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ITS - Intelligent Transport System - An Overview
- 1. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) An Overview
- 2. ITS Overview What are ITS? −Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involve the collection and processing of data: − to provide information; − to advise or control the actions of: − travellers; − drivers; − fleet operators; and − network managers − using computers with multi-media communications and other technology.
- 3. ITS Overview What Does ITS Offer? − Allows improved use of existing infrastructure by: − Providing a better understanding of the transport network − Live traffic and travel information – quick response − Providing new methods to manage the network − Improved traffic signals and vehicle priority − Improved intra/inter organisational communications − Providing new services to the public − Travel Information to make journeys easier and more pleasant
- 4. ITS Overview
- 5. ITS Overview How Does ITS Help? − ITS is a tool to implement transport (and other) policy − Not an end in itself − Not a panacea − ITS can be beneficial − On its own − Supporting other measures − ITS builds on what is there − Not all new − SCOOT UTC − Flexibility to respond to changing priorities
- 6. ITS Overview The Underlying Processes Data Sources Central Processing Unit Information Destination Communication Link Communication Link Monitor Acquisition Processing Distribution Information & Management
- 7. ITS Overview ITS Applications − Two Main Categories − Urban − Inter-Urban − ITS can also help co-ordinate actions across authorities and networks − Sharing data − Enhanced strategies
- 8. Urban ITS Improving Transport Within Towns and Cities
- 9. ITS Overview What Challenges Can ITS Address? − Congestion − Poor safety − Integrated services − Accessibility − Environmental impact − Urban regeneration − UTMC systems − Speed limit enforcement − Real time information − Bus Priority systems − Alternative vehicle routes − Parking management What are those ITS solutions?
- 10. ITS Overview UTMC − Based on a common database − Can fulfil many objectives − Costs vary depending upon the complexity of the system and its requirements − Designed for interoperability with non proprietary systems − May include, for example − SCOOT Urban traffic control − Variable message signs − Bus priority measures at traffic signals − Real time travel information Urban Traffic Management and Control
- 11. ITS Overview Integration - Sharing Data UTMC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK Operators Terminals Signal Control VMS Public Transport Priority Emissions Monitoring Road Pricing Other Functions as Required Common Database Other Systems & Services Other Users of Information
- 12. ITS Overview Data Gathering And Information Dissemination
- 13. ITS Overview Data Gathering − Data gathered automatically - in a variety of ways − induction loops − Cameras − CCTV − ANPR − Floating Vehicle Data − Information from RUC schemes and tolling information
- 14. ITS Overview Information Dissemination − Information available pre trip and on trip − Information for Fleet managers, Network operators − Delivered in a variety of ways − Website − VMS − Highways Advisory Radio (HAR) − Information to your phone via SMS − Etc
- 15. ITS Overview UTMC Demonstration Projects − Early UTMC Systems now operational in Preston, York, Reading and Stratford − Largely a ‘Proof of Concept’ using UTMC specifications − Different focus in different demonstrators – including VMS, SCOOT, Environmental Monitoring, Car Park Guidance, Real Time Information − Sizes of projects also varied − Preston UTMC capital costs rated at £1.5m − York UTMC costs rated at £4m
- 16. ITS Overview Speed Limit Enforcement − Old style speed enforcement including Gatso wet film cameras is being superseded − Digital Photography − Eliminates the need to remove and replace film − Cheaper to operate − ANPR systems − Allows “Distance over time” enforcement − IR photography − Encourage compliance − “Secret Signage” − Intelligent Road Studs to measure speeds and advise drivers
- 17. ITS Overview ANPR Systems − ANPR:- Automatic Number-plate Recognition Systems − Uses neural net programming for image recognition − High levels of accuracy − Technology used for other purposes such as London’s Congestion Charge System
- 18. ITS Overview Distance over time Enforcement − Some speed enforcement measures cause rapid acceleration and deceleration as drivers break in front of cameras − ANPR systems allow vehicles to be identified at different positions on the network − Average speed between two points is measured − Speed across the entire length of road can be enforced.
