History of missions lesson 9 - 19th century southeast asia

Missions
History of Missions
Dr. Robert Patton
Missionary to Suriname,
South America

Isaac McCoy
 Started in Ft Wayne, Indiana
 Successful in Southern Michigan but
feared encroachment of whites
 He arranged through the government
for land for the Indians west of Missouri
 Pottawatomies moved to Kansas
forceably

Isaac McCoy
 Agreed with Georgia to remove the
Cherokee Indians. Other missionaries
disapproved; some put to hard labor,
others dragged off in chains
 A great injustice done to the Indians;
20% died in the trail of tears. They
were forceably moved in winter without
shoes/moccasins or adequate clothing

Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
 Both felt called to missions to the Indians.
Marcus was trained as a doctor. They met,
discussed marriage, and were married after a
partial trip to Oregon by Marcus. Narcissa
became pregnant on the trip.
 They traveled with Henry and Eliza Spaulding.
Henry was a minister, but difficult, and Narcissa
had refused marriage to him before meeting
Marcus Whitman

Marcus Whitman
 Settled at Waiilatpu
 Asked for reinforcements & 3 families
came, but much tension and fighting,
with no clear leadership. Other families
were recalled
 Their only daughter drown age 2 –
wandered off. Narcissa had many times
of depression

The mission grew materially
 They sold to other immigrants
 The Cayuse Indians resented the prosperity of
Whitman, who led a group of 1000 settlers
from the East to Oregon
 Narcissa took care of 7 Sager orphans
 Marcus helped in a plague which killed 50% of
the Cayuse Indians, but they suspected he
was poisoning them and being a failed
shaman

Marcus Whitman
 The Cayuse attacked the compound of
72, killing 14 including Marcus and his
wife. The rest were held 5 weeks in
captivity.
 Five Indians were captured & hanged

Spalding had success with the
Nez Pierce Indians
 The Spauldings moved to Idaho as the
first settlers there, and he preached
 Many were saved
 He did translation work as well, started
a school and later one for Indians.
 After his death, two ladies took over,
trained Indians, and they evangelized

Stephen and Mary Riggs
 Stephen and Mary Riggs worked for 40
years in the Dakotas with the Sioux
Indians. The initial times were filled
with fighting and bloodshed
 The real breakthrough came when
there was an uprising against the
whites when they did not receive their
normal funds and killed a few whites.

Stephen and Mary Riggs
 Several hundred Sioux were captured
and sentenced to death. Most were
pardoned by nearly 40 hung. The
others were convicted of their sinful
lifestyle and many asked for salvation.
Riggs and another missionary worked in
their midst, and a small revival took
place with many saved.

Bishop John Horden, CMS
missionary to Hudson Bay
 Arrived with his wife, started teaching
and preaching. Learned Cree, and then
several other Indian languages, Eskimo
and Norwegian
 Eventually consecrated as bishop of a
huge territory 1500 miles or so.
Traveled and preached;
 Translated the Bible into Cree

Bishop John Horden & Fort
Churchhill – arctic tundra

Difficulties in Indian work
 There was a tendency to equate
“civilizing” and converting the Indians -
so that their own culture was not
respected.
 Sometimes there was an attitude of
superiority among the missionaries
 There was a contest over the land
which the Indians considered sacred

Difficulties in Indian work
 Work with the Indians was less than
successful for several reasons:
 There was a lot of mercenary reasons
that the Indians were “evangelized” and
sometimes forcibly removed from their
homes. The Cherokee Indians were the
worst abused in the trail of tears as
shown previously

The 19th century – the great
century of Missions
 Hinduism, Buddhism, & Islam were
quiescent
 Roman Catholicism had problems from
rationalism & the French Revolution
 Protestantism was growing rapidly,
especially in the USA
 Britain became a dominant power, with
France, Holland, and Germany & Italy

19th century
 After bloody revolutions, the world was
more at peace. Europe started to grow
and multiple nations colonized
 Western nations and industrialization
led to their world power status
 Religion was no longer under the state
 Revivals occurred

Roman Catholicism and
Orthodox
 Orthodox church began to move again
and free from the Turks
 Roman Catholicism gradually became
unified after destruction by Napolean
 France became more dominant in
missions

The 19th century – the great
century of Missions
 It was no longer the state, but the
individual who must propagate the faith
 The voluntary missions societies grew
tremendously – both denominational
and independent

Colonialism
 There was some tie with colonialism &
imperialism –both advantage and
disadvantage
 Colonialists often opposed missionaries,
and missionaries were scandalized by
the lives of many colonists

Missions brought
 Democracy
 Schools
 Hospitals
 Universities
 But a sense of superiority of the white
man and his culture

Location of missions
 Mostly initially along the coast; later
went to the interior
 Much opposition from the trading
companies, who viewed missions as
interfering with their profits
 1-3% of population converted in China
and India, etc.

