understand different sleep disorders

1. Sleep Disorders
Dr. Suresh Kumar Murugesan PhD
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2. About the Presenter
● Dr.Suresh Kumar Murugesan is a passionate Professor, researcher and Mental
Health Practitioner from Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
● At present he is heading the PG Department of Psychology, The American College,
Madurai
● He is very keen in research studies and open to learn.
● His ultimate aim is to make impression in the field of Knowledge
● His area of specializations are Psychomentry, Psychotherapy, Positive Psychology,
Education Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Cyber Psychology etc
● He has published 30 journal articles, 50 Conference and seminar proceedings
● Organised more than 500 webinars and acted as a resource person for 175 +
webinar session
● Received 4 Awards and delivered 25+ Radio Talks
● Qualified UGC NET in Psychology and Education, Central Teacher Eligibility Test
● Published three books
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3. Disclaimer ● This presentation is prepared for learning
purpose only and all the images used in
this presentation are taken from google
image search.
● Due recognition was given to all the
material collected from the various
sources.
● Any name or reference is not included
according to your knowledge kindly bring
it to the notice of the presenter for
inclusion.
● Email - sureshkumar800@yahoo.com
● Thank you

4. Sleep Sleep is a complex biological process that helps people
● process new information,
● stay healthy, and
● re-energize.
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5. Sleep Sleep is a state where awareness to environmental stimuli is reduced.
Sleep is different from states of
● coma,
● hibernation and
● death by the fact that it can be rapidly reversed.
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6. What is Disorder?
Disorder – An illness that disrupts normal physical or
mental functions. Oxford English Dictionary.
A disorder could be defined as a set of problems, which
result in causing significant
1. difficulty,
2. distress,
3. impairment and/or
4. suffering in a person's daily life.
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7. Sleep Disorder 1. The collective term sleep disorder refers to conditions that
affect sleep quality, timing, or duration and impact a
person’s ability to properly function while they are awake.
2. Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the
ability to sleep well on a regular basis.
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8. Sleep Disorder
People with sleep disorders may
1. Feel irritable or sleepy during the day
2. Have difficulty staying awake when sitting still, watching
television or reading
3. Fall asleep or feel very tired while driving
4. Have difficulty concentrating
5. Often get told by others that you look tired
6. React slowly
7. Have trouble controlling the emotions
8. Feel like you have to take a nap almost every day
9. Require caffeinated beverages to keep yourself going
10. Notice irregular circadian rhythm
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9. Causes Sleep Disorders
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10. Causes Sleep Disorders
1. Heart disease,
2. Lung disease
3. Nerve disorders,
4. Pain
5. Mental illnesses, including stress, depression and anxiety
6. Medicines
7. Genetics
8. Allergies
9. Respiratory problems
10. Caffeine and alcohol
11. Lifestyle - irregular schedule, such as working the night
shift
12. Aging etc
Sometimes the cause is unknown.
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11. Symptoms of Sleep Disorders
Common symptoms of sleep disorders are
1. difficulty falling or staying asleep
2. daytime fatigue
3. strong urge to take naps during the day
4. unusual breathing patterns
5. unusual or unpleasant urges to move while falling
asleep
6. unusual movement or other experiences while
asleep
7. unintentional changes to your sleep/wake schedule
8. irritability or anxiety
9. impaired performance at work or school
10. lack of concentration
11. depression
12. weight gain
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12. Diagnostic areas of
Sleep disorders
● Brain wave changes
● Eye movements
● Breathing rate
● Blood pressure
● Heart rate and electrical activity of the heart and other muscles
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13. Sleep
Disorders
diagnosis -
Methods
● Polysomnography (PSG): This is a lab sleep study that
evaluates oxygen levels, body movements, and brain
waves to determine how they disrupt sleep vs. home
sleep study (HST) that is performed in your own and is
used to diagnose sleep apnea.
● Electroencephalogram (EEG): This is a test that
assesses electrical activity in the brain and detects any
potential problems associated with this activity. It’s part
of a polysomnography.
● Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): This daytime
napping study is used in conjunction with a PSG at night
to help diagnose narcolepsy.
