                      Consider planting a meadow
                                                                                                                                      instead of a lawn; seed
                                                                                                                                      mixes are available that
                                                                                                                                      usually include wildflowers,
Tea Tree (Leptospermum sp.)               Germander (Teucrium chamaedrys)        Day Lily (Hemerocallis fulva)                        clovers, and herbs. These
                                                                                                                                      meadows require no mowing,
                                                                                 County Landscape and Design
                                                                                                                                      and less water and fer tilizer.
CONSIDER WATER NEEDS
In our semi-arid climate, the water requirements of a plant are an impor-                                                             When mowing the lawn,
tant consideration. Many beautiful, low-water using plants are available                                                              increase the mowing height
locally. To avoid maintenance conflicts, group plants with similar water, sun,                                                        and leave clippings on the
shade and soil requirements. This divides the landscape into “hydrozones”                                                             surface as mulch. Although
which also makes programming an irrigation controller much more efficient.       Matilija Poppy (Romneya coulteri)                    there are no truly “drought
                                                                                                                                      tolerant” turf grasses, some
LAWNS                                                                                                                                 varieties do use less water.
Lawns can be an attractive and useful part of a landscape, but can require
                                                                                                                                      If plants develop disease,
large inputs of water, labor and often chemicals to keep them healthy.                                               Max E. Badgley
                                                                                                                                      look for biological controls
Many people find that even while reducing the lawn area, they can still meet                                                          (insects) or non-chemical
the need for children’s or a pet’s play area. A smaller lawn requires less                                                            means of easing the
fertilizer and mowing, and creates less waste (lawn clippings) to haul away.                                                          problem.
IRRIGATION &
WATER EFFICIENCY
In Southern California’s semi-arid climate, water is the most limited resource that goes into the landscape.
The choice of irrigation systems, techniques, and irrigation scheduling has great impact on the efficiency of
water use. Benefits of efficient water use, besides a lower water bill, include a healthier garden and less work.

IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN
    Group plants according to their water needs creating hydrozones, and use separate irrigation valves for
    each hydrozone so individual scheduling is possible.

    Make sure you have pressure regulators for each valve and that the pressure is set to manufacturer
    recommended pounds per square inch (psi) for your sprinkler type.

    Find ways to capture natural rainfall, such as cisterns or percolation basins. Hard surfaces, such as patios,
    should drain into planted areas. Consider the use of porous paving surfaces, such as bricks laid on sand.
    Keeping rain and irrigation water on your landscape reduces irrigation needs and prevents polluted runoff.

    Consider using greywater on your landscaping. Check with your local water purveyor to obtain greywater
    system requirements and permit information.
County Landscape and Design

