1. AFFORDABLE AND
CLEAN ENERGY:
WHY IT MATTERS

2. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS (SDGs)
The Sustainable Development Goals are the
blueprint to achieve a better and more
sustainable future for all. They address the
global challenges we face, including those
related to poverty, inequality, climate
change, environmental degradation, peace
and justice. The 17 Goals are all
interconnected, and in order to leave no
one behind, it is important that we achieve
them all by 2030.

3. WHAT DO THEY DO ?
• The Sustainable Development Goals are a universal call to action to end poverty,
protect the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere.
The 17 Goals were adopted by all UN Member States in 2015, as part of the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development which set out a 15-year plan to achieve the
Goals.
• Today, progress is being made in many places, but, overall, action to meet the
Goals is not yet advancing at the speed or scale required. 2020 needs to usher in
a decade of ambitious action to deliver the Goals by 2030.

5. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN
ENERGY
ENSURE ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE,
RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE, AND
MODERN ENERGY FOR ALL
Nearly 1.1 billion people had no access to electricity in 2014, and more
than 3 billion had no access to clean fuels and technologies. Goal 7
recognizes that extending access to electricity and other forms of energy is
fundamental to improving people’s lives and communities. It aims for
efficiencies in energy use and the promotion of renewable sources to
sustainably manage resources for development.

6. WHY GOAL 7 ?
Between 2000 and 2016, the number of people with
electricity increased from 78 to 87 percent, and the numbers
without electricity dipped to just below one billion.
Yet as the population continues to grow, so will the demand
for cheap energy, and an economy reliant on fossil fuels is
creating drastic changes to our climate.
Investing in solar, wind and thermal power, improving energy
productivity, and ensuring energy for all is vital if we are to
achieve SDG 7 by 2030.
Expanding infrastructure and upgrading technology to
provide clean and more efficient energy in all countries will
encourage growth and help the environment.

7. THE TARGETS
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
TO MODERN ENERGY
By 2030, ensure universal
access to affordable, reliable
and modern energy services.
TARGET 7.1
INCREASE
GLOBAL PERCENTAGE OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
By 2030, increase substantially
the share of renewable energy
in the global energy mix.
TARGET 7.2
DOUBLE THE
IMPROVEMENT IN ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
By 2030, double the global rate
of improvement in energy
efficiency.
TARGET 7.3

8. PROMOTE ACCESS TO RESEARCH,
TECHNOLOGY AND INVESTMENTS IN
CLEAN ENERGY
By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate
access to clean energy research and technology, including
renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and
cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in
energy infrastructure and clean energy technology.
TARGET 7.4
EXPAND AND UPGRADE ENERGY
SERVICES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for
supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in
developing countries.
TARGET 7.5

9. HOW MANY
PEOPLE ARE
LIVING
WITHOUT
ELECTRICITY?
Nearly 9 out of 10 people now have access to
electricity, but reaching the unserved 789 million
around the world – 548 million people in sub-
Saharan Africa alone – that lack to access will require
increased efforts. Without electricity, women and
girls have to spend hours fetching water, clinics
cannot store vaccines for children, many school
children cannot do homework at night, and people
cannot run competitive businesses. Slow progress
towards clean cooking solutions is of grave global
concern, affecting both human health and the
environment devastatingly.

11. INDIA AND GOAL 7
India and Goal 7 India is projected to be a significant
contributor to the rise in global energy demand, around
one-quarter of the total. However, as of 2016, more than
207 million people in India do not have access to
electricity.
The government’s National Solar Mission is playing an
important role in the work towards renewable energy, and
interventions in rural electrification and new ultra-mega
power projects are moving India towards achieving
universal energy access.

