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Division of Indian Affairs presents
                D         f I d Aff


“Utah’s American Indian Education Crisis”




Information Series
Failure

In the past, attempts have been made
   to help Indian People, but those
   attempts hhave b
                  been b d upon
                       based
 prescribed methods of helping white
              A
              Americans.

Those “one size fits all” methods don’t work.
Education C i i
                Ed   ti Crisis

Indian student dropout rates in rural
 areas range from 60-80% statewide.
                  60-
 The current state of education for Indian
      children is appalling. They are
    consistently at the bottom of every
standardized test given to Utah’s children.
Iowa T
        I    Test S
                  Scores for U h
                         f Utah
              Grade 3 2006

                      White                                                  68
   Children with Disabilities                           42
            Pacific Islander                                      52
                   Hispanic                             43
 English Language Learners                              43
Economically Disadvantaged                                         54
                       Asian                                                 68
           American Indian                               45
          African American                                        51

                                0   10   20   30   40        50         60   70   80   90   100
Iowa T
       I    Test S
                 Scores for U h
                        f Utah
             Grade 5 2006
                      White                                             67

   Children with Disabilities                      35

            Pacific Islander                                 47
                   Hispanic                        36
 English Language Learners                          39

Economically Disadvantaged                                        52

                       Asian                                            68
           American Indian                              41

          African American                                   47

                                0   10   20   30   40        50    60   70   80   90   100
Iowa T
     I    Test S
               Scores for U h
                      f Utah
           Grade 8 2006
                       White                                           61
  Children w ith Disabilities                 25
            Pacific Islander                             44
                       p
                    Hispanic                        38
English Language Learners                          37
Econom ically Disadvantaged                                  47
                       Asian                                           63
           Am erican Indian                        35
          African Am erican                             41

                                0   10   20   30   40        50   60        70   80   90   100
Iowa Test Scores for Utah
            Grade 11 2006

                      White                                            62
   Children with Disabilities                 25
            Pacific Islander                             43
                   Hispanic                         38
 English Language Learners                         37
Economically Disadvantaged                                   47
                       Asian                                           63
           American Indian                         35
          African American                              41

                                0   10   20   30   40        50   60    70   80   90   100
Self Reliance

  Once, American
  Once
  Indians were fully
  self reliant people


   Will we be s lf reliant again someday?
           b self li t g i so d ?
Cultural Differences

                Typically, American Indians
                are right brain dominant,
                allowing for a culture rich in
                creativity and history. Right
                Brain dominance lends itself
                to a prolific oral tradition
                which has produced great
 Sitting Bull
 S       B ll
                communicators.
Cultural Differences
      Cowboys                   Indians
   Patriarchal            Matriarchal
   Scientific             Spiritual
   Linear                 Holistic
   Competitive            Cooperative
   Ownership of land      Land held in common
   Control of nature      Harmony with nature
   Analytical
         y                 Creative
   Hierarchy              Egalitarian
Ways to assist
Past efforts have been to eliminate
right brain learning all together

                     Goal should be
                    establish balance
                  and utilization of all
                   parts of the mind
Information Processing
   Many culturally different people process
 information differently. Consequently, any
   instructional methods and programs that
  emphasize psycho-motor development or
              psycho-
techniques that open passages or neurological
          pathways are most effective.
Programs that Help
   g             p

 Brain Gym
 Auditory Discrimination Endepth
 Glen Doman ICPD methods
 Brain Train
Other Effective approaches

      Small student teacher ratios
      Gaming g
      keyboarding
Achievement Gap

These cultural differences contribute
 to the education achievement gap
  which contributes to problems in
                        p
         Indian communities
Cycle of Defeat
Social Dysfunction:
         y                                Highly complex
                                            g y      p
  economic plight,                      governmental and
 criminal behavior,                 corporate business models
  substance abuse
            abuse,                    launched without an
                                         educated/trained
maladministration
                                            workforce

                   Mismanagement,
                     Delinquency,
                Negligence, Exploitation
Pyramid of Success
        Business
      Development
            p
   Quality Management
      & Governance
    Leadership & Community
         Development
         D l

EDUCATION - Foundation
Indian Education
 Innovative Programs
 I di
  Indian Ed
         Education R
                 i Research & L
                          h Learning
                                  i
  Theory
 Curriculum Development
 Elementary and Secondary Teacher
  Training
         g
 Leadership/Empowerment Training
 Financial Assistance to
  Schools/Scholarships
Leadership
    L d hi
    Focus

   Interpersonal Skills Development for Tribal
    Leaders and potential future Tribal Leaders

   Determination of Community Readiness
Governance
Strengthen management skills:
  • Personnel policies and procedures
  • Financial policies and procedures
  •P
   Property and supply management
              d     l
  • Single Audit Requirements
  • Indirect Cost principles
  • Reporting via performance and financial report
    writing
Business skills training
Technical and professional assistance to
tribes in the following areas:
    marketing analysis
    feasibility plans
    business plans
    trouble-shooting business failure
     trouble-
    long range economic development
     planning
    financing information (federal, state, and
     private sources), and affordable housing.
Choctaw Model of Success