   THE THREE STEPS TO EFFICIENT IRRIGATION:
STEP 1:      CREATE A SEASONAL IRRIGATION SCHEDULE
          To be most efficient, watering decisions should be made by observing the condition of plants, soil
          and weather — not by a pre-set schedule. Easy tools that will assist you in creating a seasonal
          irrigation schedule for each area of your landscape include a soil probe, catch can test for the
          lawn areas, and a landscape water calculator (see www.sbwater.org). You will need to do a little
          homework to develop your seasonal irrigation schedule. An important first step is to know your                 Check out
          soil type. Your local water purveyor will assist you in collecting the information and developing a            www.sbwater.org for
          seasonal irrigation schedule.                                                                                  resources and contact
STEP 2:      TROUBLESHOOTING                                                                                             information.
          At least once per month, turn your irrigation system on manually and check for leaks, broken                   For a simple approach to
          sprinklers or drip emitters, and overspray. Make corrections as needed.                                        check if you need to
                                                                                                                         water, use a soil probe.
STEP 3:       ADJUST YOUR IRRIGATION CONTROLLER
                                                                                                                         (See “Soils” section of
          Avoid over-watering, the most common cause of lawn and plant disease. Adjust the irrigation
                                                                                                                         this booklet.) If the soil
          schedule as the weather changes. Use the seasonal irrigation schedule you created in Step 1 to
                                                                                                                         is moist around plants’
          adjust your irrigation controller. Most of our soils cannot absorb water as fast as sprinklers apply
                                                                                                                         roots, then there’s no
          it. The best technique is to water in short on/off cycles early in the morning. Most irrigation
                                                                                                                         need to water.
          controllers have a multiple start time function, so you can break up watering time.
Billy Goodnick
                                          MAINTENANCE
         Consider the use of time-        Thoughtful planning and design, attention to soil characteristics, careful plant selection and irrigation design
         release fertilizers. These       should all contribute to a landscape that requires less maintenance. A sustainable landscape reduces
         fertilizers, which look like     maintenance cost and effort because it requires less water, fertilizers, chemicals, pruning and mowing.
         charcoal briquets, get
                                          PRUNING
         buried around the drip-line
                                          All landscapes, however, require some maintenance. Prune plants
         of the plant. This reduces
                                          carefully, keeping in mind that excessive pruning will promote
         the possibility of fertilizer-
                                          growth, increasing the water required and waste produced. Most
         laden runoff.
                                          plants look best if allowed to maintain their natural growth habit.
         For more sustainable
                                          LAWN CARE
         landscape maintenance tips,
                                          Mow lawns with the mower at the highest setting to keep the roots
         use the “Gardener’s Check
                                          and soil cool, and reduce the amount of clippings. Compost
         List for Sustainable
                                          trimmings from your lawn and plants to produce a rich soil
         Landscape Maintenance”,
                                          amendment which also reduces fertilizer requirements.
         available at
         www.greengardener.org or         WEEDING
         by calling (805) 568-3440.       Keep weeds pulled; they compete with your landscaping for water.
The person who hires a
                                                                                                                  Certified Green Gardener will
THE GREEN GARDENER                                                                                                have a professional with the
CERTIFICATION PROGRAM                                                                                             knowledge and resources
                                                                                                                  needed to make environmen-
                                                                                                                  tally responsible, economi-
The Green Gardener Certification Program is a regional program designed
                                                                                                                  cally sound landscaping
to offer education, training, certification and promotion of par ticipating
                                                                                                                  decisions.
gardeners and landscape maintenance professionals to:
                                                                                                                  If you currently employ a
    Improve resource efficiency and reduce pollution on landscape sites.
                                                                                                                  gardener who is not certified,
    Improve the health, appearance and value of landscapes for customers and site managers, and                   urge him or her to attend a
    Provide economic incentives to program participants, both gardeners and their clients.                        Green Gardener certification
                                                                                                                  class. For more information
This innovative certification program offers a new educational tool to help local agencies further their shared
                                                                                                                  about the program, a class
goal of promoting resource efficiency and reducing pollution in landscapes for Santa Barbara County.
                                                                                                                  schedule, or the current list
In order to be certified, gardeners attend a training session, offered in both English and Spanish, covering      of Certified Green Gardeners,
topics on sustainable landscaping practices, including non-point source pollution reduction, water efficiency,    visit www.greengardener.org,
integrated pest management, and reduction of air pollution emissions and green waste.                             or call 564-5460.
NEED MORE INFORMATION?
                                           PLANT LISTS
                                           Local nurseries have a wide variety of low-water using plants. You can obtain plant lists from your local water
                                           purveyor. Be sure to seek as many information sources as possible for the widest variety of plants in your garden.
                                           Bougainvillea and iceplant need not be your water-saving mainstays! Check out www.sbwater.org for an interactive
                                           water-wise plant palette guide.

Alice Keck Park Memorial Garden            DEMONSTRATION GARDENS
Corner of Micheltorena and Santa Barbara   Many local water purveyors now have demonstration gardens, or can direct you to one in your community. Some
Streets, Santa Barbara                     are simply a collection of water-saving plants, while other address issues such as design, irrigation, erosion
                                           control, and fire-resistant landscape design. Call your local water purveyor for more information on demonstration
                                           gardens. See the list on page 22.



                                                                              Goleta Water District Demonstration Garden
                                                                              4699 Hollister Avenue, Santa Barbara

                                                                                         Santa Maria Valley Sustainable Garden
                                                                                                   624 West Foster Road, Santa Maria
PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE
You may wish to call in a professional during the planning, installation, or maintenance phases of creating your
sustainable landscape. Titles can be confusing; the following will give you an idea of which professional you may
want to consult.

Landscape Architect: A landscape architect can design the entire landscape, including hardscape features
(patios, decks, etc.) and the irrigation system. However, a landscape architect does not perform the actual
installation of the landscaping.

NOTE: A landscape architect or contractor must be tested and licensed by the state.
                                                                                                                             Billy Goodnick
                                                                                                       Van Atta Associates                    Suding Design
Landsca pe Contr actor : A landscape contractor can coordinate all phases of your
Landscape Contractor
                 actor:
project – design, installation of the irrigation system, construction of hardscape features,
and planting. The design may be done by the contractor or by a landscape architect.

