1. 1
A
Case
Study
and
Analysis
of
Agricultural
Land
Reserves
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
Region,
British
Columbia,
Canada
Andrea
Lucy,
Nicole
Rich,
Daniel
McFaul
&
Stephanie
Glanzmann
Term
1
-­‐
Geob
270
Lab
L1C
Teaching
Assistant:
Eva
CregoLiz
December
7th,
2015

2. 2
Table
of
Contents
Executive
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..p.3
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...p.3-­‐4
Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...p.4
Biogeographical
Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...p.4-­‐5
Social
Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..p.6-­‐8
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…...p.9
Errors
and
Uncertainty……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………p.10
Further
Research/Recommendations………………………………………………………………………..……..p.10-­‐11
Appendices……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...p.12-­‐24
References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...p.12
Data
Sources………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….p.12-­‐13
Maps………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………..p.14-­‐21
Okanagan
Similkameen
Agricultural
Land
Reserve
Map………………………………………………...p.14
Biogeographical
Maps
Okanagan
Similkameen
Land
Cover………………………………………………………………….p.15
Okanagan
Similkameen
Water
Features
and
Soil
Classes………………………………….p.16
Okanagan
Similkameen
Slope
&
Agricultural
Productivity…………………………………p.17
Social
Maps
Okanagan
Similkameen
Road
Types………………………………………………………………...p.18
Okanagan
Similkameen
Parks
and
Golf
Courses……………………………………………...p.19
Okanagan
Similkameen
Non-­‐agricultural
Social
Land
Uses………………………………p.20
ALR
Final
Analysis
Map………………………………………………………………………………………………….p.21
Flow
Chart…………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….p.22-­‐23
Division
of
work
…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………p.24

3. 3
Executive
Summary
This
project
analyzes
the
state
of
the
Agricultural
Land
Reserve
(ALR)
system
in
British
Columbia,
with
a
focus
on
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
census
division.
An
in-­‐depth
look
is
taken
into
the
biogeographical
and
social
uses
of
the
land
that
currently
is
considered
ALR
land,
but
should
not
be.
ArcGIS
and
its
many
data
analysis
functions
were
applied
to
TRIM
data
and
government
data
to
refine
and
highlight
relevant
features.
Analysis
shows
that
that
there
are
a
wide
variety
of
agricultural
protective
restrictions
that
are
not
respected
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR,
such
as
roads,
buffered
water
features,
and
unsuitable
farmland.
These
are
non-­‐agricultural
uses,
therefore
the
accuracy
of
how
much
land
under
protection
is
compromised.
This
in
turn
poses
as
a
problem
to
food
sovereignty
issues,
developing
land
management
plans
and
providing
accurate
food
production
data.
An
overarching
issue
that
has
been
identified
is
that
there
is
a
lack
of
organization
within
management
of
the
Agricultural
Land
Reserves,
and
it’s
ability
to
address
flaws
in
the
current
structure.
This
project
faces
some
limitations
as
there
was
potential
for
error
(human,
statistical,
etc.)
at
every
point
of
analysis,
as
is
explored
in
the
report.
Introduction
There
has
recently
been
concern
about
whether
British
Columbia’s
Agricultural
Land
Reserve
(ALR)
laws
are
being
respected.
The
ALRs,
zones
restricted
for
agricultural
purposes,
were
originally
created
in
the
early
1970s
to
address
the
worry
that
“prime
agricultural
land”
was
being
increasingly
developed
(Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission,
2014).
As
of
March
2015,
it
has
been
noted
that
nearly
100,000
hectares
of
ALR
land
is
not
being
used
for
its
intended
industry
(Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission,
2014).
However,
these
numbers
are
estimates
because
there
had
not
yet
been
a
thorough
calculation
and
analysis
of
misused
ALRs.
This
analysis
uses
ArcGIS
software
to
investigate
the
biogeographical
and
social
non-­‐
agricultural
features
in
the
ALR
of
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region.
The
primary
purpose
of
this
report
is
to
determine
the
amount
of
land
that
is
truly
being
used
for
agriculture
uses
according
to
the
ALC
Act
and
ALR
Regulation,
and
what
features
are
falsely
considered
ALR
areas
(Provincial
Land
Commission,
2014).
The
results
will
be
disseminated
through
open
sources,
therefore
available
for
public
consumption.
The
hope
of
this
report
is
that
it
will
help
inform
public
debate
and
provide
a
more
accurate
calculation
related
to
ALR
land
in
British
Columbia.
As
previously
stated,
the
study
area
for
this
report
is
the
census
division
of
Okanagan
Similkameen.
This
is
area
is
in
southern
British
Columbia
bordering
with
the
United
States
(see
Map
1).
The
largest
city
in
the
region
is
Penticton
with
a
population
of
approximately
32,000
(Penticton,
n.d).
The
data
used
was
collected
by
different
provincial
government
or
federal
government
ministries,
including
DataBC
and
Statistics
Canada.
They
cover
both
social
and
biogeographical
thematic
features.
ALR
areas
were
provided
by
Arthur
Green
(2015),
the
creator
of
this
specific

