Air traffic control (ATC) involves ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft both on the ground and in the air. Controllers coordinate thousands of aircraft to keep them safely separated and efficiently moving. ATC is divided into airport, terminal, and en-route control. Airport control uses towers to visually direct ground movements. Terminal control uses TRACON radar to manage arrivals and departures within 5-50 miles of airports. En-route control uses ARTCC radar to direct cruising flights between terminals. Technologies like radar, call signs, and software help controllers safely manage the large volume of air traffic.

1. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
NAME:K.NIHARIKA REDDY
ROLL NO:19UP1A0518
CLASS :CSE -A

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
 AIRPORT CONTROL
 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS
 DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL
 RADAR CONTROL FACILITIES
 DEPARTURE OF AIR CRAFTS
 EN-ROUTE,CENTRE OR AREA CONTROL
 CALL SIGNS
 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
 PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 The ATC is bracing up to meet growing demands of
aircrafts with more ATC officers and new radar
systems.
 The air traffic control(ATC) is the busiest in the country
handling over 250 or more movements.
 It regulates the large volume of air traffic and also
handles test and military flights with varied aircraft
speed.

4. WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL?
 Air traffic control(ATC) is a service provided by ground based controllers who direct
aircraft on the ground and in the air.
 The task of ensuring safe operations of commercial and private aircraft falls on Air Traffic
Controllers.
 The controllers coordinate the movements of thousands of aircraft, keep them at certain
distance, direct them during movements, around bad weather and ensure smooth flow
with minimal delays.

5. TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
1.En-route Controllers
i. Terminal
a. High Level airspace.
b. Low Level airspace.
ii. En-route
a. High Level airspace
b.Low Level airspace
2.Airport Controllers
i.Ground control.
ii.Local or air control.
iii.Clearance Delivery
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

6. DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
SYSTEM
 Air Traffic Control System Command Center
(ATCSCC)
 Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC)
 Terminal Radar Approach Control(TRACON)
 Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)
 Flight Service Station(FSS)

7. AIRPORT CONTROL
 The primary method of controlling the airport enviro-ment is visual observation from the
control which is a tall, windowed structure at the airport.
 Tower controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and
vehicles operating on the taxiways of the airport.
 Controllers may use a radar display system called Secondary Surveillance or Airport
Surveillance Radar for airborne traffic approaching and departing.

8. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS
This Photo by
Unknown
Author is
licensed under
CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

9. DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL
 Ground control: It is responsible for the airport maneuvering
areas or areas not released to the airlines or other users.
 Local or Air control: It is responsible for the active runway
surfaces.
 Clearance Delivery: It is responsible for ensuring that the
aircraft has the proper route and slot time.
 Apron control: It exists at extremely busy airports

10. RADAR
RADAR CONTROL
FACILITIES(TRACON)
 Centers use long range radar to
control a large space area.
 Centers may use TRACON radar
data to control to provide better
picture of the traffic.
RADAR COVERAGE

11. EN-ROUTE,CENTER OR AREA CONTROL
 En-route air traffic controllers work in facilities called Area Control Centers.
 Centers control IFR aircraft from the time they depart an airport or terminal area’s
airspace to the time they arrive at another airport.
 Centers may also pick up VFR aircraft that are already airborne and integrate them into
IFR system.

12. CALL SIGNS
 Call signs are a used to safe air traffic separations and is used for scheduled flights and air
forces for military flights. Different types of call signs:
 ICAO call signs are written with 3-letter combination followed by the flight no.
 Audio or Radio-telephony call signs are used as the contact between pilots and Air Traffic
Control.

13. TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 Conflict Alert (CA)
 Minimum safe altitude warning
 System coordination
 Area Penetration Warning (APW)
 Mode S

14. PROBLEMS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
 Traffic
 Accidents
 Weather conditions

15. SOLUTIONS
 New area control centre at Swan wick
 Modern software developed by FAA
and NASA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

16. CONCLUSION
 The Air Traffic Control(ATC) is the third busiest in the country handling over 250 movements
(landing and takeoff) everyday.
 Besides regulating the large volume of air traffic, handling test and military flights with varied aircraft
speed.
 The ATC is, bracing up to meet the growing demands of an ever-increasing fleet of commercial,
civil and military aircraft- more air traffic control officers and new radar systems.