Gar dener : A gardener can maintain your garden and irrigation system once it is
Gardener
    dener:
completed. Generally, this person is not licensed to provide any design or
installation services.
REFERENCES
                 Water purveyors often have a variety of brochures on sustainable landscaping principles. Call your local
                 purveyor for free publications on topics ranging from efficient irrigation to tree maintenance and
                 low-water using plants (see the list of Water Purveyors, following) or go to www.sbwater.org.

                 Check your local library or bookstore for publications on sustainable landscape topics. Below is a list of
                 some books you may find useful.

                 Common Sense Pest Control, Olkowski, Darr, Olkowski; The Taunton Press, 1991.

                 Drip Irrigation for Every Landscape and All Climates, Robert Kourik, Metamorphic Press, 1992.

                 Create An Oasis With Greywater, Art Ludwig, Oasis Biocompatible Products, 1994.

                 Sunset Western Garden Book, Lane Publishing Company, (latest edition).

                 The Rodale Book of Composting, Deborah L. Martin & Grace Gershuny, Rodale Press, 1992.
Billy Goodnick
RESOURCES
LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS
Community Environmental Council, 930 Miramonte Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93109, (805) 963-0583;
       www.communityenvironmental council.org.
       Information on composting, natural pest control, water conservation. Demonstration garden
       on site.

Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, (805) 683-4726:
        www.sbbg.org.
        Displays of native California plants; Home Demonstration Garden of water conserving native
        plants; books and garden publications; classes & tours.

Horticulture Consortium of Santa Barbara, c/o City of Santa Barbara Parks & Recreation Department, P.O.
         Box 1990, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, (805) 564-5437

Green Gardener Certification Program, c/o City of Santa Barbara, P.O.Box 1990, Santa Barbara, CA 93102,
        (805) 564-5460; www.greengardener.org. Trains gardeners in resource efficient and pollution       County Landscape and Design
        prevention maintenance techniques. Provides a list of certified gardeners.

University of California Cooperative Extension, Santa Barbara County Office: 624 West Foster, Santa
         Maria, CA 93455 (805) 934-6240. Free and priced information on horticulture, erosion
         control, pests & diseases, soils, irrigation.
Van Atta Associates                                                                                                                                                  Goleta Water District Demonstration Garden
                      WATER PURVEYORS

                      For information on water efficient landscaping and demonstration
                      gardens, call your local water purveyor.
                      All numbers are in the 805 area.
                      City of Buellton .................................................................................................................. 688-5177
                      City of Guadalupe .......................................................................................................... 343-1340
                      City of Lompoc .................................................................................................................... 736-1261
                      City of Santa Barbara ............................................................................................... 564-5460
                      City of Santa Maria ...................................................................................................... 925-0951
                      City of Solvang ................................................................................................................... 688-5575
                      Carpinteria County Water District ........................................................... 684-2816
                      Cuyama Community Services District ................................................. 766-2780
                      Goleta Water District ................................................................................................. 964-6761
                      Los Alamos Community Services District ..................................... 344-4195
                      La Cumbre Mutual Water Company ....................................................... 967-2376
                      Mission Hills Community Services District ................................. 733-4366
                      Montecito Water District ...................................................................................... 969-2271
                      Santa Barbara County Water Agency .................................................. 568-3440
                      Santa Ynez River Water Conservation District ID#1 ..... 688-6015
                      Southern California Water Company ................................................... 937-2007
                      Vandenberg Village Community Services District ............ 733-2475
INTERNET RESOURCES
GENERAL                                                                     PLANTS
Backyard Wildlife Habitat            www.nwf.org/backyardwildlifehabitat    Las Pilitas Nursery (natives, Santa Margarita)                www.laspilitas.com
National Gardening Association                          www.garden.org      San Marcos Growers                                    www.sanmarcosgrowers.com
                                                                              (natives/low-water using, Santa Barbara)
COMPOSTING
                                                                            Santa Barbara County Water Wise Plant List       www.sbwater.org/PlantList.htm
Composting Council                           www.compostingcouncil.org
                                                                            Theodore Payne Foundation (natives, Los Angeles)         www.theodorepayne.org
Cornell Composting Site        www.cfe.cornell.edu/wmi/composting.html
                                                                            Tree of Life Nursery (natives, San Juan Capistrano)    www.treeoflifenursery.com
WATER HARVESTING/GREYWATER
                                                                            INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Greenbuilder.com        www.greenbuilder.com/sourcebook/rainwater.html
                                                                            Integrated Pest Management Information Service              www.efn.org/~ipmpa
Oasis Designs                                       www.oasisdesign.net
                                                                            UC Davis IPM Online                                         axp.ipm.ucdavis.edu
Rain Gardens           clean-water.uwex.edu/pubs/raingarden/gardens.pdf
                                                                            LOCAL RESOURCES
IRRIGATION
                                                                            Green Gardener Certification Program                      www.greengardener.org
Center for Irrigation Technology                      www.wateright.org
                                                                            Santa Barbara Botanic Garden                                       www.sbbg.org
County of Santa Barbara Water Wise Website              www.sbwater.org
  (landscape watering calculator)                                           County of Santa Barbara Water Wise Website                      www.sbwater.org

