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Census vs sampling
1. CENSUS VS SAMPLING
PROBABILITY & NON -PROABILITY
SAMPLING
SAMPLING & NON -SAMPLING ERROR
PRESENTED BY:
DHIRESH CHAWLA
SUNIL CHICHRA
VIVEK PANDEY
2. WHEN DATA IS TO BE COLLECTED FROM
EACH MEMBER OF THE POPULATION, IT
IS KNOWN AS CENSUS SURVEY
WHEN DATA IS TO BE COLLECTED ONLY
FROM SOME MEMBERS OF THE
POPULATION, IT IS KNOWN AS SAMPLE
SURVEY
3. Sampling Method Advantage over Census Method
Speed
: Less Time
Economy : Less Expensive
Adaptability
Scientific Approach : More Dependable, Less Manpower, Less
Administrative Control
Census Method Advantage over Sampling Method
Gives Exact & Accurate results
4. Sampling used in infinite cases while Census can’t
measure or studied
Ex : Inspection of Bombs
Test on Quality of Apples In those Census
Destroyed all itself
Census were Complete Enumeration while Sampling
were Partial Enumeration
5. Pros n Cons Of CENSUS Method
•
•
•
True Measure
Benchmark data obtained
for future studies
Detailed information for
sub-groups
Higher costs
Long time to collect & process
• Difficult to enumerate
•
•
6. Pros n Cons of SAMPLING Method
Low Cost
Less Time
Representative Average results
Not representative total population
Not suitable for producing benchmark data
7. Probability Sampling
Also known as Random Sampling
Randomly selection of samples
In this probability can be accurately determined
Includes :
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Random Sampling
2nd sample are taken at Interval
Stratified Random Sampling
Relevant subgroups created
10. Non-Probability Sampling
Also known as Non-Random Sampling
Selection is non-random & probability of their selection
cannot be determined
Includes :
Convenience Sampling
Based on ease of access
Purposive Sampling
Based on what researcher think
Quota Sampling
Based by defined quotas
Volunteer Sampling
Internet based opinion survey
11. Advantages & Disadvantage
Probability Sampling
Reliable
Easy estimation of errors
Costly to select
Need skilled Manpower
Sample may not provide required data in some cases
12. Advantages & Disadvantages
Non- Probability Sampling
Easy & cheap to select
Data easily obtained
Understood easily
Sampling errors can’t estimated
Variability Can’t Measured or controlled
13.
14. Sampling Error
Error caused by the act of taking a sample
They cause sample results to be different from the
results of census
Differences between the sample and the population that
exist only because of the observations that happened to
be selected for the sample
Statistical Errors are sample error
15. Causes :
Faulty Selection Of Sample
Substitution
Faulty Demarcation of sampling units
Two types of error
1. Biased error
2. Unbiased error
16. Non - Sampling Errors
Arises from other types of errors than from a sample
Ex: Tabulation errors
Occur at every stage at the planning or execution of
census or sample survey
Also Call as Systematic Error
Not controlled by sample size
17. Arises From :
Lack of Trained & experienced Investigators
Errors committed during presentation
Duplication of units
Defective frames & faulty selection of samples
units
Lack of adequate inspection & supervision of
primary staff
Errors in data processing operation like as
coding, tabulation etc.