1. PAKISTAN PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS – A SUCCESS STORY?
DR TUGHRAL YAMIN
ASSOCIATE DEAN CIPS, NUST

2. AIM OF THIS PRESENTATION
TO FIND OUT :
• WHY PAKISTAN PARTICIPATES IN UN
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS DESPITE THE
HAZARD INVOLVED?
• WHY HAS THIS BEEN A SUCCESS STORY SO
FAR?

3. NATIONAL AIMS &
OBJECTIVES
NATIONAL
POLICIES
NATIONAL
FOREIGN
POLICY
DECISION TO
PARTICIPATE
IN A UN
MISSION
WHY PAKISTAN PARTICIPATES IN
UN MISSIONS?

4. AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF PAK FOREIGN
POLICY
PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY SEEKS TO PROTECT,
PROMOTE AND ADVANCE PAKISTAN’S NATIONAL
INTERESTS IN THE EXTERNAL DOMAIN.
THE FOREIGN MINISTRY CONTRIBUTES TOWARDS
SAFEGUARDING PAKISTAN’S SECURITY AND
ADVANCING PAKISTAN’S DEVELOPMENT AGENDA FOR
PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY FOLLOWING THE GUIDING
PRINCIPLES LAID OUT BY OUR FOUNDING FATHERS.
SOURCE: http://www.mofa.gov.pk/content.php?page
ID=Foreign%20Policy

5. GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF PAKISTAN’S
FOREIGN POLICY
QUAID-E-AZAM’S VISION
OUR FOREIGN POLICY IS ONE OF
FRIENDLINESS AND GOODWILL
TOWARDS ALL THE NATIONS OF THE
WORLD. WE DO NOT CHERISH
AGGRESSIVE DESIGNS AGAINST ANY
COUNTRY OR NATION. WE BELIEVE IN
THE PRINCIPLE OF HONESTY AND FAIR
PLAY IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
DEALINGS AND ARE PREPARED TO MAKE
OUR UTMOST CONTRIBUTION TO THE
PROMOTION OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY
AMONG THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD.
PAKISTAN WILL NEVER BE FOUND
LACKING IN EXTENDING ITS MATERIAL
AND MORAL SUPPORT TO THE
OPPRESSED AND SUPPRESSED PEOPLES
OF THE WORLD, AND IN UPHOLDING THE
PRINCIPLES OF THE UN CHARTER.
ARTICLE 40 OF THE
CONSTITUTION
THE STATE SHALL ENDEAVOUR TO
PRESERVE AND STRENGTHEN
FRATERNAL RELATIONS AMONG
MUSLIM COUNTRIES BASED ON
ISLAMIC UNITY, SUPPORT THE
COMMON INTERESTS OF THE
PEOPLES OF ASIA, AFRICA AND
LATIN AMERICA, PROMOTE
INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND
SECURITY, FOSTER GOODWILL
AND FRIENDLY RELATIONS
AMONG ALL NATIONS AND
ENCOURAGE THE SETTLEMENT
OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES BY
PEACEFUL MEANS.”
SOURCE: http://www.mofa.gov.pk
/content. php?pageID=Foreign%20Policy

6. PAKISTAN’S UN PEACEKEEPING
OBLIGATIONS
• PAKISTAN JOINED THE UN ON SEPTEMBER 30, 1947, JUST OVER A
MONTH AFTER ITS INDEPENDENCE.
• PAKISTAN IS COMMITTED TO A WORLD IN WHICH UPHOLDING
HUMAN DIGNITY IS THE HIGHEST VALUE AND MAINTAINING
GLOBAL PEACE A SACRED DUTY. PAKISTAN ENVISAGES A WORLD
WHICH IS FREE OF WANT, HUNGER AND DEPRIVATION. A WORLD
WHERE JUSTICE AND FAIR PLAY GOVERN THE AFFAIRS OF HUMAN
BEINGS AND INEQUALITY, OPPRESSION AND WAR ARE ABHORRED.
• OVER THE LAST 66 YEARS, PAKISTAN HAS PUT THIS VISION INTO
PRACTICE BY MAKING SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
PRINCIPLES AND PURPOSES OF THE UN CHARTER, IN PARTICULAR
THE PROMOTION AND MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE
AND SECURITY, AS A MEMBER OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND
THROUGH ITS CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING. IT HAS BEEN
AN ARDENT ADVOCATE OF MULTILATERALISM AND THE PRIMACY
OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS.
SOURCE: OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE PAK MISSION TO THE UN
http://www.pakun.org/Pakistan%20at%20the%20UN/