TURF & LAWN CARE                                                            DEMONSTRATION SITES
Ecological Lawn care                          www.life.ca/nl/43/lawn.html   Center for Regenerative Studies (Cal Poly Pomona)      www.csupomona.edu/~crs
CREDITS
Coordinated by:
Santa Barbara County Water Agency and City of Santa Barbara Public Works Department

Produced and written by:
Darcy Aston and Alison Jordan

Designed by:
Jan French Graphics

With special thanks to:

County Landscape and Design
Billy Goodnick, Landscape Architect
Van Atta Associates Landscape Architecture & Planning
Suding Design


Cover photos: (Main) Suding Design; (Upper side) County Landscape and Design; (Lower side) Van Atta Associates

Revised and printed with support from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 2003

Printed on recycled paper

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Santa Barbarba Sustainable Landscaping Manual

  • 1. SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING RESOURCE EFFICIENT LANDSCAPES FOR SANTA BARBARA COUNTY
  • 2. SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPING A WAY OF LOOKING AT YOUR YARD AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT. Over time, our concept of landscaping has evolved. In the past, a lawn with a hedge and maybe a few flower beds were fine. Now we ask more of our landscapes. Around our house, we want landscaping that is attractive, has functional spaces such as an entertainment area, a children’s play area or a vegetable garden, or provides erosion control or shade for the house. But at what cost? If many of the terms used SAVE MONEY AND TIME here seem new to you, don’t Maintaining a typical landscape requires many kinds of input: time, money, labor, water, chemicals, and fertilizers. give up. A list of resources Most homeowners would be happy to reduce the amount of time, money, and labor that goes into their yards. and references in the back The environment also benefits from decreased use of resources such as water, and potentially polluting of this brochure can help elements such as chemicals and fertilizers. take the mystery out of creating your own sustain- REDUCE WASTE able landscape. Maintaining our landscaping also creates output – wastes such as plant trimmings and weeds, irrigation run-off polluted by the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and water lost by inefficient irrigation. The concept of sustainable landscaping asks us to examine the input and output of our landscaping and find ways to minimize both. Applying the principles in this brochure can save you time and money, and create a beautiful landscape that is environmentally responsible.
  • 3. County Landscape and Design Many low water-using flowers – lavender, yarrow and penstemon – also make beautiful cut flowers. For efficient watering, design the shape of your lawn to fit the spray pattern of your pop-up sprinkler heads. County Landscape and Design LUSH … AND WATER-SAVING! Many people envision that every water-saving landscape looks like a desert: cactus and rock without a lot of color. The landscape pictured here dispels that notion. The lush effect is created by the use of varied leaf color and texture, and the elimination of turf areas. A flagstone path invites you to explore the possibilities.
  • 4. County Landscape and Design Natural vegetation, like a venerable oak tree, can provide the focal point for the landscape design. Van Atta Associates Try experimenting with color schemes just as you would in an indoor room: silvery greens accented by bright yellow and gold blooms surround a small terrace. Water efficient and native County Landscape and Design County Landscape and Design plants are available in a FUNCTION & STYLE wide variety of colors. Sustainable landscapes are also functional. They invite the viewer in with a variety of color and interesting lawn and Incorporating a small water patio areas. Careful planning can create outdoor “rooms” which can be used almost year-round in our mild climate. feature adds a tranquil touch “Hardscape” areas, such as a brick patio or wooden deck, reduce water needs while providing areas for entertaining or to a garden. relaxing in privacy. Hardscape areas designed to drain to planted beds conserve water and reduce polluted runoff.
  • 5. Look around in the community for ideas on creating your own appropriate landscape. Chances are that neighborhood landscapes you’ve admired in the past were actually created on sustainable principles. Billy Goodnick Van Atta Associates County Landscape and Design SUSTAINABLE STYLE – HOME OR BUSINESS More and more homeowners are installing sustainable landscaping suited to their family’s needs, the style of their home, and the local environment. Spanish mansions, California bungalows, and 60s tract homes can all be enhanced by a well-planned, resource-efficient landscape. Businesses and municipalities also benefit from installing landscaping that requires less water and work. Sustainable landscaping principles are the same for commercial, municipal and residential plantings, and resource-saving landscaping in public places demonstrates concern for the local community.