                                1969
   Average schooling 6th grade l
    A         h li           d level
                                   l
          No education offered after 10th grade and no kindergarten
   70% without basic housing needs covered
                            g
          No running water or indoor plumbing, homelessness high
   80% unemployment rate – those employed are
    sharecroppers
          $600 average yearly income
   Alcoholism, teen pregnancy, substance and domestic abuse
    commonplace
Building a Foundation
                    1969-1985
 Put in their own superintendent and restructured
  P i h i                i     d       d           d
  education and standardized curriculum
 Opened adult education program
    Taught classes in Family life, home
     management, thrift and economy, agricultural
           g       ,                   y, g
     science, preservation of wildlife and natural
     resources
OOpened Y h R h bili i Center
          d Youth Rehabilitation C
Industry
                   1979 - 1995
   Planned 30 acre industrial park
   Established Chahta Enterprise as supplier for
    Packard Electric
   American Greetings opened a plant
   Choctaw Manufacturing opened
   Printing/direct mail/telemarketing firm
   American Plastics
   Silver Star Casino (most recent economic
    development)
    d    l        )
Today
 2nd largest employer in State of Mississippi
 12,000 jobs; 172.6 million payroll taxes
  12 000         172 6
 5.8 mil property tax
 Prestigious Hammer award for outstanding
  education reform
 85% speak Choctaw as their primary language,
                                             g g
  English second
 Bok Chitto Elementary selected to be a world
  finalist for International schools Cyberfair
  fi li t f I t       ti   l h l C b f i
Ending Statements

   Indian youth are our greatest resource
                          Anonymous

   If we lose this generation, we lose the past
                    generation
                          Leland Pubigee (NW Band Shoshone)

   Children are sacred beings
                            g
                          The Late Patricia Locke (Lakota)
                                                  (Lakota)

   The humiliation of children is the greatest evil
                          Elie Wiesel (Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor)
10-
               10-year Plan
 Leadership training
 Governance training
 Business Development
 Post High Academy
 Replication of Choctaw Success Model
 Substance Abuse and Mental Health
  Outreach
Sources
   Conetah, Fred E. A History of the Northern Ute People, Salt Lake City:
    University of Utah Press, 1982
   Cuch, Forrest S. A History of Utah’s American Indians, Utah State
                             y
    University Press, 2000.
   DiBacco, Mason, Appy. History of the United States, NY: Hooten Mifflin
    Co, 1991.
   Jennings Francis. The Invasion of America. NY: Norton 1975
    Jennings, Francis                               Norton, 1975.
   Johansen, Bruce E. Forgotten Founders. Boston: Harvard Common Press,
    1982.
   Loewen, James. Lies My Teacher Told Me. NY: Simon, 1995.
                           y
   U.S. Census Report for 2000.
   Weatherford, Jack. Indian Givers. NY: Fawcett Columbine Co., 1988.
   Purple Martin Domestication Copyright 1997 by Purple Martin
    Conservation A
    C       ti Association
                    i ti
Contact Information
Division of Indian Affairs
324 S. State Street, Suite 500
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
801 538-8808

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Native American Education in Utah