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14. Treatments
options for
Sleep
Disorders
1. Medications
2. Good sleep habits / Sleep Hygiene practices
3. Lifestyle changes
4. Cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques to
reduce anxiety about getting enough sleep
5. CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine for
sleep apnea
6. Bright light therapy (in the morning)
7. Natural products, such as melatonin.
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15. Medical
treatments
Medical treatment for sleep disturbances might include any of the following:
● sleeping pills
● melatonin supplements
● allergy or cold medication
● medications for any underlying health issues
● breathing device or surgery (usually for sleep apnea)
● a dental guard (usually for teeth grinding)
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17. Sleep
Habits
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19. Lifestyle
changes
● incorporating more vegetables and fish into your diet, and
reducing sugar intake
● reducing stress and anxiety by exercising and stretching
● creating and sticking to a regular sleeping schedule
● drinking less water before bedtime
● limiting caffeine intake, especially in the late afternoon or
evening
● decreasing tobacco and alcohol use
● eating smaller low carbohydrate meals before bedtime
● maintaining a healthy weight
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22. CPAP
(continuous
positive airway
pressure)
machine for
sleep apnea
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23. Bright light
therapy (in
the
morning)
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24. Natural
products,
such as
melatonin
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25. Classification of
Sleep Disorders
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26. 1. Insomnia
a. Chronic insomnia disorder
b.Short-term insomnia disorder
c. Other insomnia disorder
d.Isolated symptoms and normal variants
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27. 2. Sleep-related
breathing
disorders
a. Obstructive sleep apnea disorders
b. Central sleep apnea syndrome
c. Sleep-related hypoventilation
disorders
d. Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder
e. Isolated symptoms and normal
variants
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28. a. Obstructive
sleep apnea
disorders
I. Obstructive sleep apnea, adult
ii. Obstructive sleep apnea, pediatric
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29. b. Central sleep
apnea syndrome
i. Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-
Stokes breathing
ii. Central sleep apnea due to a
medical dis- order without Cheyne-
Stokes breathing
iii. Central sleep apnea due to high
altitude periodic breathing
iv. Central sleep apnea due to
medication or substance
v. Primary central sleep apnea
vi. Primary central sleep apnea of infancy
vii. Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity
viii. Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea
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30. c. Sleep-related
hypoventilatio
n disorders
i. Obesity hypoventilation
syndrome
ii. Congenital central alveolar
hypoventilation syndrome
iii. Late-onset central hypoventilation
with hypothalamic dysfunction
iv. Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation
v. Sleep-related hypoventilation due
to medication or substance
vi. Sleep-related hypoventilation due to
medical disorder
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31. Sleep
Disorder
d Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder
e. Isolated symptoms and normal variants
i. Snoring
ii. Catathrenia
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32. 3. Central
disorders of
hypersomnolence
a. Narcolepsy type I
b. Narcolepsy type II
c. Idiopathic hypersomnia
d. Kleine-Levin syndrome
e. Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder
f. Hypersomnia due to a medication or
substance
g. Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric
disorder
h. Insufficient sleep syndrome
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33. 4. Circadian
rhythm
sleep–wake
disorders
a. Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder
b.Advanced sleep–wake phase disorder
c. Irregular sleep–wake rhythm
d.Non-24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder
e. Shift work disorder
f. Jet lag disorder
g.Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder not
otherwise specified (NOS)
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34. 5. Parasomnias
a.NREM-related parasomnias
b. REM-related parasomnias
c.Other parasomnias
d. Isolated symptoms and normal
variants
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35. a. NREM-related parasomnias
i. Disorders of arousal from NREM sleep
ii. Confusional arousals
iii. Sleepwalking
iv. Sleep terrors
v. Sleep-related eating disorder
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36. b. REM-related
parasomnias
i. REM sleep behavior disorder
Ii. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
Iii. Nightmare disorder
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37. c. Other
parasomnias
i. Exploding head syndrome
ii. Sleep-related hallucinations
iii. Sleep enuresis
iv. Parasomnia due to medical
disorder
v. Parasomnia due to medication
or substance
Vi. Parasomnia, unspecified
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38. D. Isolated symptoms and normal
variants
i. Sleep talking
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39. 6. Sleep-
related
movement
disorders
● a. Restless legs syndrome
● b. Periodic limb movement disorder
● c. Sleep-related leg cramps
● d. Sleep-related bruxism
● e. Sleep-related rhythmic movement
disorder
● f. Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
● g. Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset
● h. Sleep-related movement disorder
due to medical disorder
● i. Sleep-related movement disorder
due to medication or substance
● j. Sleep-related movement disorder,
unspecified
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40. References
1. https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/disorders#outlook
2. https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/sleep-disorders-and-problems.htm
3. https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html
4. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders
5. https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-requirements
6. https://medicinainternaelsalvador.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/internation-classification-ICSD-III-beta.pdf
7. http://www.drawbridgedds.com/PM_PDF/The_International_Classification_of_Sleep_Disorders.pdf
8. https://aasm.org/resources/clinicalguidelines/040515.pdf
9. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/ccf/media/Files/Neurological-Institute/sleep-disorders-center/understanding-sleep-
disorders-treatment-guide.pdf
10. http://samples.jbpub.com/9781284030273/Chapter2_Secure.pdf
11. http://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/pdfs/facts/Common%20Sleep%20Disorders.pdf
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41. References
1. Ananya Mandal (Jan 29, 2020). What is Sleep?
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-sleep.aspx
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