Preparation for effective
missions
 Jonathan Edwards had a big impact - both by
writing and preaching with revival, and also
by the diary of David Brainerd. He also was a
missionary to the Indians for 8 years. His son
also learned Mohican
 Great theologian and revivalist with most
famous sermon in USA – Sinners in the Hands
of an Angry God
 Died of smallpox vaccination as president of
Yale University

Phillip Doddridge
 20th child, always in poor health
 Became a nonconformist pastor and
hymnwriter
 Greatly influenced by the writings of
Richard Baxter of a previous century.
Baxter had been jailed as well – wanting to
have missionary movement

Phillip Doddridge
 Phillip Dodderidge was influencial in
England, influencing Wilberforce, who
eliminated slavery, and Whitefield, the
great evangelist.
 He proposed a mission society, but it
was 64 years before they did anything
except organize prayer meetings

The first awakening in
America
 Theodorus Frelinghuysen, Reformed
pastor influenced by Dutch Pietists saw
many converted. He linked with Gilbert
Tennent, later founder of Princeton
University, for the First Great
Awakening.
 Later fires stirred by George Whitefield’s
preaching with thousands saved

Theodorus Frelinghuysen &
Gilbert Tennent

missions
 John and Charles Wesley were influenced by
many of the above men
 They received assurance of salvation from
Moravians on shipboard to America
 Wesley had great success in spiritual revival
in America

missions - Thomas Coke
 Thomas Coke, only 5 ft. 1 in and heavy, was
closely alligned with John Wesley and
considered his successor.
 Wesleyans put Thomas Coke as bishop, who
sent 43 missionaries to the new world.
 He made 16 trips to the United States, four to
the caribbean, but also to Africa (Sierra
Leone) and pushed missions.
 He died on a trip with six missionaries to
Ceylon

missions
 Andrew Fuller was liberated from extreme
Calvinism, writing to confront sinners with the
gospel. Carey was liberated from the same.
Finally in 1792, after publishing Carey’s
booklet, they formed a mission society, with
about 12 following over the next 25 years.
 Fuller became the secretary and preached
widely. Opposed by many Baptists, and
especially by the Presbyterians

William Carey – father of
modern missions (1761-1834)
 Born 1761 the son of a weaver
 Apprenticed as a shoemaker because allergies
prevented his being a gardener
 Converted as a teen through a coworker
 Married the daughter of his master, Dorothy,
who was 5 years his senior

 Became a pastor and gradually realized the
church’s responsibility to the heathen despite
the influence of Reformed theology
 He wrote the classic 87 page book concerning
missions
 Preached a classic sermon: Expect great
things from God; attempt great things
for God. A Baptist missionary society was
then begun

William Carey and Serempore
College

 He offered to accompany Dr. John Thomas
who was appointed – had been to India
before.
 His wife as well as his family were strongly
opposed. She was pregnant with their fourth
child, and refused to go.
 His original plan to go with Thomas and his
family, along with his 8 month son, was
stopped because Thomas must settle debts
before leaving

 Dorothy changed her mind, and went with
the new baby and her sister Kitty arriving in
India in 1793
 They moved because of pressure from the
East India company to a swampy area, later
helped by Mr Short from the company
 Carey moved 300 miles north, and was the
foreman of an indigo plant

William Carey
 After the death of their 5 year old son, his
wife went crazy and accused him of adultery
and tried to kill him
 He was depressed, but started a church and
translation, but no convert for 7 years at
Malda
 He then moved to Serempore, under Danish
control, where he was for 34 years

William Carey
 Marshman and Ward were there, plus
Marshman’s wife – and they worked well as a
team
 He translated the entire Bible in 3 languages
though some needed much reworking, and
the New Testament in 23 other languages
Carey revised the Bengali 8 times, and it has
still been replaced. Marshman translated the
Bible into Chinese – though not idiomatic

William Carey
 Set up a large printing operation, and
eventually Serempore College for
training nationals
 He became Professor of Oriental
Languages at Fort William College,
which help with income and influence
with the British

William Carey
 He neglected his family; fortunately others
helped them
 Dorothy died age 51
 Six months later he married Lady Charlotte
Rumhor, a Dane, whom he saw converted
and baptized earlier despite opposition.
The marriage was happy for 13 years and
she mothered his boys

William Carey
 Charlotte helped translation work.
 After her death, he married Grace
Hughes at age 62 (she was 45) – again
a happy marriage
 When younger missionaries came, there
was a split and the younger
missionaries set up another station a
few miles away.

