The Bern University of Applied Sciences and its Smart City Research

Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector TransformationBerner Fachhochschule | Haute école spécialisée bernoise | Bern University of Applied Sciences | ベルン応用科学大学
The Bern University of Applied Sciences
and its Smart City Research
Prof. Stephan Haller, Institute Public Sector Transformation

Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation
▶ Current Position
▶ Professor at the Institute Public Sector Transformation of the
Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH)
▶ Head of the thematic focus area Buildings & Cities of the BFH Center Digital Society
▶ Teaching: E-Government, Project Management. Enterprise Architecture
▶ Research: Linked Open Data, Internet of Things, Smart Cities
▶ Experience
▶ > 25 years industrial ICT Research and Development (IoT since 1998)
▶ > 15 years project management of international ICT projects
▶ > 7 years R&D strategy definition
▶ Working experience in 3 countries:
Japan (7 years, Matsushita, SAP), Germany (5 years, SAP) and Switzerland (Swissair, SAP, Vigience, BFH)
▶ Master Degree in Computer Science from the ETH Zurich
Stephan Haller
stephan.haller@bfh.ch

Switzerland and its Educational System
The Bern University of Applied Sciences
Joint European-Japanese Research
on Smart City
Topics for Today

Switzerland – in the Center of Europe
European Union (EU)
EU Candidates
Potential EU Candidates
European Economic Area (EEA)
Switzerland

Comparing Switzerland and Japan
Switzerland Japan Tokyo-to Tokyo (23 wards) Kyushu
Size 41,285 km2 377,973 km2 2,191 km2 619 km2 36,782 km2
Pop. 8.5 mio. 126 mio. 13.8 mio. 9.3 mio. 12.9 mio.
GDP Total $551 billion $5,749 billion ~960 billon
GDP per capita $83,583 $45,565 ~$71,400
Source: Wikipedia
GDP calculated as
PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)

Typically Swiss …

Switzerland and Japan – Similar but different …
Alps 日本アルプス
Images: Stephan Haller, wikimedia (タチヤマカムイ )

Schwingen 相撲
Images: Flickr (Kanton Glarus, hit thatswitch)

Rösti お好み裂き
Images: Pixabay (violetta), Stephan Haller

寿司
Image: Jun Yamada

Political System: Federal Structure, Direct Democracy
3 Levels
▶ Federal (National)
▶ 26 Cantons
▶ 2212 Communes

Federal Structure
3 Levels
▶ 26 Cantons
▶ 2212 Communes
Bern

Federal Structure
3 Levels
▶ 26 Cantons
▶ 2212 Communes
Bern
Zürich

Switzerland’s Educational System
Kindergarten
Secondary School
Universities
Specialised
Middle
Schools
Matura
Schools
(Baccalaureate)
Vocational Training
Primary School
Universities of
Applied Sciences
Teacher Training
Colleges
Higher Vocational Education
2 years
5-6 years
3-4 years
3-4 years
幼稚園
小学校
中学校
（高校）

BFH Locations and its Departements
AHB – Architecture, Wood and Civil Engineering
EHSM – Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen
G – Health Professions
HAFL – School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
HKB – Bern University of the Arts
S – Social Work
TI – Engineering and Information Technology
W – Business

Facts and Figures BFH (2018)
8Departments
3 Teaching
Languages
German, French, English
1 Foundation in Canton Bern
October 1997
486 Ongoing research projects
with regional, national and international partners
6970Students
in 30 Bachelor’s degree courses and 22
Master’s degree courses
49%Proportion
of Women
Architecture, Wood and Civil
Engineering
Health Professions
School of Agricultural, Forest and
Food Sciences
Bern University of the Arts
Social Work
Engineering and Information
Technology
Business School
Swiss Federal Institute of Sport
Magglingen SFISM

Bern in the heart of Switzerland
UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983

BFH Business School Degree Programmes 2018
946 Bachelor 119 Master
2Master Degree
Programmes
MSc Business Administration
MSc Business Information Technology
Total Number of Students
2Bachelor Degree
Programmes
BSc Business Administration
BSc Business Information Technology
27% of students starting
BSc Business Administration
choose International
Programme in English
4 Double degree agreements with
selected partner institutions in
Sweden, Finland, Australia and the
french-speaking part of Switzerland

Partners – Worldwide

BScBA & MScBA
BScBA
BScBA & BScBIT
BScBA
Double Degree Programme

BFH Business School
Welcome Week
great opportunity to learn more about Bern and
university life, meet other students.
International
Office Events
events on a regular basis in order to provide a
platform for networking between students,
professors and staff.
IFMP
The International Family Mentor Programme
with our local students in order to provide
support and an excellent exchange experience.

