2. Announcements
• Fri, Feb 17 @ 12:40 pm Field Trip to Islamic Community Center
2515 W Orangewood near I-17.
• Sun, Feb 19 @ 11:59 pm Quiz 3 due
• Sun, Feb 19 @ 11:59 pm Islam Essay due
4. Islam Essay
Write an essay on a branch, movement, or school of
thought of Islam. (Ex. Shi’a, Sunni, Su
fi
, Nation of Islam)
5. Islam Essay
Introduction (5 pts)
• One paragraph
• Introduce the branch, sect, or movement
• Write ONE comprehensive, boring, thesis statement
6. Islam Essay
Part 1 — Demography/Geography (10 pts)
• One paragraph
• How many members?
• Where are most of them?
• Give a chart or map
• cite an academic source for your facts with location
7. Islam Essay
Part 2 — History or Biography (10 pts)
• One paragraph
• Describe its history
• Short Bio of the founder if it has one
• Cite an academic source & location for the info
8. Islam Essay
Part 3 — Beliefs (15 pts)
• One paragraph
• Identify & describe 3 core beliefs or practices speci
fi
c to
movement
• Please do NOT review general Muslim beliefs
• Cite an academic source and location for this info.
9. Islam Essay
Part 4 — Organization or Mosque (15 pts)
• One paragraph
• Find a Mosque, School, or organization from this branch
of Islam. Some branches only have organizations.
• Identify it, and report where it is and what their mission
is, and who their leader is or CEO
• Cite the website of the Mosque, school, or organization.
10. Islam Essay
Part 5 — Re
fl
ect & Discuss (10 pts)
• One paragraph
• Compare and contrast the beliefs/practices from a Christian
Worldview point, and cite a Scripture
• Or, what do you agree with? What do you disagree with?
• Or, alternatively how would you sensitively engage a member
of this branch or movement?
11. Islam Essay
Conclusion (5 pts)
• One paragraph
• Tell the read what you just said.
• Do NOT introduce new facts, just re-summarize.
17. Muslims in the World
24.2% of the global population in 2020
World Religion Database. (2020). https://worldreligiondatabase.org
18. World Religions
Christianity 32.16%
Islam 24.20%
Hinduism 13.58%
Buddhism 6.83%
Chinese Folk 5.98%
World Religion Database. (2020). https://worldreligiondatabase.org
19. Muslims in the World
1.89 billion Muslims Worldwide
4.56 million Muslims in United States
50k - 60k Muslims in Arizona
https://worldreligiondatabase-org
https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/08/15/arizona-muslims-one-perception-many-faces/
20. 50,000 - 60,000 in Arizona
https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2016/08/15/arizona-muslims-one-perception-many-faces/
21. Muslims in the World
20% in Middle East
62% in Asia-Paci
fi
c
10% Europeans will be Muslim by 2050
https://worldreligiondatabase-org
22. Muslims in the United States
• 56% of American Muslims immigrated after 2000
• 82% of Muslims are US citizens
• 42% of American Muslims were US-born
25. Country of Origin Percentage %
United States 42
South Asia 20
Mideast 14
Africa 5
Europe 2
Country of Origin
26. Portrait of Muslim Americans
58% Muslim Americans were born abroad
42% Muslim Americans were born in the US
82% Muslim Americans are US Citizens
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/
27. When did Muslim Americans Immigrate?
2% - 1970
6% 1970 - 1980
10% 1980 - 1990
19% 1990 - 2000
33% 2000 - 2009
26% 2010 - 2017
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/07/26/demographic-portrait-of-muslim-americans/
28.
29. What can you say about the Muslim
community in the United States?
30. What can you say about the Muslim
community in the United States?
• Muslim Americans are no longer a community of immigrants
• Muslim Americans are established Americans
• Muslim American Culture values learning and hard work
• Muslim Americans are upwardly mobile
49. Muhammed’s Upbringing
• Father (Abdullah) died before he was born
• Mother (Amina) died when he was a child
• Uncle (Abu Talib) raised him, later be heir
• Wife (Khadija) married in 595, 30 years older than him
50. Muhammed’s Life
• Two Sons died
• Four daughters became heirs
• Became a camel driver in Mecca
• Watered camels for pilgrims to Ka’aba
• Seemed to already be religious
52. Muhammed’s Revelation 610 AD
• Prayed and meditated in Cave of Hira
• Received revelation from Angel Gavriel (Gabriel)
• Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Power)
• Angel commanded: “Recite!”