7. PEACEKEEPING AS A PILLAR OF
FOREIGN POLICY
• PAKISTAN'S CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING IS A KEY PILLAR OF OUR FOREIGN
POLICY.
• PAKISTAN'S PARTNERSHIP WITH UN PEACEKEEPING IS UNIQUE IN THE SENSE THAT WE
HAVE BEEN AMONG THE TOP TROOP CONTRIBUTORS TO THE UN, AND ALSO HOST
ONE OF THE FIRST UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS, I.E. THE UN MILITARY OBSERVER
GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (UNMOGIP), THAT CONTINUES TO MONITOR
CEASEFIRE ALONG THE LINE OF CONTROL IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR.
• EVER SINCE OUR FIRST DEPLOYMENT IN THE UN MISSION IN CONGO IN 1960, OVER
150,000 PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPERS HAVE SERVED WITH DISTINCTION IN 41
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. PAKISTAN IS PROUD OF
ITS ROLE IN SOME OF THE NOTABLE SUCCESSES OF PEACEKEEPING INCLUDING SIERRA
LEONE, BURUNDI, TIMOR-LESTE AND LIBERIA. 142 PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPERS HAVE
MADE THE ULTIMATE SACRIFICE IN THE CAUSE OF WORLD PEACE. PAKISTANI
PEACEKEEPERS HAVE EARNED RESPECT AND REPUTE FOR THEIR PROFESSIONALISM
AND DEVOTION TO DUTY. OUR WOMEN HAVE ALSO BEEN OUTSTANDING IN THE FIELD.
SHAHZADI GULFAM OF PAKISTAN POLICE WAS THE FIRST EVER RECIPIENT OF
INTERNATIONAL FEMALE POLICE PEACEKEEPER AWARD IN 2011.
STATEMENT OF ADVISER TO THE PM ON NATIONAL SECURITY & FOREIGN AFFAIRS
IN UN SEMINAR ON PEACEKEEPING & TRAINING IN NDU, ISLAMABAD 2015
http://www.mofa.gov.pk/pr-details.php?mm=MzIxNQ

8. SUCCESS IN PEACEKEEPING?
UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS OPERATE IN
THE MOST DANGEROUS AND DIFFICULT
ENVIRONMENTS IN THE WORLD, DEALING
WITH CONFLICTS – OR THEIR AFTERMATH –
WHICH OTHERS CANNOT OR WILL NOT
ADDRESS. WE CAN ACHIEVE WHAT OTHERS
CAN’T, BUT SUCCESS IS NEVER GUARANTEED.
SOURCE: OFFICIAL UN WEBSITE
http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operat
ions/success.shtml

9. HOW DOES THE UN RATE A
MISSION AS A SUCCESS?
LEGITIMACY
CREDIBILITY/
ACCEPTABILITY
CAPABILITY
FULFILMENT OF
MISSION FACILITATING
CONFLICT
RESOLUTION
PLANNING

10. HOW
WOULD A
COUNTRY
GUAGE
ITS
SUCCESS
IN A
PKO?
FULFILMENT OF NATIONAL
FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES
ENHANCEMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S IMAGE
COMPLETION OF MISSION WITHOUT
CONTROVERSY, SCANDAL & CASUALTIES
FULFILMENT OF THE UN MANDATE

11. SOME UNSUCCESSFUL UN MISSIONS
• SOMALIA (1993). IN THE ANNALS OF THE UN, THE
PEACEKEEPING MISSION IN SOMALIA IS CONSIDERED A
FAILURE BECAUSE OF
– FIRST THE TRAGIC DEATHS OF 25 PAKISTANI SOLDIERS (PLUS 54
INJURED)
– FOLLOWED BY 18 US SOLDIERS, SOME OF WHOM WERE
DISMEMBERED AND DRAGGED THROUGH THE STREETS IN
MOGADISHU (PLUS 75 INJURED)
• RWANDA (1994). UN PEACEKEEPERS IN RWANDA STOOD BY
AS HUTU SLAUGHTERED SOME 800,000 TUTSI.
• BOSNIA (1995). NOTHING WAS DONE TO SECURE THE UN
DECLARED SAFE AREAS, LETTING THE SERBS BRUTALLY
SLAUGHTER UPTO 20,000 MUSLIM MEN AND TEEN AGED
BOYS, AND WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SREBRENICA.
Thomas W. Jacobson, U.N. Peacekeeping: Few Successes,
Many Failures, Inherent Flaws, 2015