4. 4
project.
The
data
used
was
believed
to
be
credible
and
trustworthy.
The
Okanagan
Similkameen
area
is
covered
by
two
National
Topographic
250k
map
sheets,
92H
and
82E
that
had
to
be
merged
for
analysis.
For
this
entire
analysis,
the
data
and
map
projection
was
NAD
1983
BC
Environment
Albers
using
a
geographic
coordinate
system
of
GSC
North
American
1983.
Overview
Specifically,
the
study
area
is
the
Agricultural
Land
Reserves
estimated
to
cover
83,923.35ha,
4%
of
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region
(see
Map
1).
This
calculated
area
was
created
using
GIS
and
published
on
April
1,
2014
(Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission,
2014,
p.
31).
The
features
in
the
ALR
area
were
split
into
two
categories
for
analysis:
biogeographical
and
social.
In
preparation
for
an
analysis
of
these
two
uses
with
ArcGIS,
all
of
the
thematic
vector
and
raster
layers
were
first
clipped
to
the
ALR
project
boundary
(see
Flow
Chart).
Biogeographical
Analysis
Land
Cover
There
are
4
types
of
land
cover
in
the
original
ALR
shapefile;
annual
cropland,
perennial
cropland,
developed,
and
unclassified.
This
data
was
sourced
from
the
Ministry
of
Forests,
Lands
and
Natural
Resource
Operations
(2015).
Once
the
data
was
added
as
a
layer,
it
was
separated
into
its
land
use
categories
through
processes
using
the
attribute
table
(see
Map
2).
Land
cover
Total
Area
(ha) %
of
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
Annual
Cropland
498.65ha 0.6%
Perennial
Cropland 1949.82ha 2.3%
Developed 1616.60ha 1.93%
Unclassified 356.24ha 0.42%
Table
1.
Types
of
land
cover
and
area
(ha)
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
project
area.
Water
Features
The
bodies
of
water
that
are
included
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
analyses
were
rivers
and
lakes.
The
data
sources
for
each
were
from
BCGOV
ILMB
Crown
Registry
and
Geographic
Base
Branch
(2015).
Though
watersheds
and
water
sources
are
intrinsic
to
the
viability
of
agricultural
land,
their
total
shape
area
should
not
be
considered
usable
ALR
land.
Both
lakes
and
rivers
were
buffered
by
10
m
to
maintain
riparian
ecosystem
health.
Rivers
and
lakes
and
were
unioned
for
future
analysis
of
water
features.
The
dissolve
function
was
used
to
fluidly
join
points
of
intersection.
Including
the
buffered
area,
water
covers
4,445.61ha
and
accounts
for
5.3%
of
the
total
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
(see
Map
30.

