Finnish technology industry, June 2018

Technology Industry /
Finnish Economic Outlook
June 2018
16/12/2018 Technology Industries
of Finland

The Finnish Technology Industry Is Comprised of
Five Sub-Sectors
of Finland
ELEKTRONICS AND ELECTROTECHNICAL
INDUSTRY
ABB, Ensto, Microsoft Mobile,
Murata Electronics, Nokia, Planmeca,
Polar Electro, Suunto, Vacon, Vaisala…
METALS INDUSTRY
Boliden, Componenta, Kuusakoski,
Luvata, Outokumpu, Outotec,
Ovako, Sacotec, SSAB …
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Abloy, Cargotec, Finn-Power, Fiskars,
Glaston, Kone, Konecranes, Metso,
Meyer Turku, Normet, Oras, Patria,
Pemamek, Ponsse, Stala, Valmet,
Valtra, Wärtsilä…
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Affecto, Basware, Bilot, CGI, Comptel,
Digia, Efecte, Enfo, F-Secure, Fujitsu
Finland, IBM, Innofactor, Knowit,
Microsoft, Nixu, Tieto…
CONSULTING ENGINEERING
A-Insinöörit, Citec, Elomatic, Etteplan, FCG,
Granlund, Neste Jacobs, Pöyry, Ramboll,
Rejlers, SITO, SWECO, WSP…

The Finnish Technology Industry Is Comprised of
Five Sub-Sectors
3
ELEKTRONICS AND ELECTROTECHNICAL
INDUSTRY
• Data communications equipment, electrical
machinery, medical technology
• Turnover (2017): 14.7 billion euros
• Personnel (2017): 39,000
METALS INDUSTRY
• Steel products, non-ferrous metals,
castings, metallic minerals
• Personnel (2017): 15,100
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
• Machinery, metal products, vehicles
• Turnover (2017): 30 billion euros
• Personnel (2017): 128,000
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• IT services, applications and
programming
• Personnel (2017): 62,600
CONSULTING ENGINEERING
• Expertise for construction industry and
infrastructure
• Personnel (2017): 52,500
of Finland

The Technology Industry –
the Largest Export Sector in Finland
4
• 51 % of total Finnish exports.
• Companies invest about EUR 5.5 billion
annually in Finland.
• 70 % of private-sector R&D investment.
• Some 300,000 employed directly in the
sector, 700,000 employed in total,
equalling about 30% of the entire Finnish
labour force.
• Technology Industries of Finland has over
1,600 member companies.
of Finland

Turnover of the Technology Industry in Finland
5Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland, Technology Industries of Finland6/12/2018 Technology Industries
of Finland

6*) In addition to goods exports the sector exported services worth some 13 billion euros.
Source: National Board of Customs, Statistics Finland
Export of Technology Industry Goods from Finland
by Area in 2017
Total goods exports 30.6 billion euros*
North America
2.79 billion €
9.1 %
Western Europe
16.44 billion €
53.7 %
South and
Middle America
0.84 billion €
2.8 %
Central and Eastern Europe
5.11 billion €
16.6 %
Africa
0.43 billion €
1.4 %
Middle and
Central East
0.51 billion €
1.7 %
Asia
4.51 billion €
14.7 %
of Finland

Technology, Forest and Chemical Industries
Provide 81 % of Finland's Goods and Services
Exports Revenue
Goods and service exports: billion euros and the share of Finnish exports in 2017
7*) Service exports industry-specific data for the year 2017 are preliminary information.
Source: Board of Customs, Statistics Finland (National Accounts, Foreign trade in services), Federation of Finnish Technology Industries
of Finland
Technology industry,
43.6, 51%
Forest industry;
12.9; 15%
Chemical industry;
13; 15%
Other branches;
16.1; 19%

Turnover of the Industry and Technology Industry
in Finland
8Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland6/12/2018 Technology Industries
of Finland

Turnover of the Technology Industry in Finland
9Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland6/12/2018 Technology Industries
of Finland

Value of New Orders in the Technology Industry*
in Finland
1012.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
Combined
Export
Domestic
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Million euros, at current prices
Change: I,2018 / I,2017 I,2018 / IV,2017
Export: +6 % -28 %
Domestic: +49 % +1 %
Combined: +17 % -20 %
*) Excl. metals
industry, game
industry and data
center companies
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent
companies, latest observation January-March 2018.

