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The Science of Microbiology Classification of Organisms Chapter 1 Microbiology Liberty Senior High Mr. Knowles
Two Main Forms of Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],EUKARYOTIC CELL Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Nucleus (contains DNA) 1 µm PROKARYOTIC CELL DNA  (no nucleus) Membrane Figure 1.8
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial Flagellum Flagellin Protein
Eukaryotic Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
9 + 2 System of Eukaryotes ,[object Object],9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia of  Paramecium. The cilia of  Paramecium propel the cell through pond water. Cross section of cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope 15  µm 1.0  µm 5  µm Cilia of windpipe cells.  The cells that line the human windpipe are equipped with cilia that help keep the lungs clean by moving a film of debris-trapping mucus upward. Figure 1.16
[object Object],Species    Genus    Family    Order    Class  Phylum  Kingdom  Domain  Mammalia Ursus ameri- canus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Chordata Animalia Eukarya Figure 1.14
[object Object],Figure 1.15 100 µm 0.5 µm 4 µm Bacteria  are the most diverse  and widespread prokaryotes  and are now divided among multiple  kingdoms. Each of the rod-shaped structures in  this photo is a bacterial cell. Protists  (multiple kingdoms) are unicellular eukaryotes and  their relatively simple multicellular relatives.Pictured here is an assortment of protists inhabiting pond water. Scientists are currently debating how to split the protists into several kingdoms that better represent evolution and diversity.  Kingdom Plantae  consists of  multicellula eukaryotes that carry  out photosynthesis, the conversion  of light energy to food. Many of the prokaryotes known  as  archaea  live in Earth‘s  extreme environments, such as salty lakes  and boiling hot springs. Domain Archaea  includes multiple kingdoms. The photo shows a colony composed of many cells. Kindom Fungi  is defined in part by the nutritional mode of its members, such as this mushroom, which absorb  nutrientsafter decomposing organic  material. Kindom Animalia  consists of  multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms. DOMAIN ARCHAEA
The Three Domains of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bacteria Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Archaea Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Show me the “ancient bacteria”-  Kingdom Archaebacteria. Video:  Intimate Strangers- The Tree of Life .
Eukarya Domain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bacteria Kingdom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Archaea Kingdom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Protista Kingdom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fungi Kingdom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Animalia Kingdom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plantae Kingdom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How Do We Group Microorganisms? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Question of the Day! Who was the  first  microbiologist?
Holy Moses! ,[object Object],[object Object]
Hippocrates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bubonic Plague (Black Death) ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Xenopsylla cheopis
 
Show me more of the Black Death! Video:  Secrets of the Dead- The Mystery of the Black Death
 
Bubonic and Septicemic Plague
The First Case of Biological Weapons? Caffa
Flagellism and Anti-Semitism
Robert Hooke ,[object Object],[object Object]
Hand-drawn images from  Micrographia , published in 1665, Robert Hooke
Hooke’s First Microscope
Anton von Leewenhoek
Leewenhoek ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schleiden and Schwann ,[object Object]
Germ Theory ,[object Object]
Spontaneous Generation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Francesco Redi, 1626-1697 ,[object Object]
 
Francesco Redi ,[object Object]
John Needham, 1713-1781 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Needham and “Vital Atoms” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lazzaro Spallanzani, 1729-1799 ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Needham and others vitalists reply… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Salamander Limb Regeneration Retrieved from  http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~mrjc/ , September 28, 2004
What Spallanzani Might Have Seen! Retrieved from  http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~mrjc/ , September 28, 2004
Louis Pasteur
Pasteur and Tyndall ,[object Object]
Pasteur’s Swan-necked Flask Experiment
 
Pasteur and the Swan-Necked Flask
Louis Pasteur ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Robert Koch
Robert Koch ,[object Object],[object Object]
Koch’s Postulates Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Step 4.
Koch’s Postulates ,[object Object],[object Object]
Koch’s Postulates ,[object Object],[object Object]
Still use Koch’s Postulates Today! The Story of Lyme Disease- Borrelia burgdorferi Video:  Parasites-The Body Snatchers , #96
Ignaz Semmelweis-The Father of Sanitary Practices
Ignaz Semmelweis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Joseph Lister ,[object Object],[object Object]
The First Vaccines Came Out of an Epidemic! The Story of Smallpox Video:  Plagues:  The Smallpox Curse ,  #36
Smallpox Skin Lesions
How Do We Protect Ourselves?  Immunology ,[object Object]
Smallpox and Edward Jenner ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sarah Nelmes- Cow Pox Lesion and James Phipps
Edward Jenner- Ethics are Relative?
Eli Metchnikoff ,[object Object],[object Object]
Virology and Beijerinck ,[object Object],[object Object]
Viruses and Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Viruses and Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object]

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