Class 8 Social Science
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Class 8 Social Science
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT TERMS
SIZE (FACTS AND FIGURES OF INDIA)
STANDARD MERIDIAN
INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?Navya Rai
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?
People would elect their representatives to the Parliament
One group from among these elected representatives forms the Government
The Parliament, which is made up of all representatives together, controls and guides the government.
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT TERMS
SIZE (FACTS AND FIGURES OF INDIA)
STANDARD MERIDIAN
INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?Navya Rai
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?
People would elect their representatives to the Parliament
One group from among these elected representatives forms the Government
The Parliament, which is made up of all representatives together, controls and guides the government.
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
In this chapter we ask some basic questions about the constitutional design of a democracy. Why do we need a constitution? How are the constitutions drawn up? Who designs them and in what way? What are the values that shape the constitutions in democratic states? Once a constitution is accepted, can we make changes later as required by the changing conditions?
One recent instance of designing constitution for a democratic state is that of the South Africa. We begin this chapter by looking at what happened there and how the South Africans went about this task of designing their constitution. Then we turn to how the Indian Constitution was made, what its foundational values are, and how it provides a good framework for the conduct of citizens’ life and that of the government.
A helpful powerpoint presentation that covers the entire chapter 15 of class 12 NCERT in the form of short bullet points. Extremely informative with pictures and extra information from outside the book to give a more in-depth understanding of the chapter
Era of one party dominance
Second challenge for Independe
Adoption of Constitution
The first general election
Election :- A big mammoth task
Dominance of Congress
Inclusive nature of Congress
Management of factions
Opposition parties
Few opposition parties
Socialist party
The communist Party of india
Swatantra party
Bhartiya Jana Sangh
IDEOLOGY
One country = one culture
Advantages of opposition
Congress
So the Election Commission
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Power-sharing Class 10 is a vital aspect of democratic governance. It refers to the distribution of power among different organs of government, levels of government, and social groups. This ensures that no single entity can control all aspects of governance, promoting stability and unity in a diverse society.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptxDenish Jangid
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
3. • Most able, efficient and far sighted leader of
Africa national congress
• Fought against apartheid during white south
African government.
• Spent 28 yrs in prison from 1964 - 1992
(Dreaded prison Robben Island)
4. Struggle against apartheid
• During 18th and 19th century,
• Europe occupied South Africa,
• Settled there
• Applied system of apartheid, which divided
country into three groups:
• White, Black and Coloured (one migrated from
india)
5. Apartheid
• A system of racial
discrimination
unique to South
Africa.
BLACK
WHITE
COLOURED
6. Oppressive system for the black
Black were segregated(separated) by:
• Forbidden from living in white areas
• Could work in white areas if had permit
• Discriminated while using public properties
• Black could not visit church where white
worshipped, form association and protest.
7. African National Congress(ANC)
• Since 1950, blacks, coloured and Indians
fought against this system
• Including workers union, communist and
sensitive whites joined them
• In 1964, Nelson Mandela and seven other
leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment.
• But the white racist government continued to
rule by torturing and killing thousands of black
and colored.
8. Protest increased, the racist government
realized that they could no longer keep
the black under repression.
9. Racist government changed their
policies:
• Discriminatory laws were repealed,
• Ban on political parties and restriction on the
media were lifted,
• Nelson Mandela, was released from jail after
28 years of imprisonment.
10. Towards a new constitution
• At the midnight of 26 April 1994, the Republic of
South Africa ( a multi-racial gov.t )was born.
• The black forgave the whites, both the blacks and
whites decided to build a new S.A. based on
equality of all races on democratic values, social
justice and human rights.
• After two years discussion and debates they
draw a common constitution and gave to its
citizen the most extensive rights available in any
country.
11. PREAMBLE (SOUTH AFRICA)
We the people of South Africa
Recognise the injustice of our past
Honour those who suffered for justice and freedom in
our land;
Respect those who have worked to build and develop
our country: and believe that South Africa belongs to
all who live in it, united in our diversity
We therefore, through our freely elected
representatives adopt this constitution as supreme
law of the republic so as to-
12. HEAL THE PAST AND ESTABLISH THE
SOCIETY BASED ON DEMOCRATIC
VALUES, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND
FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS
13. Together they decided
• Nobody should excluded
• No one should be treated as a demon
• Agreed that everybody should become part of
solution
• It inspired democrats all over the world.