5. 5
Soil
Types
The
ALR
uses
a
ranking
system
from
1-­‐7
where
soil
type
1
is
extremely
arable,
and
7
is
virtually
unusable
(Agricultural
Land
Commission,
2013).
Soil
types
found
within
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
boundaries
are
type
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
W,
and
unclassified
(see
Table
2;
see
Map
3;
Agriculture
and
Agri-­‐Food
Canada,
2013;
Ministry
of
Environment,
2015).
There
were
concerning
sections
of
missing
data
in
the
soil
layer,
but
these
are
different
from
the
‘unclassified’
soils.
Soil
Types Total
Area
(ha) %
of
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
2 854ha 1%
3 501ha 0.6%
4 7,135ha 8.5%
5 33,442ha 40%
6 12,408ha 14.7%
7 5,285ha 6.3%
Water 767ha 0.9%
Unclassified 2,081ha 2.4%
Table
2.
Soil
types
and
the
area
(ha)
they
occupy
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
project
area.
Slope
It
has
been
identified
by
Hermansen
and
Green
(2015)
that
few
agricultural
activities
can
occur
on
land
that
has
a
slope
greater
than
30%.
In
order
to
see
how
much
land
falls
into
this
category,
the
raster
DEM
data
was
reclassified
into
two
categories,
above
30%
and
below
30%
(Government
of
Canada,
Natural
Resources
Canada,
Earth
Sciences
Sector,
Mapping
Information
Branch,
GeoAccess
Division,
2012).
The
above
30%
was
then
extracted
as
a
new
raster
layer
and
converted
to
vector
data
(see
Map
4).
It
covers
an
area
of
7,061.58ha
and
accounts
for
8.41%
of
ALR
land.
Agricultural
Products
The
2011
Agricultural
Census
data
gathered
by
Statistics
Canada
(2011)
provides
general
insight
into
the
types
of
agricultural
production
and
frequency
of
agricultural
activities.
There
is
diversity
in
the
type
of
agricultural
production
conducted
in
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR.
Among
food
crop
products,
fruit,
berries
and
nuts
has
5,511ha
devoted
to
it,
making
it
the
most
abundant
agricultural
use
category
(Statistics
Canada,
2011).
Other
agricultural
activities
present
within
the
region
are
hay
and
field
crop
production,
livestock
rearing,
and
vegetable
production
(see
Map
4;
Statistics
Canada,
2011).

6. 6
Social
Analysis
Roads
There
are
several
types
of
roads
that
crossed
all
throughout
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region.
Although
important
for
transportation
of
agricultural
resources,
nothing
can
be
grown
on
these
roads.
The
roads
data
was
acquired
from
BCGOV
ILMB
Crown
Registry
and
Geographic
Base
Branch
(2015).
The
summary
statistics
function
was
used
to
calculate
the
sum
of
the
length
of
clipped
roads,
which
was
2564.576km.
There
are
10
types
of
roads
that
make
up
this
figure:
Type Length
(km)
Gravel
Road
1
Lane 497.29km
Gravel
Road
1
Lane
Under
Construction
(U/C) 1.16km
Gravel
Road
2
Lane 197.88km
Overgrown
Road 1.04km
Paved
Road
1
Lane
One
Way 0.02km
Paved
Road
2
Lane 667.74km
Paved
Road
2
One
Way 6.52km
Paved
Road
3
Lane 0.44km
Paved
Road
4
Lane 8.05km
Rough
Road 1185.19km
Table
3.
Road
types
and
their
length
(km)
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
project
area.
When
categorizing
these
road
types
to
represent
on
maps,
they
were
arbitrarily
generalized
to
4
types
based
on
construction
material
for
reader
accessibility:
Gravel
Road;
Overgrown
Road;
Paved
Road;
Rough
Road
(see
Map
5).
In
this
report,
roads
also
occupy
space
on
either
side
because
of
the
inability
to
grow
close
to
the
roads
(Hermansen
and
Gill,
2015).
Our
analysis
acknowledged
this
concern
by
creating
a
buffer
of
10m.
The
area
attribute
of
this
new
buffered
layer
was
summed
to
reveal
that
5,093.97ha
or
6.07%
of
the
original
subpanel
ALR
is
covered
by
roads
and
their
accompanying
buffer.
Parks
&
Golf
Courses
Parks
are
another
area
in
the
ALR
that
are
not
directly
linked
to
agricultural
practices,
therefore
are
not
part
of
the
ALR
area.
The
attribute
table
of
the
clipped
parks
layer
showed