  • 6. PLANNING AND DESIGN In order to have a sustainable landscape, you must plan it – it doesn’t just happen. Planning is the starting point and possibly the most important phase! Van Atta Associates Suding Design County Landscape and Design Billy Goodnick Billy Goodnick Suding Design STARTING OVER IS EASY Many people have an existing garden when they begin to plan a more sustainable landscape. The task of converting a garden may seem overwhelming, but becomes manageable when done over time. Once you’ve planned the surroundings you’d like to achieve, implement your plan in phases, over a number of years.
  • 7. DESIGN WITH THESE STEPS IN MIND..... County Landscape and Design Suding Design Suding Design Billy Goodnick Begin by reducing lawn areas, Next add water-efficient Fine tune your landscape by adding soil amendments, and plantings and trees, patios adding annuals or wildflowers, installing an efficient and walkways, or other and adjusting the irrigation irrigation system. special features. system for maximum efficiency.
  • 8. FIRST, ANALYZE YOUR SITE County Landscape and Design County Landscape and Design Billy Goodnick Van Atta Associates County Landscape and Design Consider your local climate and try to orient patios for Take into consideration your outdoor activities, existing qualities of your yard such as interesting rocks or large the benefits of sun or shade. trees, and special needs such as space for a vegetable garden and compost pile. Make note of the unique traits Trees or vines near the of the location, such as conditions of sun and shade, ground slope, available moisture, soil type, and air move- house can block the summer ment. (See “Soils”, following.) By considering these factors and planning with them in mind, the resulting sun and lower temperatures. landscape will be easier to maintain.
  • 9. City of Santa Barbara Suding Design County Landscape and Design Make a list of possible materials needed to create your landscape. Include CONSIDER SOLUTIONS TO SITE PROBLEMS recycled materials if they’re The planning phase is also a time to propose solutions to problems, such as hard clay soil or poor drainage. For available locally. For example, example, a shady area with poor soil could provide space for a small patio, the sound of water from a fountain railroad ties and broken could mask street noise, or you could incorporate a swale or dry creek bed to provide drainage and retain water concrete can be incorporated onsite. Laying out the design on paper and on the ground will help you identify problems and solutions. into retaining walls or patios.
  • 10. Billy Goodnick County Landscape and Design County Landscape and Design Suding Design NEXT CONSIDER HOW YOU WANT TO USE YOUR LANDSCAPING There are many functions for a garden: to provide beauty, a place for children to play, space for growing food, erosion control, wildlife habitat, and climate control. You should also design your area so that rainwater and runoff from irrigation are retained on site. This helps conserve water, and also prevents polluted runoff from reaching our creeks and ocean.
  • 11. Goleta Water District Demonstration Garden SOILS Healthy soil is an important foundation for every landscape. Dealing with problem soils can take up much of the time spent in maintaining a yard. Aspects of soil composition, slope, and need for amendments must all be considered. Characteristics of the soil can Soil testing can help you help determine the best choice of plants and irrigation systems for your landscape. determine the characteristics of your soil, so that you can DIFFERENT SOILS HAVE VARYING WATER NEEDS plan accordingly. Check under Clay soils absorb water slowly and cause surface runoff if watered too quickly. Sandy “laboratories” in the yellow soils dry quickly because of fast downward percolation. It is important to know your Soil type and moisture pages to find a lab that can soil type. Your local water purveyor or landscape professional can help you determine can be assessed with a soil probe. analyze your soil. what type of soil you have. Bark chips and wood shavings IMPROVING YOUR SOIL make attractive organic Soil amendments, such as redwood bark or compost, will improve your soil. Composting your garden waste serves mulches. Some local tree an important dual purpose: it decreases the amount of materials taken to the landfill (up to 50% of the waste services will deliver wood stream is yard debris) and provides a valuable, organic amendment for your soil. Many good books are available chips free of charge. Mulch is on the subject of composting. also available for free from Mulching can help your landscape no matter what the soil conditions. Mulch covers and cools the soil, minimizes the County’s Solid Waste evaporation, eliminates weed growth and slows erosion. As mulch decomposes, nutrients are added to the soil. Division. Call 882-3600 for Mulching your garden 2 – 3" deep will allow you to irrigate less often. pickup details.
  • 12. St. Catherine’s Lace (Eriogonum giganteum) California Lilac (Ceanothus sp.) Yarrow (Achillea sp.) Flowering Oregano (Oreganum sp.) Penstemon (Penstemon sp.) New Zealand Flax (Phormium tenax) PLANT SELECTION Choosing plants for your yard is an important step in making the landscape sustainable. Besides the usual consideration of how the plant looks, there are other important factors to keep in mind. RIGHT PLANT, RIGHT PLACE Choose plants that will grow to an appropriate size for the area you’re planting. If a plant that grows into a tree is selected for a hedge, the result is endless pruning: more work for you and more material for the landfill. Many reference books will include the mature size of plants. Before you select a plant, find out if it has pest problems locally. Some plants are more susceptible to disease and insects, requiring more effort and pesticides or herbicides to keep them alive.