Study Environment
Intensive
Personal
Support
Situated in the City Centre in the Marzili
district – the most popular outdoor
swimming area along the Aare river.
• Low student-lecturer ratio
• Open and frequent communication
with professors and International
Office staff
• Support in finding accommodation
• University sport facilities for a very
reasonable membership fee

Make International Friends

Virtual Tour ▶ https://www.tourmake.it/de/tour/27bfeaf9906d9d556b500c807df20604

Study in Bern
Develop
intercultural
competencies
Experience
another
lifestyle
Gettoknowpeoplefromall
overtheworld
Improve your
foreign
language
skills
@bfh_business_international

Vision of the Business School of BFH
«Our practice-focused teaching, continuing
education and research enable domain specialists
and executives as well as organisations to build
values that reflect the digital future of business
and society.»

Organisation of the Business School of BFH
公共部門改革研究所

Open. Participatory. Resilient.
https://de.wikipedia.org
BFHWirtschaft
Direct Democracy 4.0 is an
open, participatory and digital democracy.
At the core is the maximization of
Public Value.

Open. Participatory. Resilient.
That's how we imagine the public sector.
And this is what we are committed to – with practical teaching and
continuing education, as well as with application-oriented research.
Our recipe for success:
▶ Think globally, act locally
▶ Bridging between different domains of expertise
▶ Multidisciplinary team well connected in science, practice and relevant
communities.
Our focus areas:
▶ Digital Democracy
▶ Data and Infrastructure
▶ Innovation.
Institute Public Sector Transformation
designed door Starline - Freepik.com

Public Value at the Core: Topic-oriented, multi-stakeholder
approach
• Digitalisation monitoring
for 2019 elections
• AI/ML in political decision
making
…
Digital Democracy
• The Once-Only Project
• Smart City
• Memory institutions
• Linked & Open Data
…
Data & Infrastructure
• Communal monitoring
• Chatbot Directorate of
Education
…
Innovation

Vision…
35Images: Smart City Nansha, ISA Internationales
Stadtbauatelier, Wikimedia Commons;

Vision…
36Images: Smart City Nansha, ISA Internationales
Stadtbauatelier, Wikimedia Commons;
Village Exotica

… or Nightmare?
37
Images: CBS News;
Nanjin Transport Police's public Weibo post;
ABC Australia

Smart City Definitions
„A city to be smart when investments in human and social capital and
traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure
fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise
management of natural resources, through participatory governance”
Caragliu et al., 2011
„A smart city is a well-defined geographical area, in which high
technologies such as ICT, logistic, energy production, and so on,
cooperate to create benefits for citizens in terms of well-being,
inclusion and participation, environmental quality, intelligent
development; it is governed by a well-defined pool of subjects, able to
state the rules and policy for the city government and development”
Dameri, 2013
„A smart sustainable city is an innovative city
that uses information and communication
technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve
quality of life, efficiency of urban operations and
services, and competitiveness, while ensuring
that it meets the needs of present and future
generations with respect to economic, social,
environmental as well as cultural aspects.”
ITU-T, 2016
„Eine Smart City bietet ihren Bewohnern maximale Lebensqualität bei minimalem
Ressourcenverbrauch dank einer intelligenten Verknüpfung von Infrastruktursystemen (Transport,
Energie, Kommunikation, etc.) auf unterschiedlichen hierarchischen Stufen (Gebäude, Quartier,
Stadt).
"Intelligent" ist in diesem Zusammenhang nicht automatisch mit "IT" gleichzusetzen. Bei ähnlicher
Performance sind passive oder selbstregulierende Mechanismen den aktiv geregelten Ansätzen
vorzuziehen.”
P. Richner, EMPA / IG Smart City Schweiz
38

Different Smart City Applications
Themes in Amsterdam Categories in Vienna
39
Sources: Amsterdam Smart City; Cohen 2014; Griffinger al. 2007; Haller 2019; Smart City WIen
Energy
Mobility
Circular City
Governance & Education
Citizens & Living
Smart City Academy
Digital City
Buildings / Health /
Social Affairs
Environment / Energy
Location
Mobility
Digital
Bildung
Innovation

EU-Japan Project CPaaS.io
City Platform as a Service – Integrated and Open
Smart City Innovation is the goal of the CPaaS.io
joint R&D project between Europe and Japan. This
means creating value for the society and all actors
in the city environment – people, private
enterprises, public administrations.
To achieve this, the CPaaS.io platform combines the
capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data
analytics and cloud service provisioning with Open
Government Data and Linked Data approaches.