7. 7
that
the
feature
categories
are
‘provincial’
and
‘other
parks’
(see
Map
6).
‘Other
parks’
include
Ecological
Reserves
and
Protected
Areas.
Another
green
space
in
the
ALR
that
is
not
used
for
agricultural
purposes
are
golf
courses.
This
was
part
of
the
cultural
infrastructure
data
layer,
acquired
from
BCGOV
ILMB
Crown
Registry
and
Geographic
Base
Branch
(2015).
The
select
by
attribute
query
was
used
to
create
a
new
layer
of
solely
golf
courses.
The
resulting
layer
was
represented
in
polylines.
To
determine
the
area
of
each
golf
course,
this
layer
was
transformed
using
the
‘feature
to
polygon’
function.
A
new
layer
was
created
from
this
process
named
golfcourse_polygon
and
the
summary
statistics
function
was
used
to
determine
the
entire
area
it
occupies
(see
Map
6).
Feature
Type Area
(ha)
Total
Parks 1,574.14ha
Provincial
Parks 84.76ha
Other
Parks 1,489.38ha
Total
Golf
Courses
238.05ha
Table
4.
Area
(ha)
occupied
by
parks
and
golf
courses
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
project
area.
Population
Demographics
The
Okanagan
Similkameen
region
is
a
federal
census
division,
therefore
the
2011
Census
survey
data
from
Statistics
Canada
(2013)
was
used
to
analyze
the
social
makeup
of
the
region.
In
2011,
there
were
78,385
people
living
in
the
area.
There
were
more
females,
40,605,
than
males,
37,790
at
the
time.
76,130
of
the
residents
were
Canadian
citizens,
conversely
2,265
people
were
not.
Of
these
Canadian
citizens,
12,585
are
under
age
17.
The
average
family
size
in
2011
was
2.7
people.
The
region
is
ethnically
diverse,
based
on
the
2011
census
categories
used
in
this
report.
The
most
represented
ethnicities
are
listed
below,
but
this
is
not
a
complete
list
of
all
the
ethnicities
in
the
area:
• British
Isle
origins:
43,945
• North
American
Aboriginal:
5,900
• North
American
other:
18,235
• French
origins:
8,975
• Western
European
origins:
19,410
• Visible
minority:
4,395
Additional
Social
Non-­‐Farm
Uses
There
are
a
number
of
other
cultural
infrastructures
in
the
ALR
region
that
are
not
used
for
agricultural
purposes.
These
include
pipelines,
transmission
lines,
fences,
rail
lines,
pits,
dumps,
and
reserves,
all
of
which
was
acquired
from
BCGOV
ILMB
Crown
Registry
and
Geographic
Base
Branch
(2015;
see
Map
7a
&
7b).
They
were
all
in
the
clipped
cultural
infrastructure
layer,
therefore
a
select
by
attribute
query
was
used
to
select
each
specific
infrastructure
from
the
attribute
layer,
creating
a
new
polyline
layer.
The
other
layers
created
from
the
cultural

