5. Past or Past-participle. Past form: The past form tells us that something is finished and doesn’t touch the “now” in what we are talking about. Eg it’s dead. For example: I was very sad. I ate a hamburger for breakfast. Past participles: Tell us that something is finished but still affects the “now”. Or it can be used about a finished action in order to use this action as an adjective. For example: I have eaten two apples today. The book was written by Ian Banks.