William Carey
 The new missionaries had support of
the Baptist Mission society, who insisted
in running the mission from a distance
 Eventually Serempore severed
relationships, but had to recind when
finances became a problem
 London began to run missions in areas
they did not know with missionaries
they had never met

 He had started training nationals
 He also opposed suttee, but basically
tried to leave the Indian culture intact
 He wanted an indigenous church with
indigenous culture.
 He was also an expert botanist
 He lived modestly and supported other
missionaries

William Carey
 Four of his own sons became
missionaries
 Two of his co-workers, Ward and
Marshman, were also recognized as
great missionaries as well

Principles of Carey’s mission
work
 Widespread preaching the gospel at every
opportunity
 Distribution of the Bible in the languages of
the people
 Establishment of a church as soon as possible
 Study background and thought of the native
people
 Training for indigenous ministry

Anglican work
 As the British took over India during the
time of William Carey, and replaced the
power of the East India Company, they
sent a number of effective bishops to
organize the work in England, including
Middleton, Heber, and Wilson

Anglican work in South India
 The Mar Thomas churches that were under
the pope wanted neither the pope nor the
Portuguese. There was an attempt to bring in
a Syrian bishop which lasted briefly. Then the
Anglicans came, but there was rejection of the
missionaries, and then a second group and
second split. Finally the Mar Thoma church
was established.

South India
 Rhenius organized the church around
schools with a teacher-catechist as the
center. This was successful
 Some prominent Indians also developed
the church, and invited missionary
Ringeltaube who baptized about 1000
converts

First American missionary
 George Lisle - black man going to Jamaica;
freed slave who started 2 churches in America
 Attempts made to put him back into slavery,
so he went with his wife and 4 children to
Jamaica
 He was successful as an evangelist and a
church planter there. Got some support from
England

Missions mentors
 Jonathan Edwards had moved away
from Calvinism through the influence of
Samuel Hopkins and Joseph Bellamy
 Jonathan Edwards influenced Edward D.
Griffen, top Yale graduate. Samuel
Mills was converted under his preaching
and influenced by his missionary
sermon “The Kingdom of Christ”

Samuel Mills
 Mills distributed the sermon at Williams
College, and this stimulated the famous
haystack meeting.
 Started a group of “brethren” with idea
of starting a missions group
 Mills was instrumental in starting the
American Bible Society

The “haystack prayer
meeting”
 In 1802, five men from Williams College
met for prayer for a lost world. During
a rainstorm, they sought shelter under
a haystack. They committed
themselves to become missionaries
 Adoniram Judson later joined them, and
then became the first USA missionary

Monument at Williams College
for haystack meeting

Griffin starts a new seminary –
Andover
 Mills and his group connected to Andover
 Griffin suggested they start a mission group
among Congregationalists
 Mills later stayed in the USA, goes to the
frontier, noted the lack of Bibles, and asked
Griffin to start a Bible society
 Later Timothy Dwight, grandson of
Edwards, saw revival as Yale’s president

Adoniram Judson
 Brilliant, graduated valedictorian from
Brown University at age 19.
 However, he was influenced by deist
Jacob Eames and went to New York to
be a playwright.
 He had no success, and stopped at an
inn when he heard the terrible groans
of James Eames, who he heard die.

Adoniram Judson
 His father and others started Andover
seminary, and he attended as a special
student and got saved.
 He vowed to be a missionary after
hearing a British minister
 He went to get support under the
London Missionary Society, but they did
not want to fund an American
missionary

Adoniram Judson
 He returned when he heard that the
American board had received a sizeable
inheritance
 He married Ann Nancy Hasseltine, who
was truly called to missions
 13 days later they headed for India,
and en route made an extensive study
of baptism. They were baptized by
William Ward in Serempore

Adoniram Judson
 Luther Rice came to the same conclusion. Both
resigned their board. Luther Rice went back to
raise support through formaton of a Baptist
board.
 The congregationalists were upset, but the
Baptists started a board and supported them

Adoniram Judson
 They were opposed by the East India
Company, and finally went to Burma,
Adoniram’s original choice where he was met
by Felix Carey, who had started a translation;
Ann miscarried on the trip
 Felix Carey and his wife soon left Burma
 Adoniram and his wife spent up to 12 hours
a day studying Burmese. Ann learned the
spoken language quickly, but her husband
struggled with the written language.