- 19. ITS Overview Speed Warning Devices − ITS provides speed control devices that are not aimed at prosecutions − Speed activated signs, − Displaying registration of speeding vehicle − Maximum appropriate and safe speed may be significantly below signed speed limit − Variable Speed Limit applications now being used
- 20. ITS Overview Secret Signage − Speed activated signs − Flash speed limits at drivers exceeding the speed limits − Effective at reducing accidents along dangerous stretches of road − Guidance is to use it as a last resort
- 21. Inter-Urban ITS Improving Capacity and Preserving the Asset
- 22. ITS Overview ITS on the Motorways and Trunk Roads − No longer able to keep building new roads to accommodate predicted demand − Need new ways to improve capacity − Need to ‘lock in’ capacity provided by new / improved road schemes − Drivers want more information and more reliable journeys − 10% of delays result from road works, 25% from incidents − ITS can advise of congestion and help manage road works and incidents − Safety improvements result
- 23. ITS Overview Ramp Metering – Motorway Access Management − Popular in America − Used in Glasgow for access to the M8 (introduced 2004) − Used on the M6 for many years – many new sites planned − Can increases throughput − Can improve journey time reliability − Guidance on deployment now available from the HA
- 24. ITS Overview VMS For Strategic Management and Tactical Control − VMS (Variable Message Sign) Display selected information − Can be used for special event signing − Warns of congestion and can advise of alternative route − Different sizes and complexity − Controlled by NTCC (strategic) and RCC (tactical) − Automatic sign settings with signals possible - linked to MIDAS
- 25. ITS Overview MIDAS and VMS − MIDAS - Motorway Incident Detection and Automated Signalling − Uses induction loops to monitor traffic flow on strategic road network − Predominantly for queue protection − Automatically sets signals and signs, including variable speed limits − Good response: Average time till the system displays signs appropriate to an incident is routinely before RCC is aware of incident − Signs and signals clears down automatically when flow returns to ‘normal’
- 26. ITS Overview Hazard Warning Systems − Companion System − Intelligent Road Studs (IRS)
- 27. ITS Overview Companion System − Series of “companion posts” at the side of the carriageway − Radar detector in posts every 0.5 km for automatic activation − Posts can flash in groups – including ‘running lights’ − approaching the driver – to warn of problem − Away from the driver – to encourage throughput − Headways / throughput improves − Secondary incidents avoided
- 28. ITS Overview Intelligent Road Studs (IRS) − Deployed on the M8 Between Edinburgh and Glasgow − Part of NADICS (National Driver Information and Control System) − Used for − Guidance in Fog − Surface water detection − Incident detection − Hazard warning
- 29. ITS Overview − 51,000 vehicles a day − Cheaper than induction loops − Improved visibility over cats eyes − 1 road stud per 18m makes the route visible for up to 1km ahead − Detector studs every 250m provide information on speed and flow as well as weather conditions − Flashing studs give hazard warning of upcoming incidents
- 30. ITS Overview Active Traffic Management − M42 Junctions 3a - 7: Birmingham − Multi-Million pound project − Uses the latest technology − Not just Controlled Motorways A Trial of Different ITS Tools and Operational Regimes M42 J3a-7
- 31. ITS Overview Active Traffic Management − Access Control − CCTV Based Incident Detection − Emergency Refuge Areas − Hard Shoulder Management − HADECS Digital Speed Enforcement − MS4 Variable Message Signs capable of displaying pictograms − Possibility of ‘dedicated lanes - including HOV Not just Controlled Motorway…
- 32. ITS Overview Active Traffic Management The reality ATM Picture
- 33. ITS Overview Active Traffic Management − Installation works now complete − Three Lane Variable Speed Limits from Late 2005 − Four Lane Hard Shoulder Running from Autumn 2006 − Access Control: still to be determined Timetable
- 34. ITS Overview Active Traffic Management Advert in Birmingham METRO: Monday 21st November 2005 ATM Website: www.highways.gov.uk/atm Education
- 35. ITS Overview Network Advisory Assessment Tool (NASS) − Computer modelling tool developed by IPL − Will be used by ATM Operators in the Control Room − Predicts traffic conditions an hour ahead − Match conditions to a library of traffic patterns − Decide which one of three associated plans will have the most benefit Summary
- 36. ITS Overview What is NASS A screenshot… Image
- 37. ITS Overview What is NASS − Working for WSP in Basingstoke − Ultimate client is the Highways Agency − Testing Phase B of the system completed − “Offline” testing / proof of concept − Phase C to be installed in the Control Room − FM to develop strategies / plans to address incidents Faber Maunsell involvement
- 38. ITS Overview What is NASS? − Used to simulate road conditions and assess Flows, Speed and Journey times across the network with and with proposed Plan − “Graphical” modelling tool available to the engineer / operator − Each “dot” is a car! − Colours show speed of each car TRL SISTM Simulator Used in Phase B Image
- 39. ITS Overview NASS Results An example assessment of a proposed plan … Journey times for Junction 3a to 4 Northbound 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 06:00 07:12 08:24 09:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 Time Journeytimeinminutes Baseline Journey Times Nass Run 1 Journey Times Junctions 3a to 4 Speed-Flow Comparision 0 50 100 150 200 06:00 07:12 08:24 09:36 10:48 12:00 13:12 Time Speed(kph) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Flow(vehiclesperhour) Speed1 Speed2 Flow1 Flow2
- 40. ITS Overview Integrated use of ITS – The Key to Success − Better management / more efficient operation − Sharing data – collect once, use many times − Standardising equipment and protocols – using the best IT can offer − Reducing cost / achieving operational targets − Dealing with information overload - highlighting what is important − Presentation in a digestible format and there when you need it − Coordinating effort – knowing what is happening and who is dealing with it
- 41. ITS Overview REFERENCES: − FABER MAUNSELL – ITS OVERVIEW − AECOM.COM − BUILDING.CO.UK − WASHINGTON.EDU − STUDYMAFIA.ORG − SLIDESHARE REFERENCES
- 42. ITS Overview