14. Constitution:
The supreme law of a country containing
fundamental rules governing the policy and
society in a country.
15. Importance of constitution
• Trust and co-ordination
• Specification: specifies how the government
will be constituted. Who will have power to
which decision
• Right and duties: limits the power of
government and tell rights of the citizens
• Good Society: expressing the aspiration of the
people about creating good society.
17. Making of the Indian
constitution difficult and
certain task
18. Problem faced while making Indian
constitution
• India was huge and diverse country
• The country was divided on the basis of
religions differences
• The merger of princely states with India or
Pakistan or remain independent was difficult
to decide.
• The future of the country was seen not much
secure to make constitution
19. The path to constitution:
• 1928: Drafted constitution for
India by Motilal Nehru and eight
other congress leaders.
• 1931 – Resolution at Karachi on
how independent India’s
constitution should look like
with the following features:
1.Universal Adult Frenchised,
2.Right to freedom and equality
3.To protecting the rights of
minorities
20. • Many educated Indians were familiarized with
the political and legislative institution during
the colonial(British) rule.
• Years of thinking and deliberation on the
framework of the constitution had another
benefit.
21. Many of the leaders were inspired by
• the ideals of the French Revolution,
• the Socialist Revolution in Russia etc.
• the practice of parliamentary democracy of
Britain
• the bill of rights in US
but they didn’t simply imitate these principles.
22. The Constituent Assembly (1946)
The drafting of the constitution was done by
an assembly of elected representatives
(299 members) called the constituent
assembly keeping the following points in
mind.
1.Universal adult franchise
2.Right ot freedom
3.Equality and to protecting the rights of
minorities.
23. • The assembly was dominated by the Indian
Nationalist Congress(I.N.C.) It has many non-
congress members.
• The constitution doesn’t reflect the views of
its members alone, it expresses the aspiration
of all people.
24. Elections to the constitution
• Elections to the constituent assembly were held in July
1946 and its first meeting in December 1946.
• After wards the country was divided into India and
Pakistan.
• The constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian
constitution had 299 members.
• A drafting committee chaired by Dr. B.R.Ambedkar
prepared a draft constitution for discussion.
• It was discussed clause by clause through several rounds of
discussions.
• The assembly adopted the constitution on 26th November
1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950.
25. Why should we accept this
constitution?
• Over the last 64 years, no large social group or political
party has ever questioned the legitimacy of the
constitution.
• Constituent assembly represented the people of India,
no universal adult franchise but fair geographical share
of members from all the regions of the country.
• Assembly represented members from different
language groups, castes, classes, religion and
occupation.
• Finally, the constituent assembly worked in a
systematic, open and consensual manner.
26. Indian constitution
• More than two thousand amendments were
considered
• The members deliberated for 114 days spread
over three years.
• Every document and word spoken in
constituent assembly has been recorded and
preserved which is called ‘CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY DEBATE’. These debates provide are
12 bulky volumes!
27. Guiding Values of the Indian
Constitution:
• We can understand the constitution of India
through two ways :
• By reading the views of some of major leaders
on constitution
• By understanding what the constitution says
about its own philosophy.
28. The dreams and the promises:
• Mahatma Gandhi in his magazine Young India in 1931,
spelt out what he wanted the Constitution to do
• B.R.Ambedkar criticized Mahatma Gandhi and his
vision
• Jawaharlal Nehru gave speech on midnight of august
15 1947: he stated when the world sleep, India will
awake to life and freedom. Freedom and power brings
responsibilities, Service of India means service of the
millions who suffer, the ambition of the greatest man
of our generation has been to wipe every tear from
every eye.
30. Constitution of India:
• Very long and detailed document
• Amended quite regularly to keep updated
• It lays down a procedure for choosing person to
govern the country
• Defines who will have how much power to take
decisions
• Put limits to what the government can do by
providing some rights to the citizen that cannot
be violated.
•