BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION 5 B.ARCH (REG 2017) ANNA UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS . THE FOLLOWING PRESENTATION INCLUDES . TERMINOLOGY HISTORY COMPOSITION ARCHITECTURAL PAINTS WE APPLY PAINT FOR TYPES OF PAINTS CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS CHARACTERISTICS TYPES OF FAILURE CAUSES OF FAILURE ENAMEL PAINT DISTEMPER PAINT PLASTIC EMULSION PAINTS POLYURETHANE FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS LUMINOUS PAINTS BITUMEN PAINTS FINISHES IN PAINTS . PROPERTIES USES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES IMAGES

1. PAINTS AND FINISHES
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION - V
K HARSHAN KHUMAAR
SONIKA MATTA
SRIVIDHYA K

2. TERMINOLOGY:
Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable
or solid mastic (adhesive) composition
that, after application to a substrate in a
thin layer, converts into a solid film. It is
mostly commonly used to protect, color
and give texture to objects.

3. HISTORY
The 16th century saw the development of architectural painting as a
separate genre in Western art. The main centers in this period were
Flanders and the Netherlands. The first important architectural painter was
Dutch Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527-1607), who was both an architect
and a painter.
Color or paints has been with us for more than 20,000 years. Evidence
survives in early cave paintings and ancient Chinese are considered to have
brought its manufacture and use to a state of perfection tens of thousands
of years ago.
The earliest appearance of blue frit is as a pigment on a tomb painting at
Saqqara dated to 2900 BC, though its use became more popular in Egypt
around 2600 BC. Blue frit has also been uncovered in the royal tombs at Ur
from the Early Dynastic III period.

4. COMPOSITION
1. Pigment - to provide colour, hiding and control gloss.
2. Resin – the binder to hold the pigment particles together and provide adhesion to
the surface painted.
3. Solvent – to act as a carrier for the pigments and resin –the solvent may be organic
Or Inorganic (such as Mineral, Chemicals or water).
4. Additives – to enhance certain properties such as ease of brushing, mould resistance,
scuff resistance, drying and sag resistance

5. ARCHITECTURAL
PAINTS:
Air drying materials applied by brush
or spray to architectural and structural
surfaces and forms for decorative and
protective purposes

6. WE APPLY PAINT FOR...
Decoration, Protection, Identification, Sanitation
INTERIORS WALLS- Distemper, Luster, Enamel, Emulsion
METALS- Enamel
WOOD- Wood finish
EXTERIORS Emulsion Textured Cement
TYPES OF PAINTS

7. PAINTS IN COMMON USE ARE CLASSIFIED AS...
Oil paints Plastic paints
Cement paints Bituminous paints
Water paints Distemper paint
Epoxy paint Wood stain
Enamel Lacquer
Emulsion paint

8. CHARACTERISTICS
1. When applied to the surface, paint should form a thin film of uniform nature.
2. The colour of the paint should withstand the adverse environmental conditions for a long time.
3. It should be easily applicable with a brush or spraying devices.
4. It should have an attractive and pleasing appearance.
5. The surface of the paint should not show cracks after drying.
6. It should be elastic. i.e. must be able to withstand change in temperature.
7. It should have ideal resistance to corrosion and protect the material over which it is used.
8. It should possess good spreading or covering power, as it determines the cost.
9. No marks of roller or brush should be visible in the form of bubbles or stripes.
10. Paint must not allow moulds and algae to grow on it.
11. It should not have any joints visible in between.

9. TYPES OF FAILURE
Blistering of Paint
Bleeding
Blooming
Crazing
Flaking
Grinning
Loss of Gloss
Bad workmanship
Conditions of painting
Moisture
Salts and Alkalis
Unsuitable surfaces
Wrong choice of paints
Tools for painting
CAUSES OF FAILURE

10. ENAMEL PAINT
Enamel paint is paint that which air-dries to a hard, usually glossy,
finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject
to hard wear or variations in temperature; it should not be confused
with decorated objects in "painted enamel"
COMPOSITION
* addition of varnish in ordinary oil-based paint
* 90% solvent & binders, 10% pigments & additives
* solvents - hydrocarbons toluene, methyl ethyl ketone
*binders - vegetable oils, alkyds and acrylics, vinyl acrylics
*pigments - clay, calcium carbonate, mica, silica and talc
*additives - diatomaceous earth, talc, lime and barite

11. PROPERTIES:
● Withstand high temperature
● Waterproof
● Easy to clean
● Dries quickly
All Surface Enamel is designed for use on interior and
exterior wood, metal, drywall, and other surfaces. This
high quality coating provides excellent resistance to
weather and sunlight, maintaining its gloss and color.
The exceptional durability allows it to be used on doors,
trim, windows, and other hard wear areas.
satin, high-gloss
USES:
FINISHES:

12. ● Wide range of colour - Comes in a broad range
of colour.
● Extremely durable - Once hardened, it can last
for many years.
● Easy application - Its ability to dry quickly
when exposed to air.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
● Cost - More expensive compared to latex paint
● Potentially toxic - Have very strong odors that
are harmful ; Not environment-friendly
● Insoluble in liquid - Thinning and cleanup of
brushes, hands, etc., must be done with a
solvent such as mineral spirits or paint thinner.