Value of Order Books in the Technology Industry*
in Finland
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
Export
Domestic
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: 31.3.2018 / 31.3.2017 31.3.2018 / 31.12.2017
Export: +27 % -1 %
Domestic: +15 % +10 %
Combined: +24 % +1 %
*) Excl. metals
industry, game
industry and data
center companies
Combined
companies, latest observation 31.3.2018

Tender Requests* Received by Technology
Industry Companies in Finland
12Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
the last questionnaire is April 2018
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Balance figure
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
*) Have you experienced a notable increase or decrease in the number of requests for tenders in recent weeks in comparison to the situation three
months ago?”. Balance figure = the number of companies receiving more requests - the number of companies receiving less requests.
of Finland

Value of New Orders in the Electronics and
Electrotechnical Industry in Finland
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
Combined
Export
Domestic
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: I,2018 / I,2017 I,2018 / IV,2017
Export: +9 % +2 %
Domestic: +35 % -19 %
Combined: +13 % -3 %

Value of Order Books in the Electronics and
Electrotechnical Industry in Finland
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
Export
Domestic
Change: 31.3.2018 / 31.3.2017 31.3.2018 / 31.12.2017
Export: +2 % 0 %
Domestic: +22 % -16 %
Combined: +5 % -4 %
Combined
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Value of New Orders in the Mechanical
Engineering in Finland
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
Combined
Export
Domestic
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: I,2018 / I,2017 I,2018 / IV,2017
Export: +4 % -42 %
Domestic: +38 % -16 %
Combined: +10 % -38 %

Value of Order Books in the Mechanical
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Export
Domestic
Change: 31.3.2018 / 31.3.2017 31.3.2018 / 31.12.2017
Export: +37 % -2 %
Domestic: +18 % +17 %
Combined
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Value of New Orders in the Consulting Engineering
in Finland
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Combined
Export
Domestic
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: I,2018 / I,2017 I,2018 / IV,2017
Export: +14 % +103 %
Domestic: +43 % +21 %
Combined: +38 % +28 %

Value of Order Books in the Consulting
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Export
Domestic
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: 31.3.2018 / 31.3.2017 31.3.2018 / 31.12.2017
Export: -10 % +3 %
Domestic: +31 % +13 %
Combined: +19 % +11 %
Combined
companies, latest observation 31.3.2018.

Value of New Orders in the Information
Technology* in Finland
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: I,2018 / I,2017 I,2018 / IV,2017
Combined: +75 % +60 %
*) Excl. game industry and data center
companies.

Value of Order Books in the Information
Technology* in Finland
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Change: 31.3.2018 / 31.3.2017 31.3.2018 / 31.12.2017
*) Excl. game industry and data
center companies.
companies, latest observation 31.3.2018.

Technology Industry Personnel
216/12/2018 Technology Industries of
Finland
Source: Statistics Finland, The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ labour force survey, Macrobond
(Mar 31)

Technology Industry Personnel in Finland by
Branch
226/12/2018 Technology Industries of
Finland
Source: Statistics Finland, The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ labour force survey, Macrobond
(Mar 31)

Technology Industry Personnel in Subsidiaries
Abroad by Branch
236/12/2018 Technology Industries of Finland Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ labour force survey, Macrobond

Retirement of Technology Industry Personnel in
Finland
24
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Number of individuals retired Number of individuals retiring (estimation)
Salaried employees
Blue collar employees
Individuals per year
Source: Wage inquiry of the Techonology Industries of Finland, Finnish Centre for Pensions, Statistics FinlandTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Retirement of Technology Industry Blue Collar
Employees in Finland
25
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Mechanical engineering Metals industry Electronics and electrotechnical industry
Individuals per year
Source: Wage inquiry of the Techonology Industries of Finland, Finnish Centre for Pensions, Statistics FinlandTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Overview of the Situation in the Technology
Industry and Outlook for the Summer of 2018
26
- Turnover in Finland totalled some EUR 73.5 billion in 2017. Turnover was 9 % higher than in
2016. In 2008, prior to the financial crises, the corresponding figure was EUR 86 billion.
- The monetary value of new orders reported between January-March 2018 was 20 % lower
than in October-December, but 17 % higher than in the corresponding period in 2017.
- At the end of March, the value of order books was slightly higher than at the end of
December, and 24 % higher than in March 2017.
- The turnover of technology industry companies during the spring and summer of 2018 is
expected to be higher than in the corresponding period last year.
- The number of personnel in Finland increased during January-March 2018. Personnel
increased by nearly two per cent, or by 5,500 employees from the average number in 2017.
On average, the industry employed 302,000 people. In 2008, the industry employed a total of
326,000 people in Finland.
- The recruitment activities picked up markedly in 2017 and early 2018. The companies
recruited a total of 11,000 new employees during January-March, in 2017 a total of 42,500
employees.
6/12/2018 Technology Industries of Finland

World Economic Outlook
- Finland as a Part of Global
Economy
276/12/2018 Technology Industries of Finland

GDP also Grows in Finland, but the Backlog for the
Other Euro Area Countries Is up to 8%
28Lähde: MacrobondTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Finland’s Exports Jumped in Early 2017, but the
Backlog for the Other Euro Area Countries is 40 %
2912.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus Source: Macrobond, Eurostat