  • 13. Billy Goodnick Consider planting a meadow instead of a lawn; seed mixes are available that usually include wildflowers, Tea Tree (Leptospermum sp.) Germander (Teucrium chamaedrys) Day Lily (Hemerocallis fulva) clovers, and herbs. These meadows require no mowing, County Landscape and Design and less water and fer tilizer. CONSIDER WATER NEEDS In our semi-arid climate, the water requirements of a plant are an impor- When mowing the lawn, tant consideration. Many beautiful, low-water using plants are available increase the mowing height locally. To avoid maintenance conflicts, group plants with similar water, sun, and leave clippings on the shade and soil requirements. This divides the landscape into “hydrozones” surface as mulch. Although which also makes programming an irrigation controller much more efficient. Matilija Poppy (Romneya coulteri) there are no truly “drought tolerant” turf grasses, some LAWNS varieties do use less water. Lawns can be an attractive and useful part of a landscape, but can require If plants develop disease, large inputs of water, labor and often chemicals to keep them healthy. Max E. Badgley look for biological controls Many people find that even while reducing the lawn area, they can still meet (insects) or non-chemical the need for children’s or a pet’s play area. A smaller lawn requires less means of easing the fertilizer and mowing, and creates less waste (lawn clippings) to haul away. problem.
  • 14. IRRIGATION & WATER EFFICIENCY In Southern California’s semi-arid climate, water is the most limited resource that goes into the landscape. The choice of irrigation systems, techniques, and irrigation scheduling has great impact on the efficiency of water use. Benefits of efficient water use, besides a lower water bill, include a healthier garden and less work. IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN Group plants according to their water needs creating hydrozones, and use separate irrigation valves for each hydrozone so individual scheduling is possible. Make sure you have pressure regulators for each valve and that the pressure is set to manufacturer recommended pounds per square inch (psi) for your sprinkler type. Find ways to capture natural rainfall, such as cisterns or percolation basins. Hard surfaces, such as patios, should drain into planted areas. Consider the use of porous paving surfaces, such as bricks laid on sand. Keeping rain and irrigation water on your landscape reduces irrigation needs and prevents polluted runoff. Consider using greywater on your landscaping. Check with your local water purveyor to obtain greywater system requirements and permit information.
  • 15. County Landscape and Design THE THREE STEPS TO EFFICIENT IRRIGATION: STEP 1: CREATE A SEASONAL IRRIGATION SCHEDULE To be most efficient, watering decisions should be made by observing the condition of plants, soil and weather — not by a pre-set schedule. Easy tools that will assist you in creating a seasonal irrigation schedule for each area of your landscape include a soil probe, catch can test for the lawn areas, and a landscape water calculator (see www.sbwater.org). You will need to do a little homework to develop your seasonal irrigation schedule. An important first step is to know your Check out soil type. Your local water purveyor will assist you in collecting the information and developing a www.sbwater.org for seasonal irrigation schedule. resources and contact STEP 2: TROUBLESHOOTING information. At least once per month, turn your irrigation system on manually and check for leaks, broken For a simple approach to sprinklers or drip emitters, and overspray. Make corrections as needed. check if you need to water, use a soil probe. STEP 3: ADJUST YOUR IRRIGATION CONTROLLER (See “Soils” section of Avoid over-watering, the most common cause of lawn and plant disease. Adjust the irrigation this booklet.) If the soil schedule as the weather changes. Use the seasonal irrigation schedule you created in Step 1 to is moist around plants’ adjust your irrigation controller. Most of our soils cannot absorb water as fast as sprinklers apply roots, then there’s no it. The best technique is to water in short on/off cycles early in the morning. Most irrigation need to water. controllers have a multiple start time function, so you can break up watering time.