13. DISTEMPER PAINT
The basic constituent of Distemper Paint is chalk, lime, and water.
Distemper Paint is also known as cement paint. This is called so
because such kind of paint can be applied directly on cement walls
without any other coating on them without using the primer. They are
a cheaper option and they stay good for more than 3 to 4 years.
Distemper Paints are used for both interior and exterior walls by
painters in Bangalore. They usually need two coatings.
Distemper paint is thin and not durable, but can be made
inexpensively and can achieve nearly any color.
• It is used as a cost effective Painting Solution.
• Used For Painting Interior Walls
TYPES : Acrylic and Synthetic

14. ACRYLIC DISTEMPER
● It is acrylic distemper of the highest quality and gives the
wall a delightful smooth matte finish. High Finish in
Distemper.
● Brands:-Asian Paints, Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British
Paint, Nippon etc.
● Sizes:-1kg,2kg,5kg,10kg,20kg
● Synthetic Distemper is water-based finished value for
Money Distemper. Low Finish in Distemper.
● Brands:- Asian Paints, Berger, Dulux, Nerolac, British
Paint, Nippon etc.
● Sizes:- 1kg,2kg,5kg,10kg,20kg
SYNTHETIC DISTEMPER

15. ● They can be applied on brickwork, cement
plastered surface, lime plastered surface etc.
● They are generally light in colour and they
provide a good reflective coating.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
● The coating of distemper are usually thick and
more brittle than other types of water paints.
● They exhibit poor workability.
● They prove to be unsatisfactory in damp
locations such as kitchen, bathroom, etc.

16. PLASTIC EMULSION PAINTS
● An emulsion paint has acrylic resin, (other resins too like Styrene-
Butadiene Latex, Poly Vinyl Acetate etc) in an emulsion form, acting as
a binder or adhesive on the surface.
● Any paint needs an adhesive which sticks to the surface. Acrylic resin in
this paint sticks to the surface and holds the other ingredients in place
after drying.
● A paint contains Pigments, (which give the color and protection from UV
light to it), Solvents (which either dissolve some portion or improve the
flow of paint) and finally various Additives (like anti skinning agent, anti-
settling agents and surface active agents.)
● The Emulsion paint give a smoother finish for your walls. This is an oil
based paint and it gives a shine to the walls. Being better in quality,
emulsions are a little costlier as compared to distemper paints.

17. ● Plastic emulsion paint is water based wall paint. When the paint dries, the
water evaporates and a film of binders, pigments and other solids is left behind.
● It is based on acrylic and provide a smooth matt finish to the walls. These
paints have gained popularity because of their ease of application, quick drying
properties, non-objectionable odour and good wash ability.
● One litre of plastic emulsion paint covers about 15 sqm of wall surface per
coat. For interior jobs, two coats of paint are sufficient, each coat having a
thickness of about 0.04mm.
Following are the important guidelines for the use of plastic emulsion paints :
APPLICATION: It is observed that the plastic emulsion paints are widely used
for interior jobs in our country because they cannot resist effectively the attack
of enemies of paints such as salts, dust and gases carried by air, sunlight, fog,
rain, rise and fall of temperature, etc.

18. BASE SURFACE : The success of paint will depend on the quality of plaster and
characteristics of base surface. The surface to be painted should be cleaned of all
dust particles and rubbed with sandpaper, if necessary.
BRUSHES : The application of these paints should be done with clean brushes or
sponge rollers. These paints possess good flow properties and hence the brush
marks are automatically levelled off giving beautiful, uniform and washable
surface in a short time.
COLOUR OF PAINTS : If dark colour plastic emulsion paints are required, they
should be used as made by the manufacturers. For light colour paints, a white
emulsion with certain other colours known as tinters, may be added to the paints
made by the manufacturers.
DILUTING THE PAINT : These paints are usually supplied with thick
consistency. In a general way, it can be stated that half litre extra water will be
required for the first coat and quarter litre extra water for the second coat.