Funding Institutions & Programmes H2020 EUJ-02-2016 / NICT (高度通信・放送研究開発委託事業)
Project Volume 3.2 Mio. € / 304.5 PM
Duration July 1, 2016 – December 31, 2018 (2.5 years)
Project Data

Project Objectives
1. Develop an Open Social City Platform
2. Deploy the City Platform as a Service Solution
3. Empower the citizen to her data
4. Validate the platform with use cases providing public value
5. Develop blue prints for the adaptation and transfer of solutions to other cities
6. Create impact in cities

Use Cases
09.07.2019 CPaaS.io - Consortium Confidential 43
Smart Transportation
スマート輸送
Smart Emergency Care
スマート緊急医療 Smart Water Management
スマート水の管理
Smart Events
スマートエベントSmart Government
スマート政府

Use Cases – Events & Tourism
Event Experience
▶ More fun and excitement for participants at events like the "colour run"
▶ Increased number of participants
▶ Better information for international visitors (e.g., Snow Festival in
Sapporo)
▶ Better logistics for organizers, participants and visitors
Transportation
▶ Aggregated real-time information about
public transport operations from multiple
providers
▶ Scalability

Use Cases – Waterproof Amsterdam
Goals
▶ Early detection of high water levels / floods
▶ Safety of citizens
Approach
▶ Citizens install water buffers and water
level sensors, connected via a LoRaWAN
network
▶ Data is collected, aggregated and
analysed in the CPaaS.io platform
▶ Automatic triggering of governmental
services
▶ Data available to third parties for
additional usage and services
Images: Rainproof Amsterdam (Merlijn Michon);
Stowa - Bert-Jan van Weeren
(https://youtu.be/7OeNDSepbUY)

Use Cases – Emergency Services Yokosuka
Goals
▶ Better health and emergency services for the population
▶ On-site triage suppport
Approach
▶ Location data, images and IoT sensor data
give emergency staff a complete picture
of the situation
▶ Information exchange between
ambulances, hospitals and potentially
additional third party service providers
▶ Data analysis for better resource
allocation
Picture: Ubiquitous Networking Laboratory

Video Yokosuka

Summary: Main Project Results
48
Source:https://www.cpaas.io/?page_id=1152

Connecting Technologies: Smart City Platform

Smart City Platform Federation

Dashboard with data from federated instances
Source: AGT International

City Dashboard Example: Murcia, Spain
53
Source: http://mapamurcia.inf.um.es/

Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector Transformation 54
Beneficiaries
For whom is value
delivered?
Cost Structure
What are the most important costs to implement and
operate this Smart City application?
Revenue Streams /
Saving Potential
How is the Smart City Application financed?
Relationships
Who are supporters and
opponents?
Stakeholder
Management
Key Activities
What key activities are
required to deliver the
value proposition?
Public Value
Proposition
What kind of public value is
created?
Which public value is delivered?
What urban problems are solved?
In what domain is the application,
e.g.
 Smart Energy
 Smart Mobility
 Smart Water
 Smart Public Services
 Smart Buildings
 …
Key Partners
Who are the key
partners?
Key Resources
What key resources are
required to deliver the
value proposition?
Toolbox for City Developers
Smart City Canvas: Public Value Proposition
Source:ChristianPfister,StephanHaller,undEduardKlein.2019.TowardsaSmartCityBlueprint
Template.InProceedingsofthe13thInternationalConferenceonDigitalSocietyand
eGovernments–ICDS2019,Athens,February24-28,2019,pages30-36.