8. 8
infrastructure
layer
had
to
undergo
further
data
management
processes.
The
pits
and
dumps
were
transformed
from
a
feature
to
a
polygon
to
be
able
to
calculate
the
area
they
consume.
A
separate
reserves
layer,
acquired
in
polygon
form,
was
used
to
calculate
the
area
they
cover
in
the
project
area.
Feature Total
Area
(ha)/Total
Length
(km)
Pipelines 110.39km
Transmission
Lines 134.17km
Fences 41.95km
Rail
lines 127.1km
Pits 74.30ha
Dumps 21.24ha
Reserves 12,506.36ha
Table
5.
Non-­‐farm
uses
and
the
area
(ha)
or
length
(km)
they
occupy
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
project
area.
Major
Social
Threats
to
the
ALR
Based
on
this
analysis,
we
think
that
the
most
common
socially
created
threats
to
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
subpanel
region
are
reserves,
roads,
and
parks.
A
key
issue
is
that
while
reserves
are
federally
administered
land
controlled
largely
by
the
preferences
of
the
indigenous
peoples
living
in
it,
ALR
land
is
provincially
administered.
The
issue
is
that
much
of
the
reserve
land
in
the
region
researched
overlaps
with
the
ALR
region,
when
the
two
should
not
cross
each
other.
The
reason
for
this
is
that
reserve
land
is
not
inherently
used
for
agricultural
purposes.
The
federal
reserves
cover
19.4%
of
the
ALR
region.
It
is
apparent
that
this
overlapping
was
not
examined
during
the
ALR
program
creation
in
the
early
1970s
(Runka,
June
21,
2006).
The
roads
cover
6.07%
of
the
ALR
and
fragment
the
agricultural
land.
Parks
cover
1.88%.
However,
in
regards
to
parks,
conservation
parks
fall
into
Section
3(1)
of
the
ALR
Regulation,
making
them
a
permitted
use
even
though
they
are
not
directly
linked
to
agriculture.
An
area
for
future
research
is
to
determine
if
some
of
these
‘other
parks’
may
fall
into
this
permitted
use
category.
Overall,
man-­‐made
features
such
as
roads,
parks,
golf
courses,
reserves,
pits,
pipelines,
transmission
lines
and
dumps
do
cover
a
large
area
of
the
currently
designated
ALR
land
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region.
Consequently,
much
of
this
area
is
not
being
used
for
it’s
intended
purpose
of
agricultural
activities.

9. 9
Summary
The
thematic
layers
analyzed
that
are
not
used
for
agricultural
purposes,
yet
were
officially
part
of
the
ALR,
were
erased
to
provide
a
more
accurate
representation
of
how
much
usable
agricultural
land
is
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region.
After
erasing
the
layers
identified
in
Table
6,
the
total
ALR
land
calculated
in
this
analysis
is
54,061.31ha.
This
is
only
64.42%
of
the
official
total
area
of
ALR
land
in
the
region.
Feature Area(ha)/Length(km)
Slope
>30° 7,061.58ha
Soil
Class
7 5,285
ha
Parks
1,574.14ha
Golf
Courses 238.05ha
Pipelines 110.39km
Reserves 12,506.36ha
Dumps 21.24ha
Pits 74.30ha
Transmission
Lines 134.17km
Rail 127.1km
Roads
&
buffer
10m 5,093.97ha
Fences 41.95km
Water
(lakes
&
rivers)
&
buffer
10m
4,445.61
Table
6.
Non-­‐farm
uses
and
their
area
or
length
that
was
erased
from
the
original
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
area
to
produce
a
more
accurate
calculation
of
useful
agricultural
area
in
the
ALR.
There
is
huge
discrepancy
between
this
final
calculation,
54,061.31ha,
and
the
total
area
of
the
original
dataset.
Of
even
more
concern
is
that
this
number
does
not
match
the
Agricultural
Land
Commission’s
(2013)
1974-­‐1975
calculation
that
there
was
86,478ha
of
ALR
land
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
upon
creation
(Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission,
2014,
p.
31).
Based
on
this
large
discrepancy,
the
current
estimates
of
hectares
calculated
by
the
Agricultural
Land
Commission
are
not
accurate
and
are
in
need
for
official
policy
revision.

