2. Pituitary Gland
Sections of Pituitary land
Types of Pituitary Tumor
Tests, Diagnosis & Treatment of
pituitary disorders
3.
Located at the base of the
brain, just behind the eyes
and it sits in a tiny bony
space called the sella turcica.
Small, cherry-shaped
double structure attached by
a stalk to the base of the
brain.
4. Pituitary gland is
connected directly to part
of the brain called the
hypothalamus.
Hypothalamus releases
hormones into tiny blood
vessels directly connected
to the pituitary gland.
These cause the pituitary
gland to make its own
hormones.
5. Master Gland
Releases substances which control the basic
functions of
Growth
metabolism
reproduction
10. Pituitary Gland Tumor
Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop
in your pituitary gland.
The most frequent type of pituitary disorder is a
pituitary gland tumor.
10% of all primary brain tumors are pituitary
tumors
Hypersecretion, Hyposecretion, & Tumor mass
effects are Problems Caused by Pituitary Tumor.
11. Benign tumors of the pituitary gland.
found due to hormonal imbalances that
affect bodily functions.
relatively small when detected.
remain confined to the sella turcica.
People can develop pituitary adenomas at
any age.
Most pituitary adenomas are in the front
part (anterior lobe) of the pituitary gland.
14. Symptoms
Changes in menstrual cycle
Headaches
Fatigue and decreased energy
Infertility
Vision problems
Osteoporosis or bone loss
Galactorrhea(breast milk production)
16. Side Effects
Dizziness
Drowsiness
nausea,
Vomiting
Diarrhea or constipation
Confusion
Depression
17. Acromegaly is a rare disease caused by a GH-secreting
pituitary adenoma in more than 99% of patients
Symptoms
Acral enlargement
Excessive sweating
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias
Thick and coarse skin, skin tags
Goiter
Pituitary insufficiency
Interrupted menstrual cycle
Deepening of the voice
Fatigue
Osteoarthritis or bone loss
19. Cushing's disease occurs when a pituitary tumor secretes too much
ACTH, the hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands. Too much
ACTH causes the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol.
21. A TSH-secreting pituitary tumor produces too much thyroid-stimulating hormone,
which then causes the thyroid gland to make too much thyroid hormone. This
leads to hyp.erthyroidism.
Symptoms
Fast heartbeat
Irregular menstrual cycle
Headaches
Visual disturbances
Difficulty sleeping
More frequent bowel movements
Inability to tolerate heat
Excessive sweating
Fatigue
Weight loss
Shakiness
Nervousness
22. Treatment
Transsphenoidal microsurgery through the nasal sinuses.
Somatostatin analogue is an effective medication to reduce
TSH levels, which in turn lowers thyroid hormone levels.
Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy will destroy the
remaining tumor, but the process is slow.
23. Non-functioning adenomas:
some tumors of the pituitary do not secret too many
hormones Instead, they cause health problems because of
their size and location.
It cause headaches and vision problems.
It includes-
Craniopharyingiomas and
Rathke's cleft cysts
24. These masses on or near the pituitary gland are non-
cancerous growths, but they may be mistaken for a pituitary
tumor on an MRI scan.
Do not arise from the hormone-producing cells of the
pituitary gland.
Craniopharyngiomas are most common during childhood,
but can also be found and cause problems in older adults.
25. Growth failure in children
Delayed puberty in children
Reduced or loss of sex drive
Constipation
Nausea
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Obesity
Headaches
Menstrual irregularities/loss of menstrual cycle
Milk discharge from breasts
Fatigue
Dry skin
Low blood pressure
Visual disturbances
Confusion
27. Tests and diagnosis
Doctor will use one or more tests to find out
Pituitary adenoma depends on the presenting symptoms
A list of the common tests, procedures, and scans that doctors
can use to find out
28. Factors Influencing Diagnostic Test
Doctor may consider these factors when choosing a
diagnostic test:
• Age and medical condition
• Type of tumor suspected
• Signs and symptoms
• Previous test results
29. Diagnosis of a Pituitary Tumor (adenoma)
Blood and Urine tests
Vision Testing
Endocrine Diagnostics
Brain Imaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans
-Computed Tomography (CT) scan
30. Blood and Urine tests
A blood test may be recommended to measure the amounts
of certain hormones in the blood.
If Cushing's disease is suspected, samples of saliva may be
collected as well as one or more 24-hour urine samples.
31. Macro adenoma on magnetic resonance
imaging.
Macro adenoma (arrow) on computed
tomography
Brain Imaging:
32. MRI scans use radio waves and strong
magnets to create detailed pictures of the
inside of the body.
The energy from the radio waves is absorbed
and then released in a pattern formed by the
type of tissue and by certain diseases.
33. The CT scan uses x-rays to create detailed
cross-sectional images of part of the body.
CT scans can find a pituitary adenoma if it is
large enough, but MRI scans are used much
more often to look at the brain and pituitary
gland.
34. Surgery
1. Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Approach:
-remove the tumor through nose and sinuses
without an external incision.
2. Ranial Transapproach (craniotomy):
-Tumor is removed through the upper part of your
skull by way of an incision in your scalp.
35. Radiation therapy
1. External beam radiation:
-delivers radiation in small increments over a
period of time.
2. Gamma Knife stereotactic radio surgery:
-focuses radiation beams precisely on the tumor
without an incision.