Typhoid fever

1. Group : 5

2. Group name
 Rahma Mohamed Muhumed
 Sumaya Ibrahim omer
 Deka Hussein abdi
 Cawo muuse Dahir
 Fadxiya muumin Hussein
 Ugbad muse Muhumed
 Hamda ciise
 Naciima Ismael diriye
 Nimco xamud dahir
 Mushtaq mahad nuur
 Xafsa ahmed c/lahi

3. Objectives
 Introduction
 Clinical manifestation
 Complication
 Diagnosis test
 Causes
 Risk factors
 Prevention and control
 Treatment
 Epidemiology

4. Introduction
 Typhoid fever is acute illness associated with fever
caused by salmonella typhi bacteria it can also be
caused by salmonella parathyphi a related bacterium
that usually causes a less severe illness
 Typhoid fever also known as enteric fever

5. Clinical manifestation
 Persistent high temperature that gradually increase
each day
 Headache
 General aches and pains
 Extreme tiredness {fatigue}
 Cough
 Constipation
 As in the infection progresses you may lose your
appetite feel sick and have tummy ache and diarrhea

7. Complication
 Intestinal perforation
 gastro-Intestinal hemorrhage
 Hepatitis
 Cholecystitis
 Myocarditis
 Shock
 Encephalopathy
 Pneumonia
 Aneamia

8. Diagnosis
 Blood culture
 Test of bone marrow
 Urine and stool culture {2nd and 3rd week}
 Clot culture
 Specific serology test {fluorescent antibody study to
look for substances that are specific to typhoid
bacteria}
 Punch-biopsy samples of rose spots culture

10. Causes
 Cause by bacteria salmonella typhi
 Family-enterobacteriacea
 Gram negative bacilii
 Best grows at 37c
 Transmission
 Faecal-oral route
 Close contact with patients or carrier
 Contaminated water and food
 Flies and cockroaches

11. Risk factors
 Poor hygiene habit
 Poor sanitation conditions
 Contact with some one who recently suffered from
typhoid fever
 Immunosuppressive illness
 Crowded housing
 Prolonged illness
 Being healthcare worker
 Consumption of raw fruits and vegetables
contaminated with sewage

12. Prevention and control
 Getting vaccinated
 wash foods and drinks before eating
 Frequenly hand-washing
 Avoid eating street food
 Drink boiled water
 Eat only throughly cooked food

14. Treatment
 Activity –rest is helpful
 Medical care
 Antibiotics
 Corticosteroise {for severe typhoid fever}
 Antipyretics
 Diet { fluid and electrolytes should be monitored soft
digestible diet is preferable in absence of abdominal
distention and ileus }
 Surgical care – in cases of intestinal perforation

18. Epidemiology