Adoniram Judson
 Initial life in Burma very difficult
 The Burmese had Theravada Buddhism,
the most difficult, and the king was
despotic
 The war with Britain made things
difficult, as did the weather and no
European colony

Adoniram Judson
 He built a zayat as a place to speak to
individuals
 After 7 years of work, he baptized his
first convert

Zayat (right); initial convert

Adoniram Judson
 Health was bad, and Judson went by
ship to recover health and get
reinforcements from Chittagong, but
the ship never arrived, finally returning
8 months later.
 Opposed by the viceroy and initially by
the emperor in Ava

Adoniram Judson
 When the British attacked Burma, they
imprisoned Judson and Dr. Price,
another missionary, as spies, placed
them in the death prison and tortured
them
 Ann visited repeatedly and pled for their
lives – finally released after 18 months

Adoniram Judson
 Judson was in intermediary between
the British and Burmese. Before he
could return to his wife, she died, and
shortly thereafter, the baby Maria also
died
 He became very depressed, built a hut,
dug a grave, and sat contemplating it

Adoniram Judson
 After 2 years, he recovered and started
evangelizing with much greater results. He then
translated the Bible over 14 years – two years
initially with much revision work. His translation
is still used as accurate today!
 Age 46 he married Sarah Boardman, age 30
whose husband died 3 years earlier. She gave
birth to 8 children in 10 years - died after last
one en route to the USA

Adoniram Judson
 While in the states, he married Emily Chubbock,
a young secular writer. He proposed that she
write a book on Sarah Boardman Judson.
 He proposed a month later, and six months later
they were married.
 They were in Burma only 3 years. They had one
child. Adoniram died after 3 years while on a
sea voyage for his health, and Emily died 3 years
later age 36.
 His ministry was carried on for generations,

George and Sarah Boardman
 George was moved by the death of a
missionary working with Judson and
decided to go to Burma.
 His future wife wrote a poem about the
same man. He met her, and they married
 They arrived in Burma just after the
British-Burma war completed

 Pioneer work among the Karen people.
 George Boardman’s health deteriorated
but he saw many saved
 He finally died of tuberculosis

George Boardman – baptisms
as he watches dying of Tbc

 George died after 5 years. His wife
stayed on starting a girl’s school, caring
for a 2 year old, and three years later
married Adoniram Judson.
 Her son was sent to the USA and
became a pastor

Sarah Boardman
 After marriage, she had many children
to care for
 She was also excellent in language and
helped in translation work, hymns and
other materials
 She lived to be 46, and gave birth to 8
children in 10 years
 She died en route to the USA

Ko Tha Byu
 Their worker, Ko Tha Byu, a former
murderer, was effective with a people’s
movement which eventually led to
10,000 members
 He had been a murderer of at least 30
people. After training and baptism, he
was a faithful pastor until his death,
having seen over 1000 saved

Henry Martyn
 Henry Martyn came to India as a chaplain
for the East India Company. He was a
brilliant student at Cambridge, with top
honors in mathematics.
 He translated the New Testament into
Hindustani, Persian & Arabic.
 With poor health, he went to Persia, but
then continued in poor health and died en
route to England at age 32.

Martyn’s translations
 Martyn was brilliant but also very well
educated in languages. His Urdu
translation is still a basis today
 He made an excellent translation into
Persian, and good progress on Arabic

Alexander Duff
 Schools were large, but had only 33
professions – however, they made a
major impact as missionaries and
ministers
 He left 4 children behind, and had little
time for them when home in Scotland
 Hailed as missionary statesman for his
controversial innovation

Alexander Duff
 Duff succeeded in pushing English
education in India, but did not result in
many conversions. It may have
stimulated reformed Hinduism
 He was brilliant and a scholar, but did
not reckon with the Hindu culture and
the need of reaching the heart as well
as the head

Alexander Duff
 Started Scottish Church college
 Instrumental in beginning Calcutta University
 Leader in the Free Church movement
 Did help in many other countries in later years
 A number of other missionaries imitated the
methods of Duff

Indian Mutiny
 Other groups – Lutherans, Basil Mission
came to India
 1857 – mutiny against western culture,
and 38 missionaries were killed

Alexander Duff and the
Scottish Church College

History of missions lesson 9 - 19th century southeast asia

Recomendados

Recomendados

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

La actualidad más candente (20)

Destacado

Destacado (7)

Similar a History of missions lesson 9 - 19th century southeast asia

Similar a History of missions lesson 9 - 19th century southeast asia (20)

Más de Bob Patton, M.D., D.D.

Más de Bob Patton, M.D., D.D. (20)

Último

Último (20)

History of missions lesson 9 - 19th century southeast asia