19. MOISTURE RESISTANCE: These paints allow moisture to evaporate through minute pores. But even
then, it is desirable to allow 4 months, preferably one year, for moisture to escape from fresh masonry
and fresh plaster.
NATURE OF SURFACE : The plastic binders need not require a rough surface for adhesion and the
even stick to a smooth surface. However the initial roughening of surface before the application of first
coat is necessary to remove dust, salts, etc. A good plastic emulsion paint would not colour a moist cloth
when rubbed on the painted surface.
WASHING : It is desirable to wash the painted surfaces with wet cloth lightly at least once in a month.
If not, the dust particles would adhere to the surface and the paint may lose its good appearance.

20. POLYURETHANE
In paint, the polyurethane polymer offers a tough and durable coating that is highly
resistant to extremes of weather – intense sun, wind and precipitation. The
polyurethane also allows the paint to be formulated to higher gloss levels, offering a
beautiful and consistent finish. The higher gloss level also allows improved “self-
cleaning” – that is, dirt and dust washes off during rain, and residual dirt can be easily
removed by detergent and water. Graffiti can also be removed from the smooth
surface using proprietary cleaning agents. Therefore, a polyurethane based paint is
generally the best option for the long-term protection and decoration of a wide range
of substrates.

21. USES
Polyurethane coatings have been used for many years as the finish coat in industries such as: automotive and
commercial transport vehicles, offshore and onshore oil & gas structural steel, vessels, accommodation
modules, pipeline externals, retail and commercial architectural and structural steelwork, panelling, furniture,
balusters, infrastructure, including bridges and tunnels, and bulk storage tank externals.
CHARACTERISTICS AND BENEFITS:
● They can be very hard and strong, providing exceptional wear resistance. They can also be more soft and
ductile, so that the base material is allowed to stretch without destroying the coating.
● Polyurethane coatings are not flammable, so they can be used for some situations where combustion is
occurring in the same environment. Care must be taken to limit the exposure of a polyurethane coating to
ultraviolet light because it can cause the coating to degrade.
● Polyurethane coatings are notable for their ability to adhere very well to a wide variety of base materials.
Many polyurethane coatings require no additional processing to cure. They are simply applied and cure
upon exposure to moisture in the air.
● Some polyurethane coatings also have very fast setting times, and can be applied and set in a broad range
of temperatures. They can be sprayed or rolled onto a base material.

22. FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS
The fire-retardant paint helps to prevent fire
spreading rapidly, as it contributes flame and smoke
not to spread. Fire-retardant paint is essential
especially when it comes to residential buildings,
since containing fire allows people inside the
building to have more time to leave it.
It is important to differentiate fire retardant paint
from intumescent paint. The first one avoids the
spread of the flame, while the second one reacts
when there is an increase in temperature in the
building by swelling and creating a thick layer of
foam that insulates the elements that cover it,
containing the fire and preventing it from damaging
the structure of the building.

23. FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS
The main characteristics of fire-retardant paint are as follows:
● It reduces flammability and combustion of building materials it coats.
● Fire-retardant paint does not prevent fires from occurring, but delays the expansion of fires.
● There are different types and, depending on each type, it can be applied on metal, wood, lacquered surfaces, etc.
● It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor surfaces.
● It can be applied with spray gun, brush or roller.
For The Protection Of:
Roof Decks, Acoustical Ceiling Tile, Cellar Ceilings, Wooden Wainscoting in Stairways and Hallways, Walls, Doors, Plywood and Wallboard
Partitions, Structural Steel Members, Piers, Electrical and Communication Cables, Mass Transit People Movers, Aircraft Engine Firewalls, Ship
Bulkheads, and other surfaces requiring fire protection.
Used By:
Most public buildings: Schools, Colleges, Nursing and Old Age Homes, Child Care Centers, Hospitals, Penal Institutions, Apartments, Hotels,
Factories, Warehouses, Retail Stores, Restaurants, Utilities, Railroad and other Transportation Companies, Oil and Chemical Installations and
Military Installations.

