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Sustainable Communities SA - presentation by Professor Peter Newman
- 1. Sustainability: What it can mean for people and communities? By Peter Newman Professor of Sustainability Curtin University
- 2. The Sustainability Story Mid 90’s to 2000’s Environmental Ecological Protection and Economics Improvement Economic Development Sustainability Community “Sense of Health Place” Social Development
- 3. Sustainability in cities: reducing footprint whilst increasing liveability…
- 4. My niche… ‘Oil vulnerability’ and ‘car dependence’…. ….born out of the pain of the 1970’s oil crises
- 6. The Hubbert Peak Sci Amer 1971
- 7. The Polycentric City. Walkable, green, smart centres linked by quality transit….
- 8. Community activist journey began in Fremantle in 1979… ‘the last train to Freo’
- 12. We won! Supplementary policies on traffic demand management, parking restrictions, congestion taxes…. can all help, but will be reduced to marginal exercises unless the structure of the city is addressed in terms of the relative speed of traffic compared to sustainable transport modes.
- 14. Then won three more times… 7 mill pass/yr to 57 mill/yr in 15 years
- 15. 1992 - Northern Suburbs Railway Now equal to 8 lanes of traffic….
- 17. Year Route Km 1982 42km 1983 63km 1993 92km 2004 96km 2005 100km 2006 172km Total 172km 54 kms within freeway median
- 18. Opening of new Southern Railway 90% approval ratings and already paid off. Carrying 65,000 per day cf 14,000 on buses. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 20. Meanwhile the academic….Fuel Use Decreases as Density Increases
- 21. National and global model… $17 mill per km…. higher numbers from Travel Smart suburbs!
- 22. iANNUALRAILBOARDINGS('000s: TrainandTram) 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Y 1999 EAR 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Perth Adelaide
- 23. Next phase light rail… • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 24. The next phase in Perth…. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 25. Perth: 21st Century City Focus on the 13 big development projects in Perth and show how they can be: • Leading demonstrations of low carbon, renewable, green development • Dense, mixed use centres made viable through light rail • Financed by a new private-public mechanism that captures the value inherent in green, transit oriented development….Committee for Perth report.
- 26. INFRASTRUCTURE AUSTRALIA Nation Building package – 55% urban rail….historic!
- 28. Adelaide’s electrification and Seaford extension like Perth’s northern and southern rail lines
- 29. Why rail must continue to be the priority….
- 30. Peak oil has happened….
- 31. Climate policy: Oil's tipping point has passed Nature 481,433–435 26 January 2012
- 32. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 33. Peak oil happened in 2008 in the economy… $140 per bl
- 35. Impact on cities? • Some US suburbs collapsed in GFC
- 36. Global oil production has not risen for 5 years… • Inexorable rise in oil price of 5% per year. • Dramatic rise in 2008 revealing vulnerabilities of car dependent cities. • Car use beginning to decline…
- 37. Car use growth trends in developed cities from 1960 to 2005 using Global Cities Database. 45 4 1 .8 P e r c e n t a g e a v e r a g e in c r e a s e in c a r V K T p e r c a p ita 40 35 30 2 5 .7 25 2 2 .9 20 15 10 5 .1 5 0 1 9 6 0 -1 9 7 0 1 9 7 0 -1 9 8 0 1 9 8 0 -1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 -2 0 0 5
- 38. Passenger-kilometres by private car and light trucks, 1990 – 2009, index (1990 = 100) 160 150 Germany 140 Australia 130 France 120 United Kingdom United 110 States Japan 100 90 Oil price shock and start of crisis 80 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
- 39. Peak Car Use - US cities... • 7 years of decline • $80 a barrel in 2004 • Cities coming back in…