• But Muhammed was illiterate
56. Medina
622 - 632 AD
King of Medina protected him
Converted to Islam
Islam grew
Islamic Law developed
Mosque of the Prophet
57. Sharia Law
Established in Medina Sharia Law
Arabic "the clear, well-trodden path
to water”
Religious Civil Laws
Mosque of the Prophet
58. Different Origins
Judaism — developed as religion of exiles
Christianity — developed as counter-culture religion
Islam — developed as a State Religion
59. Different Origins
Judaism — practices as refugees in exile
Christianity — Beliefs of community in opposition to culture
Islam — State Religion with civil as well as religious law
70. How Texts formalize Language
• Tanach (Old Testament) formalized Hebrew language
• Works of Cicero (70 BC - 14 AD) formalized Latin
• Shakespeare & King James Bible formalized Modern English
• Quran (7th Century) formalized Arabic Language
76. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
• Protects Dhimmis (non-Muslims)
• Prohibits rebuilding churches/synagogues
• Churches/Synagogues lower than mosques
• Dhimmis must pay Jizya
• Prohibits evangelism
• Prohibits public religious celebrations
77. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
• Prohibits public displays of crosses
• Prohibits loud sounds (ex. Call to worship)
• Prohibits stopping a conversion to Islam
• Prohibits imitating Muslims
• Requires Dhimmis rise in presence of Muslim
78. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
• Christians to wear blue belts or turbins
• Jews to wear yellow belts or hats
88. How did Islam Spread (632 - 750)
Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews given a choice
1. Submit to the Pact of Omar
2. Become Dhimmis (subjects) and pay the Jizya (tax) or
3. Convert to Islam or
4. Be Killed
112. Modernization of the Islamic World
• Women’s rights
• Modern
fi
lm and TV
• Popular Music
• Democratic Institutions
• Popular Dress and culture
113. Rise of Modern Arab Nationalism
• Modernization in Islamic Countries
• Arab nationalism
• Secular Arab Governments
• Emergence of secular dictatorships
114. Political Polarization in Islamic World
• Global Cold War
• Pressure to align with Soviet Union or the
United States
•
121. Rise of Islamic Extremism
1. Reaction to Modern Culture
2. Reaction to Secular Governments
3. Reaction to Political Pressure from Cold War Super Powers
122. Rise of Islamic Extremism
• Reaction to the State of Israel
• Perceived as a Western Foothold in Islamic World
138. Six Articles of Faith
1. Belief in One God
2. Belief in Angels
3. Belief in the Prophets
4. Belief in the Resurrection and Final Judgment
5. Belief in the Holy Books
6. Belief in Divine Decree
139. Belief in One God
Allah, who is indivisible, incomparable
to men or women, not begotten, and
not a trinity
140. Belief in Angels
Angels created from light
Angels have no free will
Angels created for task or purpose
Jin created from
fi
re
Jin have free will
Bad Jin follow Satan
Good Jin operate in the world
141. Belief in the Prophets
God sent men & women prophets
including Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus),
and His last prophet, Muhammad.
142. Belief in Resurrection
and Final Judgement
All men & women will die, and rise
again in the resurrection after which
they will face judgement
143. End Times
• Signs of the End times: Immorality, crime, callousness
• Coming of the Mahdi (Guided One)
• Unite Muslims
• Isa will return & rule
• Satan will be killed
• Resurrection of the Dead
• Day of Judgement
144. Belief in the Holy Books
Allah revealed Himself in the Old
Testament, New Testament, and the
Quran. Only the Quran is the divine
Word of God that has not been
corrupted.
145. Belief in the Divine Decree
Allah ordained certain things in life
All things happen according to the Will
of Allah. Men and women’s duty is to
accept His will.