10. 10
Error
and
Uncertainty
As
with
any
GIS
analysis,
this
analysis
of
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
is
not
free
from
error.
Errors
may
have
arisen
from
data
quality
surrounding.
There
may
also
be
inherent
errors
in
the
data
used.
Although
the
data
was
acquired
from
trustworthy
sources,
such
as
Statistics
Canada
and
DataBC
that
does
not
mean
it
is
always
complete.
For
instance,
the
numbers
in
the
Stats
Canada
2011
Census
Survey
did
not
always
add
up
to
total
population
in
the
area,
as
in
the
case
with
ethnicity.
Some
of
the
data
used
was
also
incomplete,
as
in
the
case
of
the
land
cover
and
soil
datasets
that
did
not
have
values
for
the
entire
region.
Additionally,
some
of
the
data
was
captured
decades
ago,
such
as
the
TRIM
data
from
1992
and
the
DEM
data
from
November
15,
2002
(BCGOV
ILMB
Crown
Registry
and
Geographic
Base
Branch,
2015;
Government
of
Canada,
Natural
Resources
Canada,
Earth
Sciences
Sector,
Mapping
Information
Branch,
GeoAccess
Division,
2012).
Data
captured
more
recently
would
be
more
precise,
and
would
avoid
any
changes
in
the
landscape
that
have
occurred
since
these
older
dates.
As
a
result
of
these
errors
and
uncertainties,
the
results
are
not
as
accurate
or
precise
as
may
be
desired.
Being
new
users
to
ArcGIS
and
geographic
information
systems
in
general,
a
major
source
of
error
could
be
in
the
data
analysis.
It
is
possible
that
steps
were
missed
or
performed
incorrectly
as
the
data
was
analyzed
and
transformed.
Some
errors
and
subjectivity
were
unavoidably
included
in
the
representation
of
the
maps.
Personal
preferences
came
forth
in
conceptual
selection
of
symbology
colour
gradients
that
were
used
to
show
differences
in
our
data.
Additionally,
some
of
the
features
used
are
generalized
on
the
maps
by
being
categorized.
For
instance,
the
roads
were
simplified
by
the
map
creators
into
4
categories.
Although
useful
to
the
reader
for
understanding
the
maps,
it
does
reduce
the
level
of
detail.
The
maps
also
have
error
in
them
in
regards
to
scale.
For
instance,
the
roads
are
actually
much
smaller
in
reality
than
they
appear
on
the
map,
but
they
have
been
enlarged
so
that
they
are
visible.
Due
to
this
issue,
the
measurements
included
in
this
report
are
a
valuable
tool
in
conjunction
with
the
maps
for
understanding
the
true
scale.
This
is
important
as
our
map
may
be
used
in
a
future
decision-­‐making
process
surrounding
ALR
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region.
Further
Research
and
Recommendations
This
report
is
just
a
preliminary
start
to
the
research
that
should
be
done
on
the
ALR
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region.
It
must
be
acknowledged
that
this
data
analysis
is
incomplete
as
it
does
not
include
every
possible
feature
that
could
be
studied.
Therefore,
this
analysis
is
a
generalization
of
only
a
few
of
the
issues
affecting
ALR
land
laws.
For
instance,
mines,
sewage
areas,
and
campsites
could
be
included
in
future
analyses.
Buildings
are
one
such
vector
point
that
were
not
included
in
this
study,
but
are
important.
No
dataset
was
found
that
detailed
the
functions
of
the
buildings
in
the
region,
which
is
important
because
according
to
the
Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission
(2014),
some
buildings
are
a
permitted
use
of
the
ALR.
Having
included
the
building
datasets
acquired
into
the
maps
would
have
introduced
unnecessary
error.
In
regards
to
some
of
these
features,
such
as
pipelines,
fences,
and
transmission
lines,
a
buffer
is
suggested
to
be
researched
and
included
in
the
future.
There
may
be
a
certain
buffer

11. 11
distance
considered
along
these
polylines
for
safety
or
due
to
an
inability
to
grow
along
these
lines.
A
recommendation
to
policy
makers
and
the
Agricultural
Land
Commission
is
to
carefully
consider
this
discrepancy
in
calculations
between
the
estimated
and
actual
ALR,
and
implement
policies
that
can
better
protect
and
manage
the
land.
As
well,
they
should
consider
how
these
land
changes
even
occurred,
to
prevent
them
from
happening
again.
Although
this
analysis
could
be
improved
upon
in
the
future,
this
report
provides
a
starting
point.
It
provides
an
idea
of
how
much
land
currently
considered
ALR
in
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
region
is
not
used
for
agricultural
purposes
or
appropriate
uses.

12. 12
Appendices
References
Agriculture
and
Agri-­‐Food
Canada.
(2013).
Overview
of
Classification
Methodology
for
Determining
Land
Capability
for
Agriculture.
Retrieved
December
6,
2015
from
http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/cli/classdesc.html
Agricultural
Land
Commission.
(2013).
Agricultural
Capability
Classification
in
BC.
Retrieved
from
http://www.alc.gov.bc.ca/assets/alc/assets/library/agricultural-­‐
capability/agriculture_capability_classification_in_bc_2013.pdf
Hermansen,
S.,
&
Green,
A.
(2015).
Final
Project.
Retrieved
December
6,
2015,
from
http://blogs.ubc.ca/giscience/final-­‐project/
Heywood,
I.,
Cornelius,
S.,
&
Carver,
S.
(2011).
An
introduction
to
geographical
information
systems
(4th
ed.).
Upper
Saddle
River,
NJ:
Prentice
Hall.
Green,
A.
(2015).
GIS
analysis
case
study:
BC
agricultural
land
reserve
discussion.
[PowerPoint
slides].
Letnick,
Norm.
(2015).
Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission:
Annual
Report
(2014/2015).
Burnaby,
British
Columbia:
Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission.
Penticton.
(n.d.)
Demographics.
Retrieved
December
6,
2015
from
http://www.penticton.ca/EN/main/business/economic-­‐development/about-­‐
penticton/demographics.html
Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission.
(2014,
June
30).
Annual
Report
2013/2014.
Retrieved
from
http://www.alc.gov.bc.ca/assets/alc/assets/library/commission-­‐reports/2013-­‐
14_alc_annual_report_final_revised.pdf
Provincial
Agricultural
Land
Commission.
(2014).
Permitted
uses
in
the
ALR.
Retrieved
December
6,
2015
from
http://www.alc.gov.bc.ca/alc/content/alr-­‐maps/living-­‐in-­‐the-­‐alr/permitted-­‐
uses-­‐in-­‐the-­‐alr
Runka,
G.
(2006,
June
21).
BC’s
Agricultural
Land
Reserve
–
Its
Historical
Roots.
Retrieved
from
http://www.alc.gov.bc.ca/assets/alc/assets/library/archived-­‐publications/alr-­‐
history/alr_historical_roots_-­‐_runka_2006.pdf.
Data
Sources
BCGOV
ILMB
Crown
Registry
and
Geographic
Base
Branch.
(2015).
Terrain
Resource
Information
Management
Program
–
(TRIM)
Version
3
(Data
file).
Retrieved
November
23,
2015
from
http://hdl.handle.net/11272/10166
Government
of
Canada,
Natural
Resources
Canada,
Earth
Sciences
Sector,
Mapping
Information
Branch,
GeoAccess
Division.
(2012).
Canadian
Digital
Elevation
Model
Mosaic
(CDEM)
(Data
file).
Retrieved
November
23,
2015
from
http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-­‐rncan/ess-­‐
sst/C40ACFBA-­‐C722-­‐4BE1-­‐862E-­‐146B80BE738E.html.
Green,
A.
(2015).
ALR.
Vancouver,
BC:
University
of
British
Columbia
Vancouver.
Retrieved
November
23,
2015
from
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/55y487zz8hs6m32/AADV9awhjk_8C42kKg_jLtbLa?dl=0
Ministry
of
Environment.
(2015).
Agriculture_Capability
(Data
file).
Retrieved
November
23,
2015
from
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/esd/distdata/ecosystems/Soil_Data/AgricultureCapability/