- 40. 19 76 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 19 -7 7 77 19 -7 8 78 19 -7 9 79 19 -8 0 80 1 9 -8 1 Hobart 81 Sydney Adelaide Brisbane 19 -8 2 82 19 - 8 3 83 19 - 8 4 84 19 - 8 5 85 19 - 8 6 Perth Darwin 86 Canberra 19 - 8 7 Melbourne 87 19 -8 8 88 19 -8 9 '000 Kms per capita by car, commercial vehicle and motorcycle 89 19 -9 0 90 19 -9 1 91 19 -9 2 92 19 -9 3 93 19 - 9 4 94 19 - 9 5 95 19 - 9 6 96 19 - 9 7 97 19 - 9 8 Per Capita Private Travel by City 98 19 -9 9 99 20 -0 0 00 20 -0 1 01 20 -0 2 02 20 -0 3 03 20 -0 4 04 20 -0 5 05 2 0 -0 6 06 2 0 -0 7 Source: BTRE (2011): Australian Infrastructure Statistics Yearbook 07 2 0 -0 8 08 -0 9
- 41. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 per 1976-77 1977-78 Kms 1.2 Capita 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 Source: BTRE (2011): Australian Infrastructure Statistics Yearbook 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 Per Capita Public Transport Travel by City 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 e Perth Hobart Darwin Sydney Adelaide Brisbane Canberra Melbourn
- 42. Annual vehicle miles per driver by age, USA, 1995, 2001, 2009
- 45. ‘Cars are so yesterday: young and rich leave guzzlers behind’ From 2001 to 2009, the average annual number of vehicle-miles travelled by young people (16 to 34 year olds) decreased from 10,300 miles to 7900 miles per capita – a drop “From 2001 to 2009, young of 23 per cent. people (16- to 34-year-olds) who lived in households with annual incomes of over $70,000 increased their use of public transit by 100 per cent, biking by 122 per cent, and walking by 37 percent.”
- 46. Shanghai 1990 and 2010 ck to edit Master text styles econd level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 47. 1990’s - Flirting with the American model…
- 48. Rapidly filled… So what can be done?
- 49. Shanghai Metro…12 lines, 273 stations, 420km covering 80% of metro area… Built mostly since 2000; carries 8 million per day k to edit Master text styles econd level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 50. Global growth now in rail and first signs of declines in car use… • 82 Chinese cities building metros and high speed rail between cities • 14 Indian cities building metros • Middle east cities building rail for first time
- 51. Economic waves The next era of innovation….the Green Economy Green Economy
- 52. Green economy symbol, Cheonggyecheon River in Seoul, buried under freeway • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 53. ⑥ ｰ 1 Cheonggyecheon Area after Restoration (http://www.metro.seoul.kr/kor2000/chungaehome/en/seoul/2sub.htm/) • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 55. History of innovation and energy…. . Next era of city building is REDUCED CARBON – green economy. Renewable Oil s & Gas Coal Woo d Water
- 56. History of innovation and cities…. Transport shapes Each era changes the city form. Cities keep the best of that era and move on. Next era of city building …. CAR S ELECTRIC and ELECT TRUCK u Renewable RIC PLANE p Gas TRAIN e Vehicles & r NMT TRAM STEA h M i TRAI g N h SHIP/ w WALK a y
- 57. So what can communities do? Communities hold all the cards….10 people focused on an issue can transform a city.
- 58. The Sustainability Story Sectoral Dimensions Market Community -goods & -values & services visions Government -regulations & infrastructure
- 59. At home? • Get out of that car, at least ensure only one car. • Can save $750,000 over a lifetime by using one less car.
- 61. Vauban Frieburg Eco-village with car- free housing.
- 64. Christie Walk Eco- Village, Adelaide. Strawbale apartments in central city; grey water to permaculture gardens; PV; no parking.
- 65. Will we get out of cars if given a bit of help?
- 67. Travel Smart
- 70. Walk/bike use increases productivity in workplace by 6%
- 71. Consistent reductions in car use of around 15% - with 27% increase in muscle-powered transport... Creates culture of alternative transport. Whole new profession created of TravelSmart Officers
- 72. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Tim Darby and • Third level Shani Graham – Fourth level » Fifth level The Hulbert Street Story
- 73. k to edit Master text styles econd level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 75. • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level
- 94. Imagine the Possibilities Transformation of a city… Photo Series: UrbanAdvantage