Autism and Assistive Technology

1. Spectronics Inclusive Learning Technologies Autism Masterclass

2. Amanda Hartmann Inclusive Technology Consultant  (Speech Pathologist)

3. What do you hope to learn today? Goals

4. I want to change your cycle..... Crazy or success?

5. OVERVIEW • What is Autism? • Technology • Communication • Behaviour • Social development • Questions

6. What is Autism? Part 1

7. Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Range of conditions that share common characteristics, including difficulties with communicating, problem solving and interacting.

8. ASD Communication Social development Behaviour

9. Behaviour Your student Social Development Communication

10. Early warning signs Seek advice if you see some or many of these behaviours: • Doesn't smile at familiar people • Doesn't respond to name • Doesn't easily engage in or even enjoy games • Doesn't use eye contact • Doesn't point to things • Doesn't understand instructions

11. Early warning signs, more... Seek advice if you see some or many of these behaviours: • Intense interest in narrow range of topics • Obsessed with one game or toy • Easily upset by change, demands routine • Unusual body movements • Extremely sensitive to sensory experiences • Seeks sensory stimulation

12. Functional assessment Needs Strengths Motivators Challenging behaviours

13. Translates... Into meaningful goals

14. Functional assessment • Look at the child in context, and the behaviour in a real context • What are the functions of the behaviour- what and why is the child achieving? • Plan and implement strategies

15. Behaviours • Make descriptions of behaviour specific • What exactly, when exactly, where? • Record frequency and duration • Record reactions and consequences to intervention

16. Functions of the behaviour... • Escape/ avoidance of a situation • Attention gained from the action • Getting access to a tangible item or activity • Automatic personal reinforcement or sensory input

17. spectronics.com.au/blog/tools-and-resources/sett

18. Other disability groups • Speech and language impairments • Physical impairments • Intellectual impairments • Learning difficulties • Sensory impairments

19. Overview of the Technology Part 2

20. Technology Currently being used: • Computers/ laptops • Specialised software • Websites • Mobile tablet technologies, eg iPad • Growing and expanding

21. Key principles to using technology for students with Autism • Must be VISUAL • Be implemented with positive behavioural supports • Must be functional, motivating and interactive

22. Technology Integrate use to: • Improve and develop a communication system • Assist development of social skills • Enhance ability to learn

23. Low tech Symbol cards Symbol boards Visual tools Sign language

24. Range of technology for communication Symbols Software Communication devices iPad apps

25. iPad revolution iPad craze iPad frenzy

26. • User-friendly • Engaging • Multi-Functional New technologies • Mobile and portable • Easily accessed • "Normal" • Motivating • Cost effective

27. Challenges and solutions... • Durability Solution: protective cases and coverings

28. Challenges and solutions... • Finding the right Apps/program's Solution: access blogs and websites that review apps, Autism Apps.

29. Challenges and solutions... • One size fits all? Solution: no quick fix, no single solution, team assessment and problem solving

30. Challenges and solutions... • Abandonment of other valuable strategies Solution: don't throw the baby out with the bath water.. The iPad is just one tool in our tool kit.

31. spectronics.com.au/blog/tools-and-resources/sett

32. Challenges and solutions... • ICT .... ie... It Can't Teach Solution: not the total solution, success relies on the teacher still teaching

33. Challenges and solutions... • Training and support Solution: funding to support ongoing and continuing professional development, access to the right training

34. Challenges and solutions... • Ongoing support to implement Solution: access to regular support services and therapies, collect and review data

35. Challenges and solutions... • iPad obsession and keeping kids on task Solution: Limited music, video and entertainment apps, Use within structured time limits, Use together, encouraging interaction and engagement, iOS 6 - Guided Access

36. REMEMBER.... Continue to support students: • With clear goals and objectives • While continuing to collect data • While reviewing what works and what doesn't • And stay flexible and ready to make changes on the run

37. Communication Part 3

38. Communication skills Affected in different ways • Significant delays in speaking, use and understand fewer words • Not speaking at all (nonverbal)

39. Communication In those children who do develop speech • Copy or echo words (echolalia) with no real meaning attached • Difficulty initiating communication • Talk about their special interests • Difficulty using language for a range of purposes • Use and understand a limited set of vocabulary

40. Goals • Increase use and understanding of words • Improve comprehension and listening skills • Develop and extend vocabulary • Develop and extend spoken language skills

41. Software plus To expand and support oral language • Practical examples • Clicker • Symwriter • Symbol activities- language activities, songs and stories

42. Language activities

43. Songs

44. Stories

45. Apps for oral language

46. Interactive apps • Create a car • Cookie doodle • My PlayHome • ClickySticky • Toca Tea Party

47. Structured learning apps • Special words • Splingo! • ABA flashcards • Speech with Milo

48. Sentence building apps • Sentences builder • Rainbow sentences • The bag game

49. Communication Nonverbal • Children with little or no speech • Need to be given alternative ways to communicate (commonly called AAC) • Devices and apps • Don't forget low tech • Multimodal approach

50. Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) Augmentative communication is the use of materials or techniques that supplement existing verbal abilities. Alternative communication is communication methods used by a person without any verbal ability. (Vanderheiden and Yoder, 1986)

51. Goals • Establish a system of communication • Present a range of modes as the person selects their preferred method

52. Before you do anything.... • Consult with team • Trial and test apps/devices if possible • Be prepared to invest time and money into programming, training team members and implementation