  • 1. Division of Indian Affairs presents D f I d Aff “Utah’s American Indian Education Crisis” Information Series
  • 2. Failure In the past, attempts have been made to help Indian People, but those attempts hhave b been b d upon based prescribed methods of helping white A Americans. Those “one size fits all” methods don’t work.
  • 3. Education C i i Ed ti Crisis Indian student dropout rates in rural areas range from 60-80% statewide. 60- The current state of education for Indian children is appalling. They are consistently at the bottom of every standardized test given to Utah’s children.
  • 4. Iowa T I Test S Scores for U h f Utah Grade 3 2006 White 68 Children with Disabilities 42 Pacific Islander 52 Hispanic 43 English Language Learners 43 Economically Disadvantaged 54 Asian 68 American Indian 45 African American 51 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • 5. Iowa T I Test S Scores for U h f Utah Grade 5 2006 White 67 Children with Disabilities 35 Pacific Islander 47 Hispanic 36 English Language Learners 39 Economically Disadvantaged 52 Asian 68 American Indian 41 African American 47 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • 6. Iowa T I Test S Scores for U h f Utah Grade 8 2006 White 61 Children w ith Disabilities 25 Pacific Islander 44 p Hispanic 38 English Language Learners 37 Econom ically Disadvantaged 47 Asian 63 Am erican Indian 35 African Am erican 41 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • 7. Iowa Test Scores for Utah Grade 11 2006 White 62 Children with Disabilities 25 Pacific Islander 43 Hispanic 38 English Language Learners 37 Economically Disadvantaged 47 Asian 63 American Indian 35 African American 41 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • 8. Self Reliance Once, American Once Indians were fully self reliant people Will we be s lf reliant again someday? b self li t g i so d ?
  • 9. Cultural Differences Typically, American Indians are right brain dominant, allowing for a culture rich in creativity and history. Right Brain dominance lends itself to a prolific oral tradition which has produced great Sitting Bull S B ll communicators.
  • 10. Cultural Differences Cowboys Indians  Patriarchal  Matriarchal  Scientific  Spiritual  Linear  Holistic  Competitive  Cooperative  Ownership of land  Land held in common  Control of nature  Harmony with nature  Analytical y  Creative  Hierarchy  Egalitarian
  • 11. Ways to assist Past efforts have been to eliminate right brain learning all together Goal should be establish balance and utilization of all parts of the mind
  • 12. Information Processing Many culturally different people process information differently. Consequently, any instructional methods and programs that emphasize psycho-motor development or psycho- techniques that open passages or neurological pathways are most effective.
  • 13. Programs that Help g p  Brain Gym  Auditory Discrimination Endepth  Glen Doman ICPD methods  Brain Train
  • 14. Other Effective approaches  Small student teacher ratios  Gaming g  keyboarding
  • 15. Achievement Gap These cultural differences contribute to the education achievement gap which contributes to problems in p Indian communities
  • 16. Cycle of Defeat Social Dysfunction: y Highly complex g y p economic plight, governmental and criminal behavior, corporate business models substance abuse abuse, launched without an educated/trained maladministration workforce Mismanagement, Delinquency, Negligence, Exploitation
  • 17. Pyramid of Success Business Development p Quality Management & Governance Leadership & Community Development D l EDUCATION - Foundation
  • 18. Indian Education  Innovative Programs  I di Indian Ed Education R i Research & L h Learning i Theory  Curriculum Development  Elementary and Secondary Teacher Training g  Leadership/Empowerment Training  Financial Assistance to Schools/Scholarships
  • 19. Leadership L d hi Focus  Interpersonal Skills Development for Tribal Leaders and potential future Tribal Leaders  Determination of Community Readiness
  • 20. Governance Strengthen management skills: • Personnel policies and procedures • Financial policies and procedures •P Property and supply management d l • Single Audit Requirements • Indirect Cost principles • Reporting via performance and financial report writing
  • 21. Business skills training Technical and professional assistance to tribes in the following areas:  marketing analysis  feasibility plans  business plans  trouble-shooting business failure trouble-  long range economic development planning  financing information (federal, state, and private sources), and affordable housing.
  • 22. Choctaw Model of Success 1969  Average schooling 6th grade l A h li d level l  No education offered after 10th grade and no kindergarten  70% without basic housing needs covered g  No running water or indoor plumbing, homelessness high  80% unemployment rate – those employed are sharecroppers  $600 average yearly income  Alcoholism, teen pregnancy, substance and domestic abuse commonplace
  • 23. Building a Foundation 1969-1985  Put in their own superintendent and restructured P i h i i d d d education and standardized curriculum  Opened adult education program  Taught classes in Family life, home management, thrift and economy, agricultural g , y, g science, preservation of wildlife and natural resources OOpened Y h R h bili i Center d Youth Rehabilitation C
  • 24. Industry 1979 - 1995  Planned 30 acre industrial park  Established Chahta Enterprise as supplier for Packard Electric  American Greetings opened a plant  Choctaw Manufacturing opened  Printing/direct mail/telemarketing firm  American Plastics  Silver Star Casino (most recent economic development) d l )
  • 25. Today  2nd largest employer in State of Mississippi  12,000 jobs; 172.6 million payroll taxes 12 000 172 6  5.8 mil property tax  Prestigious Hammer award for outstanding education reform  85% speak Choctaw as their primary language, g g English second  Bok Chitto Elementary selected to be a world finalist for International schools Cyberfair fi li t f I t ti l h l C b f i
  • 26. Ending Statements  Indian youth are our greatest resource Anonymous  If we lose this generation, we lose the past generation Leland Pubigee (NW Band Shoshone)  Children are sacred beings g The Late Patricia Locke (Lakota) (Lakota)  The humiliation of children is the greatest evil Elie Wiesel (Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor)
  • 27. 10- 10-year Plan  Leadership training  Governance training  Business Development  Post High Academy  Replication of Choctaw Success Model  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Outreach
  • 28. Sources  Conetah, Fred E. A History of the Northern Ute People, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1982  Cuch, Forrest S. A History of Utah’s American Indians, Utah State y University Press, 2000.  DiBacco, Mason, Appy. History of the United States, NY: Hooten Mifflin Co, 1991.  Jennings Francis. The Invasion of America. NY: Norton 1975 Jennings, Francis Norton, 1975.  Johansen, Bruce E. Forgotten Founders. Boston: Harvard Common Press, 1982.  Loewen, James. Lies My Teacher Told Me. NY: Simon, 1995. y  U.S. Census Report for 2000.  Weatherford, Jack. Indian Givers. NY: Fawcett Columbine Co., 1988.  Purple Martin Domestication Copyright 1997 by Purple Martin Conservation A C ti Association i ti
  • 29. Contact Information Division of Indian Affairs 324 S. State Street, Suite 500 Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 801 538-8808