24. LUMINOUS PAINTS
Luminous paint is paint that exhibits luminescence. In other words, it gives off visible light through fluorescence,
phosphorescence, or radioluminescence. Luminous simply means giving off light. According to the structure which has been
applied, luminous paints can give back the light during 1-24 hours when the electricity cut or in dark.
There are three types of luminous paints :
1. Radioluminescent paint
2. Phosphorescent paint
3. Fluorescent paints

25. LUMINOUS PAINTS
Radioluminescent paint
Radioluminescent paint is a self-
luminous paint that consists of a small
amount of a radioactive isotope
(radionuclide) mixed with a
radioluminescent phosphor chemical.
Radioluminescent paint may still be
preferred in specialist applications,
such as diving watches.
Phosphorescent paint
Phosphorescent paint is commonly
called “glow-in the- dark” paint. It is
made from phosphors such as silver-
activated zinc sulfide or doped
strontium aluminate, and typically
glows a pale green to greenish-blue
color. This type of paint has been used
to mark escape paths in aircraft and
for decorative use such as “stars”
applied to walls and ceilings. It is an
alternative to radioluminescent paint.
Fluorescent paints
Fluorescent paints offer a wide range
of pigments and chroma which also
'glow' when exposed to the long-wave
"ultraviolet" frequencies (UV). These
UV frequencies are found in sunlight
and some artificial lights, but they—
and their glowing-paint
applications—are popularly known as
black light and 'black-light effects',
respectively.

26. LUMINOUS PAINTS
The main uses are as below:
● Photoluminescent sheet,
● Photoluminescent tape,
● Military instrument,
● Emergency signs,
● Plastic molding,
● Ceramic tiles,
● Road signs,
● Watches.
For countries that currently have limited access to
electricity, luminous paints can be offered as an
alternative solution in daily life.
In brief; they can be used to produce luminous
products with good indicating and beautifying effects
in darkness.

27. ● Bitumen paint is suited to many different applications
because of its weatherproofing, corrosion resistance
and adhesive properties. It is primarily used as a
protective coating for buildings, structures and items
constructed from iron, steel, concrete, masonry and
wood.
● Bitumen Paint is a mixture of bitumen with white sprit
including stabilizer additives and viscosities stuff. The
bitumen paint is used as prime coat and sealant.
● Bituminous paint is strong, waterproof, durable and
economical. It resists manufacturing harsh chemicals
and UV light. It also protects surfaces from rust.
How apply bitumen paint on surface :
● When you are applying bitumen paint on the surface, it should
be free of dust and debris. The surface should be free of oil and
moisture before using.
● It is better to wait 4-12 hours to get fully.
USES OF BITUMINOUS PAINT
● Bituminous Paints are alkaline resistant hence it is used for
underwater structure, weather protecting steel work,
waterproofing, wood, concrete and potable water tanks.
● It is also used for any exterior metal work and iron work such
as fire escapes, ladders, gutters, down pipes, railings, fences
and gates, etc.It is used to coat ferrous metals, non-ferrous
metals and other construction materials, even in marine
environments.
● It is a flexible coating solution that can be used both above and
below ground.
BITUMEN PAINTS

28. BITUMEN PAINTS
BITUMEN PAINT WATERPROOF :
It is used for waterproof, weatherproof, corrosion
resistant protective coating. It is resistant to low
concentrations of alkalis and acids and can
withstand prolonged oxidation. It is useful for use
with portable drinking water tanks and wood
against water attack.
BITUMEN PAINT ON STEEL :
Resistant to low concentrations of alkalis and acids
and withstands prolonged oxidation. Suitable for
steel, lead, zinc, aluminium
BITUMEN PAINT CONCRETE :
Bitumen paint concrete is a type of coating used to
build a vapor-proof and flexible protective coat in
accordance with its formulation and
polymerization grad.

29. FINISHES IN PAINTS
A paint’s finish, or “sheen” refers to the surface texture the
paint creates as well how much light bounces off of the
painted surface — both of which can affect the way the eye
perceives color. Simply put, paints with a sheen reflect light
and paints without a sheen absorb light. Paint sheen types
can be organized into two broad categories:
● Flat or matte paints absorb more light than they
reflect, so they have no sheen.
● Semi-gloss and gloss paints reflect light, giving
them a bright, shiny finish. While semi-gloss and
gloss paints require more prep work and sanding
than their matter counterparts to ensure a smooth
application, paints with a glossy finish can be
scrubbed once dry and are easy to clean.

30. PAINT FINISHES
MATTE FINISH
● is the least reflective sheen
available.
● has a velvety texture.
● helps hides imperfections in
walls and ceilings.
● offers great depth of color.
● is generally considered the
standard sheen for walls.
● can sometimes be difficult to
clean.
EGGSHELL & SATIN FINISH
● have some reflectivity.
● offer improved durability.
● are frequently used in
demanding environments, like
kitchens and bathrooms, where
easy cleanup without a highly
glossy finish is desired.
GLOSSY FINISH
● great for kitchens, doors, window
trim, accent walls, and bathrooms.
● are the most reflective sheens.
● are highly durable and stand up to
multiple cleanings.
● are traditionally used on
baseboards, moldings, and doors.
● can make a statement, but also
highlight imperfections.