12. CHALLENGES WITH REGARD TO
ELECTRICITY IN INDIA
The main problem is not of availability rather affordability.
Even though the number of household electrified is 96% but meaningful access is
only 37%. The problem faced in states like Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh is
of connectivity while in case of Madhya Pradesh issue is of reliability and quality.
In these states, some household don’t have connection due to unavailability of
grid. While majority of population have grid in the vicinity but they have not taken
connection due to lack of affordability.
One of the key challenges which India faces with regard to electricity is the issue
of distribution.
The major problem is to ensure the quality of supply even though households
have been electrified as in December 2016, 41 % of household experience power
cut for more than 15 hours per day even though considered as electrified.

13. WHY INDIA FACES THESE CHALLENGES
High dependence on
electricity imports
leading to insecurity
in supply.
Low level of private
sector investments in
power projects.
Inadequate coal block
linkage and natural
gas (NG) supply .
Insufficient supply of
electricity to remote
areas which witness
increased habitations.
Lack of business
models for renewable
energy projects.

14. INDIA HAS POTENTIAL FOR SOLAR ENERGY
• India is a tropical country where sunshine is available for longer hours
per day and in great intensity.
• The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7
kWh/meter square with about 1500 – 2000 sunshine hours per year,
depending upon location resulting in aggregate incident radiation
of about 5000 trillion kWh/yr.
• This is too higher than the current total energy consumption. Hence
solar energy has the potential to be a great source of future energy

15. NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION
• The National Solar Mission is an initiative of the Government of India and
State Governments to promote solar power.
• The mission is one of the several policies of the National Action Plan on
Climate Change.
• India increased its solar power generation capacity by nearly 5 times from
2,650 MW on 26 May 2014 to 12,288.83 MW on 31 March 2017. The
country added 9,362.65 MW in 2017–18, the highest of any year. The
original target of 20 GW was surpassed in 2018, four years ahead of the
2022 deadline.
• In December 2014, the Government of India introduced a scheme to
establish at least 25 solar parks and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects to
add over 20 GW of installed solar power capacity.
• The Central Government provides financial support for the construction of
these solar projects.
• As of December 2016, the Central Government has provided in-principle
approval to set up 34 solar parks across 21 states. Each power project has
a minimum capacity of 500 MW.

16. INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIANCE (ISA)
• PM Modi said, “The Sun is the source of all energy. The
world must turn to solar, the power of our future”. It is
an alliance of the “sunshine countries” i.e., the countries
lying in between the two tropics – Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn with an objective of efficient
utilization of solar energy. The alliance was formed with
the intent to reduce the dependence on non-renewable
sources of energy like fossil fuels. Modi referred to the
sun-rich countries as “Suryaputras” and spoke about the
huge potential of these countries to make use of the
abundant natural resource, solar energy.
• The International Solar Alliance is a group of nations
that lies within the Tropics (Tropic of Cancer and Tropic
of Capricorn) and receive sunshine for more than 300
days.
• It is a platform for the collaboration of sunshine
countries in the domain of energy security.

17. ONE SUN ONE WORLD ONE
GRID (OSOWOG)
The One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) is a transnational
electricity grid supplying power all over the world. The idea was
first proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s during the first
assembly of the International Solar Alliance(ISA) in 2018.
As per the draft made by the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) the scale of the OSOWOG is ambitious, aiming to
provide energy to about 140 countries through a common grid
that will transfer solar power.
• The concept behind the OSOWOG is ‘The Sun Never Sets’ and
is a constant at some geographical location, globally, at any
given point of time.
• The fundamental concept behind OSOWOS is to develop a
transnational grid that will be laid all over the globe to
transport the solar power generated across the globe to
different load centers. It would thus help in realizing the
vision of “One Sun, One World, One Grid” articulated by India.

18. INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIA

19. Everyone can help to make sure that we meet
the Global Goals. Together we can ensure
affordable and clean energy for all.
At individual level, using energy judiciously in
your everyday life can really make a difference.
• Use less electrical appliances: Using sunlight
when available instead of artificial lights.
• Switching off electricity when not in use.
• Instead of cars and bikes, a bicycle should be
used as it conserves fuel.
• Carpooling: It is the sharing of a car instead
of the use of different private transport by
different people.
• Use public transport and public services.