  • 16. Billy Goodnick MAINTENANCE Consider the use of time- Thoughtful planning and design, attention to soil characteristics, careful plant selection and irrigation design release fertilizers. These should all contribute to a landscape that requires less maintenance. A sustainable landscape reduces fertilizers, which look like maintenance cost and effort because it requires less water, fertilizers, chemicals, pruning and mowing. charcoal briquets, get PRUNING buried around the drip-line All landscapes, however, require some maintenance. Prune plants of the plant. This reduces carefully, keeping in mind that excessive pruning will promote the possibility of fertilizer- growth, increasing the water required and waste produced. Most laden runoff. plants look best if allowed to maintain their natural growth habit. For more sustainable LAWN CARE landscape maintenance tips, Mow lawns with the mower at the highest setting to keep the roots use the “Gardener’s Check and soil cool, and reduce the amount of clippings. Compost List for Sustainable trimmings from your lawn and plants to produce a rich soil Landscape Maintenance”, amendment which also reduces fertilizer requirements. available at www.greengardener.org or WEEDING by calling (805) 568-3440. Keep weeds pulled; they compete with your landscaping for water.
  • 17. The person who hires a Certified Green Gardener will THE GREEN GARDENER have a professional with the CERTIFICATION PROGRAM knowledge and resources needed to make environmen- tally responsible, economi- The Green Gardener Certification Program is a regional program designed cally sound landscaping to offer education, training, certification and promotion of par ticipating decisions. gardeners and landscape maintenance professionals to: If you currently employ a Improve resource efficiency and reduce pollution on landscape sites. gardener who is not certified, Improve the health, appearance and value of landscapes for customers and site managers, and urge him or her to attend a Provide economic incentives to program participants, both gardeners and their clients. Green Gardener certification class. For more information This innovative certification program offers a new educational tool to help local agencies further their shared about the program, a class goal of promoting resource efficiency and reducing pollution in landscapes for Santa Barbara County. schedule, or the current list In order to be certified, gardeners attend a training session, offered in both English and Spanish, covering of Certified Green Gardeners, topics on sustainable landscaping practices, including non-point source pollution reduction, water efficiency, visit www.greengardener.org, integrated pest management, and reduction of air pollution emissions and green waste. or call 564-5460.
  • 18. NEED MORE INFORMATION? PLANT LISTS Local nurseries have a wide variety of low-water using plants. You can obtain plant lists from your local water purveyor. Be sure to seek as many information sources as possible for the widest variety of plants in your garden. Bougainvillea and iceplant need not be your water-saving mainstays! Check out www.sbwater.org for an interactive water-wise plant palette guide. Alice Keck Park Memorial Garden DEMONSTRATION GARDENS Corner of Micheltorena and Santa Barbara Many local water purveyors now have demonstration gardens, or can direct you to one in your community. Some Streets, Santa Barbara are simply a collection of water-saving plants, while other address issues such as design, irrigation, erosion control, and fire-resistant landscape design. Call your local water purveyor for more information on demonstration gardens. See the list on page 22. Goleta Water District Demonstration Garden 4699 Hollister Avenue, Santa Barbara Santa Maria Valley Sustainable Garden 624 West Foster Road, Santa Maria
  • 19. PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE You may wish to call in a professional during the planning, installation, or maintenance phases of creating your sustainable landscape. Titles can be confusing; the following will give you an idea of which professional you may want to consult. Landscape Architect: A landscape architect can design the entire landscape, including hardscape features (patios, decks, etc.) and the irrigation system. However, a landscape architect does not perform the actual installation of the landscaping. NOTE: A landscape architect or contractor must be tested and licensed by the state. Billy Goodnick Van Atta Associates Suding Design Landsca pe Contr actor : A landscape contractor can coordinate all phases of your Landscape Contractor actor: project – design, installation of the irrigation system, construction of hardscape features, and planting. The design may be done by the contractor or by a landscape architect. Gar dener : A gardener can maintain your garden and irrigation system once it is Gardener dener: completed. Generally, this person is not licensed to provide any design or installation services.
  • 20. REFERENCES Water purveyors often have a variety of brochures on sustainable landscaping principles. Call your local purveyor for free publications on topics ranging from efficient irrigation to tree maintenance and low-water using plants (see the list of Water Purveyors, following) or go to www.sbwater.org. Check your local library or bookstore for publications on sustainable landscape topics. Below is a list of some books you may find useful. Common Sense Pest Control, Olkowski, Darr, Olkowski; The Taunton Press, 1991. Drip Irrigation for Every Landscape and All Climates, Robert Kourik, Metamorphic Press, 1992. Create An Oasis With Greywater, Art Ludwig, Oasis Biocompatible Products, 1994. Sunset Western Garden Book, Lane Publishing Company, (latest edition). The Rodale Book of Composting, Deborah L. Martin & Grace Gershuny, Rodale Press, 1992. Billy Goodnick