12. AMERICAN RETREAT FROM SOMALIA
• IMAGES OF AMERICAN
SOLDIERS BEING DRAGGED
THROUGH THE STREETS OF
MOGADISHU LED PRESIDENT
CLINTON TO PULL OUT THE US
OUT OF SOMALIA BY 1994
• UN MISSION PULLED OUT IN
1995
• SOMALIA FELL BACK INTO
ANARCHY & CIVIL WAR

13. PAKISTAN DID NOT WITHDRAW
UNILATERALLY
• PAKISTAN DECIDED NOT TO WITHDRAW FROM
SOMALIA EVEN AFTER THE JUNE 5 INCIDENT
• THIS SIGNALLED TO THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY THAT
– IT TAKES ITS INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
SERIOUSLY
– DOES NOT LEAVE THE CONFLICT AREA WITHOUT
THE COMPLETION OF ITS MANDATE

14. WHY SOMALIA A SUCCESS STORY FOR
PAKISTAN?
• BROKE DIPLOMATIC ISOLATION
– WHEN THE OPERATION FOR SOMALIA WAS BEING
PLANNED, PAKISTAN WAS FACING INCREASING ISOLATION
BECAUSE OF ITS NUCLEAR PROGRAM & WAS ON THE
VERGE OF BEING DECLARED A SPONSOR OF TERROR
– PARTICIPATION IN UNOSOM I & II SIGNALLED
REINTEGRATION INTO THE COMITY OF NATIONS
• ENHANCED PAKISTAN’S IMAGE: PERFORMANCE OF
PAKISTANI SOLDIERS WAS EXAMPLARY & WAS
APPRECIATED BY ALL & SUNDRY
• OPENED UP PAKISTAN’S PROSPECTS FOR
PEACEKEEPING: IT BECAME THE STEPPING STONE FOR
PAKISTAN TO PARTICIPATE IN MORE UNPKOs

15. MANDATE OF UNOSOM
UNOSOM I
• UNSCR 751 OF 24 APRIL 1992
– TO MONITOR THE CEASEFIRE IN
MOGADISHU, THE CAPITAL OF
SOMALIA; AND
– TO PROVIDE PROTECTION AND
SECURITY FOR UN PERSONNEL,
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES AT THE
SEAPORTS AND AIRPORTS IN
MOGADISHU AND
– ESCORT DELIVERIES OF
HUMANITARIAN SUPPLIES FROM
THERE TO DISTRIBUTION CENTRES IN
THE CITY AND ITS IMMEDIATE
ENVIRONS.
• UNSCR 775 OF 28 AUGUST OF 1992,
EXPANDED THE STRENGTH TO ENABLE IT
TO PROTECT HUMANITARIAN CONVOYS
AND DISTRIBUTION CENTRES
THROUGHOUT SOMALIA.
UNITAF
• ON 3 DECEMBER 1992, AFTER
THE SITUATION IN SOMALIA HAD
FURTHER DETERIORATED, UNSCR
794 (1992), AUTHORIZED
MEMBER STATES TO FORM THE
UNIFIED TASK FORCE (UNITAF) TO
ESTABLISH A SAFE ENVIRONMENT
FOR THE DELIVERY OF
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.
• UNITAF WORKED IN
COORDINATION WITH UNOSOM I
TO SECURE MAJOR POPULATION
CENTRES AND ENSURE THAT
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WAS
DELIVERED AND DISTRIBUTED.

16. SOMALIA: SUCCESS MATRIX
SERIAL BENCHMARKS STAR RATING
1 FULFILMENT OF NATIONAL
FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES
2 FULFILMENT OF THE UN MANDATE
3 ENHANCEMENT OF THE
COUNTRY’S IMAGE
4 COMPLETION OF MISSION
WITHOUT CONTROVERSY,
SCANDAL & CASUALTIES

17. UN CHIEF LAUDS PAKISTANI
PEACEKEEPERS CONTRIBUTION TO
WORLD PEACE, 3 JUNE 2016

18. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION