LECT -1 Distributed computing
Overview of distributed computing and parallel
computing Architecture .

What is Distributed Computing ?
 Distributed computing is a type of method of
making multiple computers work together to
solve a common problem .
 It helps a computer network appear as a powerful
single computer that provides large-scale resources to
deal with complex challenges.

Example of Distributed computing ?
 Telephone and cellular networks are the classic
examples of distributed networks .
 Telephone networks have been around for over a
century and it started as an early example of a peer to
peer network.
 Cellular networks are the type of distributed networks
with base stations physically distributed in areas called
cells.

What Is Parallel Computing?
 Parallel computing is the process of
performing computational tasks across multiple
processors to improve computing speed and
efficiency. .
 It divides tasks into sub-tasks and executes them
simultaneously through different processors.

Diagram of Distributed Computing and Parallel
Computing.

Parallel Computer Architecture
 It is a type of method of organizing all the
resources to maximize the performance and the
programmability within the limits given by technology
and the cost at any instance of time.
 It adds a new dimension in the development of
computer system by using more and more number of
processors.

Diagram of Parallel computing

L-2
Overview of Distributed computing (Differences and
Similarities among Different Types of Computing) .

Differences and Similarities among Different
Types of Computing .
Parallel Computing
1. Many operations are performed
simultaneously .
2. Single computer is required .
3. Multiple processors perform
multiple operations
Distributed Computing
1. System components are located at
different locations .
Uses multiple computers.
Multiple computers perform multiple
operations

Similarities among distributed computing and Parallel Computing .
 The main Similarities between parallel and distributed computing is
that parallel computing allows multiple processors to execute tasks
simultaneously .
 While distributed computing divides a single task between multiple computers
to achieve a common goal .

Other types of Computing .
Cluster Computing-
 Distributed computing when done on a local area
network is called cluster computing.
Personal Computing Environment
 In the personal computing environment, there is a
single computer system. All the system processes are
available on the computer and executed there. The
different devices that constitute a personal computing
environment are laptops, mobiles, printers, computer
systems, scanners etc.

Different types of computing
Time Sharing Computing
 The time sharing computing environment allows
multiple users to share the system simultaneously.
Each user is provided a time slice and the processor
switches rapidly among the users according to it.
Because of this, each user believes that they are the
only ones using the system.

Similarities among Different Types of Computing .
 In the Cluster Computing- Distributed
computing is done on a local area network is called
cluster computing.
 Personal Computing Environment
In the personal computing environment, there is a
single computer system is used.

L-3 - Introduction to Virtualization and Techniques.
 Virtualization is a technique that allows to run
multiple operating system and applications on a
same server at a same time
Or
 Virtualization is a type of process which creates
logical virtual version of a server operating
system which includes storage device or network
services .

Virtualization Techniques
Types of Virtualization Techniques :
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2.Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4.Storage Virtualization.

1) Hardware Virtualization:
 When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware
system is known as hardware virtualization.
 The main job of hypervisor is to control and
monitoring the processor, memory and other
hardware resources.

2) Operating System Virtualization: -
 When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is installed on the Host operating
system instead of directly on the hardware system is
known as operating system virtualization.
Merit of operating system Virtualization –
 Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for
testing the applications on different platforms of OS.

3) Server Virtualization:
 When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the Server system is
known as server virtualization.
4) Storage Virtualization:
 Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the
physical storage from multiple network storage devices so
that it looks like a single storage device.
 Storage virtualization is also implemented by using
software applications.

Usage:
 Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and
recovery purposes.

What are types of virtualization ?
Types of Virtualization:
 1.Application Virtualization.
 2.Network Virtualization.
 3.Desktop Virtualization.
 4.Storage Virtualization.
 5.Server Virtualization.
 6.Data virtualization.

Explanation of different types
of Virtualization .
1.ApplicationVirtualization:
 It helps a user to have remote access of an application
from a server and server can store all personal
information and other characteristics of the
application but can run only on a local workstation
through the internet.

2. Network Virtualization: -
 In the network virtualization separate control and data
plan provides ability to run multiple virtual networks .
3.DesktopVirtualization:
 It provides ability to user access their Desktop on any
location by using different machine virtually and also
provides facility to user to remotely stored on a server in
the data centre.

4. Server Virtualization:
In the server virtualization a central-server (physical
server) is divided into multiple different virtual servers
by changing the identity number, processors and in it
each system can operate its own operating systems in
isolate manner.

5. Storage Virtualization:-
 Storage virtualization is an array of servers that are
managed by a virtual storage system .
 It is used to manage storage from multiple sources and
manage and utilize as a single repository.

LECT -4
Overview of x86 virtualization.
 X86 is the term used to denote the microprocessor family
based on the Intel 8086 and 8088 microprocessors.
 X86 virtualization is use to hardware-assisted
virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU.
 In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved by
complex software techniques which is necessary to
compensate for the processor's lack of hardware-assisted
virtualization capabilities while attaining reasonable
performance.

Virtualization technology
 It is a type of technology in which allows the user
to create virtual representations of servers,
storage, networks, and other physical machines.
OR
 Virtualization technology defines about the virtual
representation of servers , storage , networks and
other physical machines .

Lect -5
Virtualization techniques
(concept of VLAN , SLAN and VSAN and benefits)

Lect -5
What is VSAN ?
 Virtual storage area network (VSAN is a software-
defined storage (SDS) management architecture—has
enormous benefits which includes enhanced
flexibility and scalability.
 A virtual storage area network (VSAN) is a software-
based component that provides a virtualized ‘pool’ of
storage to multiple virtual machines (VMs) and
applications.

Advantages of VSAN
 Better information lifecycle management -
Virtualization administrators can relocate frequently
accessed data to high-performance storage, pushing rarely
accessed data regions onto less expensive storage resources.
 Improved manageability –
Although it's relatively easy to manage identical drives, the
task can become much more difficult if storage resources
involve several vendors or even several models from the
same vendor. A VSAN isn't only easy to set up, but
straightforward to manage and provision.

Advantages of VSAN
 Reduced total cost of ownership.
A VSAN can be deployed on inexpensive x86 servers,
eliminating the need for large upfront investments.

What is VLAN ?
 A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a virtualized
connection that connects multiple devices and
network nodes from different LANs into one logical
network.
 VLANs enable logical grouping of end-stations that
are physically dispersed on a network.

Benefits of VLAN.

Thanks