  • 21. RESOURCES LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS Community Environmental Council, 930 Miramonte Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93109, (805) 963-0583; www.communityenvironmental council.org. Information on composting, natural pest control, water conservation. Demonstration garden on site. Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, (805) 683-4726: www.sbbg.org. Displays of native California plants; Home Demonstration Garden of water conserving native plants; books and garden publications; classes & tours. Horticulture Consortium of Santa Barbara, c/o City of Santa Barbara Parks & Recreation Department, P.O. Box 1990, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, (805) 564-5437 Green Gardener Certification Program, c/o City of Santa Barbara, P.O.Box 1990, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, (805) 564-5460; www.greengardener.org. Trains gardeners in resource efficient and pollution County Landscape and Design prevention maintenance techniques. Provides a list of certified gardeners. University of California Cooperative Extension, Santa Barbara County Office: 624 West Foster, Santa Maria, CA 93455 (805) 934-6240. Free and priced information on horticulture, erosion control, pests & diseases, soils, irrigation.
  • 22. Van Atta Associates Goleta Water District Demonstration Garden WATER PURVEYORS For information on water efficient landscaping and demonstration gardens, call your local water purveyor. All numbers are in the 805 area. City of Buellton .................................................................................................................. 688-5177 City of Guadalupe .......................................................................................................... 343-1340 City of Lompoc .................................................................................................................... 736-1261 City of Santa Barbara ............................................................................................... 564-5460 City of Santa Maria ...................................................................................................... 925-0951 City of Solvang ................................................................................................................... 688-5575 Carpinteria County Water District ........................................................... 684-2816 Cuyama Community Services District ................................................. 766-2780 Goleta Water District ................................................................................................. 964-6761 Los Alamos Community Services District ..................................... 344-4195 La Cumbre Mutual Water Company ....................................................... 967-2376 Mission Hills Community Services District ................................. 733-4366 Montecito Water District ...................................................................................... 969-2271 Santa Barbara County Water Agency .................................................. 568-3440 Santa Ynez River Water Conservation District ID#1 ..... 688-6015 Southern California Water Company ................................................... 937-2007 Vandenberg Village Community Services District ............ 733-2475
  • 23. INTERNET RESOURCES GENERAL PLANTS Backyard Wildlife Habitat www.nwf.org/backyardwildlifehabitat Las Pilitas Nursery (natives, Santa Margarita) www.laspilitas.com National Gardening Association www.garden.org San Marcos Growers www.sanmarcosgrowers.com (natives/low-water using, Santa Barbara) COMPOSTING Santa Barbara County Water Wise Plant List www.sbwater.org/PlantList.htm Composting Council www.compostingcouncil.org Theodore Payne Foundation (natives, Los Angeles) www.theodorepayne.org Cornell Composting Site www.cfe.cornell.edu/wmi/composting.html Tree of Life Nursery (natives, San Juan Capistrano) www.treeoflifenursery.com WATER HARVESTING/GREYWATER INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Greenbuilder.com www.greenbuilder.com/sourcebook/rainwater.html Integrated Pest Management Information Service www.efn.org/~ipmpa Oasis Designs www.oasisdesign.net UC Davis IPM Online axp.ipm.ucdavis.edu Rain Gardens clean-water.uwex.edu/pubs/raingarden/gardens.pdf LOCAL RESOURCES IRRIGATION Green Gardener Certification Program www.greengardener.org Center for Irrigation Technology www.wateright.org Santa Barbara Botanic Garden www.sbbg.org County of Santa Barbara Water Wise Website www.sbwater.org (landscape watering calculator) County of Santa Barbara Water Wise Website www.sbwater.org TURF & LAWN CARE DEMONSTRATION SITES Ecological Lawn care www.life.ca/nl/43/lawn.html Center for Regenerative Studies (Cal Poly Pomona) www.csupomona.edu/~crs
  • 24. CREDITS Coordinated by: Santa Barbara County Water Agency and City of Santa Barbara Public Works Department Produced and written by: Darcy Aston and Alison Jordan Designed by: Jan French Graphics With special thanks to: County Landscape and Design Billy Goodnick, Landscape Architect Van Atta Associates Landscape Architecture & Planning Suding Design Cover photos: (Main) Suding Design; (Upper side) County Landscape and Design; (Lower side) Van Atta Associates Revised and printed with support from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 2003 Printed on recycled paper