13. 13
Ministry
of
Forests,
Lands
and
Natural
Resource
Operations.
(2015).
Other
Land
Cover
1:250,000
GeoBase
Land
Cover
(Data
file).
Retrieved
November
23,
2015
from
http://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/other-­‐land-­‐cover-­‐1-­‐250-­‐000-­‐geobase-­‐land-­‐cover
Ministry
of
Forests,
Lands
and
Natural
Resource
Operations.
(2016).
Indian
Reserves
-­‐-­‐
Administrative
Boundaries
(Data
file).
Retrieved
November
23,
2015
from
http://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/indian-­‐reserves-­‐administrative-­‐boundaries
Statistics
Canada.
(2013).
Okanagan-­‐Similkameen,
RD,
British
Columbia
(Code
5907)
(table).
National
Household
Survey
(NHS)
Profile.
2011
National
Household
Survey.
Statistics
Canada
Catalogue
no.
99-­‐004-­‐XWE.
Ottawa.
Released
September
11,
2013.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-­‐enm/2011/dp-­‐pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E
Statistics
Canada.
(2011).
Table
004-­‐0221
-­‐
Census
of
Agriculture,
cattle
and
calves
on
census
day,
every
5
years,
CANSIM
(database).
Retrieved
from
http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0040221&pattern=00
4-­‐0200..004-­‐0242&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=-­‐1&p1=-­‐1&p2=31

14. 14
Maps
Overview:
Map
1

15. 15
Biogeographical:
Map
2

16. 16
Map
3

17. 17
Map
4

18. 18
Social:
Map
5

19. 19
Map
6

20. 20
Map
7

21. 21
Summary:
Map
8

22. 22
Flowchart
Prior
to
the
steps
laid
out
in
the
Flowchart
below,
some
preliminary
steps
were
first
taken
to
prepare
the
data
for
analysis.
1. Add
all
layers
into
geodatabase
in
ArcMap
2. Transform
all
layers
into
the
Okanagan
Similkameen
ALR
dataset’s
projection
NAD_1983_BC_Environment_Albers
using
a
geographic
coordinate
system
of
GSC_NorthAmerican_1983.
3. Create
Map
1
using
ALR;
BC
Land
Mass
and
PopPlaces.
Gives
spatial/visual
perspective
of
where
our
ALR
region
is
in
BC.
4. Merge
tool
a. Our
area
(Okanagan
Similkameen)
is
in
two
TRIM
250k
areas
(92h
and
82e),
therefore
there
are
two
areas
for
each
thematic
feature.
Merge
these
two
layers
together
to
make
one
layer
than
encompases
our
analysis
area.
(Ex.
Merge
together
layers
roads_82e
with
roads_92h
to
make
one
roads
layer).
Name
the
resulting
layer
based
on
its
thematic
property,
as
before,
but
without
the
TRIM
area
(ex.
just
“roads”).
b. Mosaic
to
Raster
all
the
DEM
layers
together
to
make
one
layer
(called
“DEM”).
Same
process
as
above,
but
merging
12
layers
at
once,
to
make
one
layer.
Cannot
use
“Merge”
tool
because
raster
layers
c. Resulting
layers
left
for
analysis:
ALR;
DEM;
lakes;
rivers;
contours;
soils;
parks;
otherlandcover;
roads;
rail;
reserves;
culturalinfrastructure.
d. The
layers
BC
Land
Mass
and
PopPlaces
do
not
need
to
be
merged,
and
are
not
used
for
further
analysis.
They
are
only
used
to
contextualize
the
location
of
the
ALR
region
under
study
on
maps.

23. 23

24. 24
Group
Members
Contributions
Group
Member
Contributions
Andrea Created
Flowchart.
Co-­‐performed
the
social
analysis
and
created
the
social
maps.
Wrote
social
section
of
the
report.
Aided
in
the
editing
of
the
final
project
text.
Created
references
and
data
sources
sections
in
appendices.
Daniel Co-­‐made
&
co-­‐analyzed
the
biogeographical
maps,
wrote
errors
and
uncertainties
section,
aided
in
finding
data
used,
created
Title
page
and
table
of
contents,
aided
in
the
editing
of
final
project
text.
Steph Co-­‐made
and
co-­‐analyzed
the
biogeographical
maps
and
final
map.
Wrote
executive
summary,
biogeographical
section
of
the
report,
and
aided
in
the
editing
of
final
project
text
and
formatting.
Nicole Co-­‐performed:
• Finding
data
necessary
to
create
maps
• Organizing
layers
needed
(unzipping,
work
in
ArcCatalog)
Designed
social
maps
(Map
1,
5,
6,
7),
aided
in
editing
of
final
report