Recently, Finland's Economic Growth Has also
Been Supported by an Increase in Exports
30Source: Macrobond, Statistics FinlandTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Gross Domestic Product Has Grown Long in
Europe and the USA, Finland is Lagging Behind
31Souce: MacrobondTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

326/12/2018 Lähde: Macrobond
In China and India Growth Continues, also Brazil
Is Now Growing
Share of global GDP in China, India, Brazil and Russia is 31 % (adjusted for PP)
Technology Industries
of Finland

336/12/2018 Latest information May 2018
Source: Markit
Economic Growth in the Euro Area Is Slowing
Down
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI), 50 = no change from previous month
of Finland

Industrial Production Has also Grown in Finland,
but the Backlog to Other EU Countries Is 15%
346/12/2018 Source: MacrobondTechnology Industries
of Finland

Industrial Production Volume in the EU Countries
356/12/2018 Source: MacrobondTechnology Industries
of Finland

Finland’s Industrial Production Has Lagged Behind
the Competition Countries
36Source: Macrobond, The CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy AnalysisTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Source: Markit
Industrial Production in China is Growing Slightly
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry in China
of Finland

Source: Markit
Industrial Production Growth in Russia Has Come
to a Standstill
of Finland

Source: Markit
Industrial Production in Brazil Is Growing Slightly
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry in China
of Finland

40Source: Macrobond
Industrial Production in the USA is Growing
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry
50 = no change from previous month
of Finland
6/12/2018

41Source: Macrobond
Growth of Residence Construction Has Lowered in
China
Share of China in Asian GDP is 42% (adjusted for PP)
of Finland
6/12/2018

42Souce: Macrobond
Fixed Investments Have also Grown in Brazil
of Finland
6/12/2018

43Source: Macrobond, The CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis
World Trade Has Picked up Again
Export volume
of Finland
6/12/2018

Imports to China Have Increased from Several
Countries
44Source: MacrobondTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

EU Exports to Russia Have Recovered only Slightly
45Source: MacrobondTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Russia’s Share* of Technology Industry Exports
from Finland Has Lowered to Some 5 Per Cent
46*) Soviet Union up to 1991
Source: Finnish Customs
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018(1-2)
of Finland
6/12/2018
%

47Source: IMF (January 2018)
The World Economy Is Projected to Grow by 3.9%
in 2018
GDP growth in 2018 / 2017, %
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
North America
Western Europe
Japan
China
India
RestofEastern
Europe
Russia
Brazil
Mexico
RestofLatin
America
MiddleEast
andAfrica
Average growth:
+3,9 %
The width of the bar indicates the share of global GDP in 2017 (adjusted for purchasing power parity), %
Rest
of Asia
of Finland
6/12/2018

48Source: IMF (January 2018), Finnish Customs
Demand in the Finnish Technology Industry Export
Market is Expected to Grow by 2.8 % in 2018
GDP growth in 2018 / 2017, %
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
North America Western Europe Japan
China
India
Rest
of Asia
Restof
Eastern
Europe
Russia
Brazil
RestofLatinAmerica
MiddleEastandAfrica
Average growth:
+2,8 %
Mexico
The width of the bar indicates the export share of technology industry from Finland in 2016, %
of Finland
6/12/2018

Finland’s Economic Growth
Relies on Exports and
Investments
49Technology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

50Source: Macrobond, Eurostat
The Value of Finland’s Exports Peaked in January-
March 2017
of Finland
6/12/2018

Finnish Exports Have Lagged Behind the
Competition Countries
51Source: Macrobond, EurostatTechnology Industries
of Finland
6/12/2018

Growth Paradox: the Downsized Industry Has
Limited Opportunities to Increase Finnish Exports
52Source: Statistics Finland / industrial production volume index
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Industrial
production, with
capacity in full use
(theoretical level),
left axis
Industrial
production, at fixed
prices (2008 = 100),
left axis
Industrial capacity
utilization,%, right
axis-17 %
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
-18 %
of Finland
6/12/2018

53Source: Macrobond, Eurostat
The Decline in Exports and Recession: the Public
Debt and Total Tax Rate Increased Significantly
Increased cost burden requires cuts to public sector
of Finland
6/12/2018

Corporate Investments in Finland Are in Real
Terms Almost 6 Billion Euros Lower than in 2008
Production and R&D investments in Finland
54Source: Statistics Finland, National Accounts
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Billion euros, in the 2016 price level
of Finland
6/12/2018

Unlike the Competition Countries, in Finland
Business Investment Is Still Below the Level in 2008
5512.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus Source: OECD, Economic Outlook (December 2017)
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017e 2018e
Corporate investments, at fixed prices, index 2008=100
USA
Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
Germany
Finland