Value Chain for Smart City Applications
From Smart City Application Blueprint Template
55
Adapted from (Porter, 1985) and (Laaboudi, D'Ouezzan 2016)
CoreElements
Supporting
Activities

Do you need a Smart City Strategy?
Example: Zürich
Source: City of Zurich

Toolbox for City Developers
Smart City Strategy Framework
57
Smart
City
• Population
• Development Stage
• Political System
• Education Level
• Pressures
City Context
• Governance Model
• Citizen Involvement
• Motivation
• City Role
• Process Responsibility
• Business Sector Development
• Approach
• Regional Cooperation
Governance
• Implementation Model
• Application Domains
• Performance Measures
Implementation
• Data Infrastructure
• Networking Infra. (WLAN, IoT)
• Cloud Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Smart
City
Source:HallerS,NeuroniA,FraefelM,andSakamuraK(2018):PerspectivesonSmartCities
Strategies:SketchingaFrameworkandTestingFirstUses.InProceedingsof19thAnnual
InternationalConferenceonDigitalGovernmentResearch(dg.o’18),AnnekeZuiderwijkAand
HinnantC(Eds.).ACM,NewYork,NY,USA,Article4,9pages.

β
Implementation Models
Start with single
application, expand
from there
Example(s)
▶ Sapporo
▶ Winterthur
▶ Yokosuka
Platform as a basis
for all Smart City
applications
Example(s)
▶ Vienna
▶ Murcia
Enable different
stakeholders to try and
test different applications
Example(s)
▶ Amsterdam
Anchor Platform Beta-city
Source:JeremyGreen.2016.TheSmartCityPlaybook:
smart,safe,sustainable:StrategyReport.
TechnicalReport.MachinaResearch.

Effecting Transformation & Innovation
Top-Down
▶ Traditional approach
▶ Often slow
▶ No failures accepted
Bottom-Up
59
▶ Co-Creation, building
on knowledge,
engagement and true
needs of citizens
▶ Fast
▶ Fail to learn
Typical Instruments
➜ Citizen Fora
➜ Hackathons
➜ Community Platforms
➜ Business Incubation Services
➜ …

Bottom-Up Infrastructrure
The Things Network: Coverage Amsterdam
60
Source: The Things Network, https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/community/

▶ First edition held Dec. 17, 2017 – May 18, 2018
approx. 100 submissions
▶ Now running in its 3rd edition
Example

Bern University of Applied Sciences | Institute Public Sector TransformationSource: https://tokyochallenge.odpt.org/index.html

▶ Cities need to learn from each other
▶ What works, what doesn’t…
▶ Needs
▶ Focus on public value, not technology
▶ Standardisation and interoperability
▶ The project conducted 3 open city workshops
▶ 2 in Tokyo, co-located with the TRON Symposium
▶ 1 in Bilbao, as part of IoT Week
▶ Cooperation with OASC (Open & Agile Smart Cities)
Connecting Cities

Research Community
▶ Concepts & Tools
▶ Projects
Education
▶ Courses on Open Data,
Smart City, IoT, Project
Management
Continued Usage of Project Results
Cities
▶ Platform & Toolboxes
▶ Standard Interfaces
▶ Strategy Development
▶ Transfer of Use Cases
▶ New Use Cases

Key Learning
Successful digital transformation rests on 5 pillars
Data
for fact-based
decisions
Inter-
connection
People, machines,
ideas
Openness
Open digital city
culture and
willingness to
learn
Innovation
Policies
Fostering of
creativity and
innovation
Participation
Population, public
authorities,
economic sector
Images: Wikimedia Commons (Ryoji Ikeda, Günther Herrler), pixabay (rihaji,
reinery), Publicdomainpictures (George Hodan)

Open.Participatory.Resilient - The Smart City
オープンシティ・ダイバシティ・セーフシティ

Thank You!
Gracias Mulțumesc 謝謝 Paldies Eskerrik asko Dziękuję Mahalo ‫תודה‬Go raibh maith agat спасибо
Grazzi आभारी Xin cảm ơn 감사합니다 நன்றி Köszönöm ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻲ‬ Ndiyabulela Grazia Tak Благодаря
Aitäh Terima kasih Děkuji Teşekkür ederim Asante Diolch ‫ﺷﻜﺮا‬ Takk Ďakujem Gràcies Kiitos
Obrigado Ngiyabonga Þakka þér Grazas Tapadh leibh ขอบคุณ Faleminderit ありがとう Danke Ačiū
Merci Grazie Hvala Ευχαριστώ Dankon Tack Dank je Grazcha

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