53. Tips for success.. • Specific Vocabulary selection and design • To be engaging, interactive, fun, motivating and purposeful • Modelling of device/ board/ book

54. Picture exchange Low tech Aided Language boards

55. Communication Devices Practical ideas and suggestions

56. IPads and Apps for AAC

57. Apps for AAC list http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/iphoneipad-apps-for-aac

58. Apps for AAC Symbol based • Proloquo2go • Sonoflex • Grid player • Sounding board • Alexicom

59. Apps for AAC Text-based • Verbally • Predictable

60. Apps for AAC Social communication • Pictello • Creative Book Builder

61. Behaviour Part 4

62. Behaviour Complex and variable • Prefer routines and sameness and dislike change • Meltdowns • Repetitive behaviours • Obsess over particular interest areas • Sensory challenges affect behaviours • Seek sensory stimulation

63. Behaviour supported with Visual tools

64. Benefits of visual tools • Provides positive behaviour support • Maintains routines and schedules but also can visually show when changes occur • Provides clear expectations • Steps within task are made clear • Keeps student on task • Allows team to use consistent language and provide consistent feedback to students

65. Visual tools are useful for: • Schedules, timetables and routines • Class rules • First -then • Visual timers • Rewards • Organising the environment

66. Created in... • Symwriter • Boardmaker • On iPad using variety of apps

67. Schedules

68. Schedules

69. Timetables

70. Rules

71. Rules

72. First - then

73. Apps for schedules, timetables, routines,class rules and first-then • Proloquo2Go • iCommunicate • Visual routines • iPrompts XL • Choiceworks • First Then

74. Visual Timers • APPS: • Bang! boom! Buzzer • Visual Timer • iPrompts XL • Time Timer • Sharing timer

75. Rewards • Low tech • iPad as the reward • App: iEarntThat • App: Token board

76. Rewards

77. Rewards

78. Organise the environment • Photos • Symbols • Pictello

79. Social development Part 5

80. Social development Early social interaction is difficult • Appear uninterested in social contact • Difficult to engage and interact with • Rarely show interest in others • May not respond to others • Little eye contact • Rarely chat or play with others

81. Goals for interaction • Engagement • Eye contact and interaction • Turn taking • Language stimulation • Listening and following directions • Requesting and commenting • Learning in a fun way!

82. Low tech/ no tech • Intensive interaction • Imitating • Following the child's lead • Motivators

83. Apps for interaction • Toca Boca • Sound Touch • Playschool Art Maker • Aunty Maggie's recipe • Stop & Go

84. Social development In those children who do develop speech • Difficulty using language appropriately in conversations • Difficulty understanding social rules and expected behaviours • Cannot initiate and maintain conversations • Difficulty making and keeping friends • Unable to effectively solve social problems and negotiate • Problems expressing and understanding feelings and emotions

85. Teaching Social skills requires: • Team determining target behaviours • Pre teaching of social skills in small groups, and in natural, familiar and real settings • Rewarding and recognising behaviours • Consistent feedback about behaviours • Feedback can be given immediately after a social error • Then reviewed at a calm and responsive time

86. SEE THINK DO SAY Build internal dialogue

87. Social Stories Visual, video, photo stories created for specific learning of specific social behaviours Originally developed by Carol Gray www.thegraycentre.org

88. Can be used: • To prepare someone for new events and experiences • To teach positive behaviour • To teach a new skill

89. The structure • 3 types of sentences • Descriptive - provide information • Perspective - describe internal states • Directive - tells the person what to do to be successful

90. Tips and tricks • Write from the individual's perspective • Write in present tense • Use positive language • One skill per story • Visual supports • Involve the person or their team

91. Tips for implementing • One at a time • Practice BEFORE the challenging situation occurs • Clear instructions for use • Consistent across all support • Review and revise

92. Create with • Clicker • PowerPoint • A variety of Apps: Pictello, Puppet Pals

93. Super low tech...

94. Super low tech....

95. Convert to symbols

96. Goals and target areas • Feelings • Friendships • Conversations • Conflict resolution • Classroom behaviour

97. Feelings • Recognising and identifying feelings • Expressing feelings • Handling feelings of anger, anxiety, stress

98. Friendships • Making friends • Maintaining friendships • Sharing, winning and losing • Eye contact, body language, talking and listening.

99. Conversations • Conversation rules • Initiating, maintaining and ending conversations • Topics • Taking turns • Asking questions

100. Conflict Resolution • Negotiation • Problem solving • Accept ways to resolve conflict • Choices when faced with conflict • Bullying and teasing

101. Classroom Behaviours • Listening and attention, following directions • Asking for help • When you don't understand • Interrupting • Asking permission • Answering questions

102. Apps for Social Skills

103. App suggestions • Emotions • Calm counter • Emotion x • Choiceworks • Smarty Pants • Conversation builder • My life skills box • Friends Book • Social skills builder • iPrompts XL

104. Questions Specific technology questions and solutions

105. Write 123...... • 1 thing you are going to do tomorrow that will make a difference immediately • 2 things that you are going to get more information on • 3 things that you are going show other people where you work

106. Apps for Special Education By the Spectronics Consultancy Team spectronics.com.au/blog/apple

107. Subscription spectronics.com.au/online

108. facebook.com/Spectronics twitter.com/Spectronics Spectronics.com.au/Blog

109. Spectronics Consultancy Team consultants@spectronics.com.au

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