56Source: Statistics Finland, (National Accounts), The Confederation of Finnish Industries* investment survey (January 2018)
Investments in the Manufacturing and Technology
Industry in Finland Do Not Promise Long-Term
Strong Growth
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017e 2018e
Manufacturing industry (incl. technology industry)
Technology industry (incl. information technology and consulting engineering)
Production and R&D investments in Finland, million euros, at current prices
of Finland
6/12/2018

Investments and productivity* are Decisive for
Finland’s Success
Productivity of export sector is 10 % lower than in 2007-2008, productivity of entire
national economy is 3 % lower
57
*) Productivity is measured as real value added per hours worked. When productivity grows (the curve rises) value added grows
more than hours worked. Value added = turnover – purchasing of materials and services
Value added = labour costs + rents + depreciations + profits
Source: Statistics Finland / National Accounts
of Finland
6/12/2018

5812.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus Latest information October-December 2017.
Source: Eurostat: Quarterly National Accounts
In Productivity Development, Finland Has a Gap of
25% Compared to EU Average and 20% Compared
to Sweden and Germany
Value added in manufacturing industry at fixed prices / hours worked
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
EU countries
Sweden
Germany
Finland
2008=100

5912.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus Latest information October-December 2017.
Source: Eurostat: Quarterly National Accounts
In Productivity Development of the National
Economy, Finland Has a Gap of 6% Compared to
EU Average and 4% to Sweden and Germany
GDP at fixed prices / hours worked
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
EU countries
Sweden
Germany
Finland
2008=100

Investment Rate of Companies in Finland Is
Completely Inadequate to Close the Gap between
Finland and Other Small European Countries
6012.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus Source: Eurostat
10
12
14
16
18
20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Companies’ fixed investment compared to GDP, %
Switzerland
Sweden
Belgium
Austria
Euro countries
Finland

Rapid Growth in Labour Costs Has Weakened the
Ability of Companies to Invest in Finland
61*) Both wages and R & D investments include R&D staff wage costs
Source: Statistics Finland (National Accounts)
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Corporate wages and
social security costs*
Corporate production
and R&D investments*
Corporate profits after
taxes
At current prices, index 2008=100
of Finland
6/12/2018

62
Finland’s Price and Cost Competitiveness vis-à-vis
the Euro Countries Is still to be Improved
Unit labour costs in the whole economy = labour costs / productivity, including the influence of effective
exchange rates
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
2000=100
2005=100
2008=100
Finland’s price
and cost
competitiveness
declines
Finland’s price
and cost
competitiveness
improves
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
of Finland
*) In the ECB Harmonised Competitiveness Index, the average effective exchange rate of each country is calculated vis-à-vis 38
main trade partners, as well as the development of unit labour costs for the total economy.
Latest information October-December 2017. Source: European Central Bank

Overcoming the Gap in GDP Will Require 3.0%
Growth in Finland Annually in 2018-2023
6312.6.2018 Teknologiateollisuus *) The IMF forecast for the euro area in April 2018: 2.4% in 2018, 2.0% in 2019, 1.7% in 2020, 1.5% in 2021, 1.5% in 2022,
1.4% in 2023
Source: Macrobond, IMF, Federation of Finnish Technology Industry

What Should Be Done in Finland?
64
• Support the renewal of the industry.
• Taxes should support growth and investment in Finland.
• Support decision making in companies related to compensation
and working time
• No new European nor national burdens on companies, which
are deteriorating the competitiveness.
of Finland
6/12/2018

Long-Term Outlook and Challenges
65
• Global Structural Change Set to Continue Apace
o Industrial production and services will relocate to rapidly developing economic areas
o Strong growth, large markets, cheap labour and increasing expertise will increase the
attractiveness of these regions.
• Competition over Skills and Raw Materials Set to Increase
o Due to an increase in retirement, the sector’s annual recruitment need in Finland will
rise considerably in the coming years.
o The availability of reasonably-priced energy also threatens to become an investment
bottleneck in Finland
• Combating Climate Change
o A challenge as costs are set to grow faster than in competitor countries
o An opportunity for new environmental and energy technologies
of Finland
6/12/2018

Technology Industries of
Finland
66Teknologiateollisuus6/12/2018

The Federation’s Member Companies 2016
67
250–499 employees
69,035
39%
29,787
17%
28,016
16%
50,683
28%
1,421
92 %
84
5 %
40
2 % 22
1 %
Number of enterprises / 1 567 Number of personnel / 177 521
1–249 employees 500–999 employees
1000– employees
of Finland
6/12/2018

The Federation’s SME Member Companies 2016
68
481
34%
479
33 %
258
18%
203
14%
Number of enterprises / 1 421 Number of personnel / 69 035
5,109
7%
15,290
22%
17,924
26%
30,712
45%
1–19 employees
20–49 employees
50–99 employees
100–249 employees
of Finland

Finnish technology industry, June 2018

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Finnish technology industry, June 2018