152. Adhan (Call to worship)
Allahu akbar Allah is great
Ashadu an la ilaha illa llah I bear witness there is no god but Allah
Ashadu ‘Anna Muhmmadan rasulu illah I bear witness that Muhammad is Allah’s prophet
Chayya ‘ala s-salah Hasten to prayer!
Chayya ‘ala I-falah Hasten to salvation
As-salatu khayrun mina n’nawa prayer is better than sleep
Allahu ‘akbar Allah is great
la ilaha illa llah. There is no god but Allah
156. Ramadan
• Sat., April 2 — Mon, May 2, 2022
• Fast, and Restraint (ex. No movies, dance, intimacy)
• Allah gave
fi
rst chapters of Quran to Muhammad in 610
161. The Duties of a Muslim
• Duty to Parents: Honoring family and parents
• Duty to Others
• Duty to Neighbor
• Justice
• Care for the Earth
• Care for Animals
165. Quran
114 Surahs (Chapters)
Each chapter has Ayat (Verses)
Begins with Bismillah
“In the name of Allah”
Ordered in size, not chronology
166. 1. In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -
3. The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
4. Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.
5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help
6. Guide us to the straight path-
7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those
who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.
Quran 1:1–7
170. Sacred Story
1. God called Abraham,
fi
rst monotheist
2. Ishmael, not Isaac, was Abraham’s Heir
3. Ishmael traveled to Mecca where Abraham built the Ka’aba
4. God sent prophets, all rejected
5. Gabriel appeared to Muhammad,
fi
nal prophet
6. Resurrection at the end of time and
fi
nal battle
7. Final judgement of the world
173. Sunni Islam
• 89 - 90% of Muslims
• Abu Bakr Siddique Caliph
• Await the Mahdi, true successor
• Imam is only a religious leader
• Followers do not need intermediary
174. Shi’a Islam
• 200 Million followers
• Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Syria
• Ali ibn Talib was divine successor
• Imam religious & community leader
• Imam decides meaning of Quran
175. Ibadi Islam
• Oman
• Claims they pre-date Sunni & Shi’a
• God will not show himself Judgement day
• Do not need community leader a
176. Ahmadiyya Islam
• East Africa, Southeast Asia
• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835 - 1908)
• Ahmad was newest prophet
• Renewal movement
• Beliefs similar to Sunni
177. Su
fi
sm Islam
• Turkey, Iran, Greece, Balkans
• Follow Ali Ibn Talib (successor)
• Puri
fi
cation of the Inner Self
• Personal, mystical experience with Allah
• Cross-denominational movement
178. Bahai
• Persia in 1844
• Taught God would send a new prophet
The Bab (1819 - 1850)
179. Bahai
• Baha’ullah claimed to be that prophet.
• In 1863 declared he was the new prophet
• Was thrown in jail
Baha’ullah. (1817-1892)
180. Bahai
• Abdul-Bahai (son) in 1908 traveled to
Europe and the US teaching.
• Established Bahai religion
181. Bahai
• Today about 5-8 million adherents to Bahai
• Claims to unite all the world religions
182. Wahhabism
• 1703-1792
• Founded Wahhabi Islam
• Reaction to Modern Culture
• Return to Strict Islam
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
184. Wahhabism
Sunni, Reform movement that sought
to purge medieval practices such as
venerating Muslim saints, and
sacred shrines.
Return to 7th century Islam as they
believed it to be.
Jihadist Movement
Taliban in Afghanistan
194. Cultural Values
• Male dominate (women subordinate roles)
• Collectivist (not individual)
• High Uncertainty avoidance
195. Cultural Values
• Giving to charity
• Modesty and conservative dress
• Hospitality and generosity
• Respect all religion and tradition
196. Sensitivities
• Israel and their occupation of the territories
• Palestinians and autonomy
• Dietary restrictions
• Social interaction of men with women
• Modest dress (especially women)
197. Sensitivities
• Movies, music, celebration (ex. Alcohol)
• Avoid depictions of Muhammed
• Never criticize Muhammed or the Quran
• Don’t put the Quran on the
fl
oor!
