3. Study of insects is termed as “Entomology”
Father of Entomology “William Kirby”.
Most diverse of all organisms
Every year 10,000 species are discovered
About 1.5 million species are discovered
About 2/3 are insects species in all
population on land
Largest group of arthropods is Class Insecta
12. Prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax
•Each segment bears a pair of legs
• Wings are attached to the mesothorax and
metathorax, but never the prothorax
• Legs of insects vary greatly in size and form and
are often used for classification purposes
•Walking, jumping, diggings, grasping, feeling,
swimming,
•carrying loads, building nests, and cleaning
•Leg adaptations
• Grasshoppers: enlarged femur for jumping
• Beetle: enlongated tarsi for running
14. •May have 11 or 12 segments, but often
hard to distinguish from one another
• Some may have cerci at the tip of the
abdomen (earwigs)
•Length can vary greatly from different
insect Species
•It consists reproductive and digestive
system
17. Called Silverfish
Found around houses
or outside under
stones or wood
Fast runners
Secretive and active at
night.
Flat, long bodies
Long antennae
Three, long, tail like
appendages
18. Compound eyes usually present 2-3 ocelli
Abdomen small
Abdomen consists of 10 or 11 segments
Bristletails and silverfish
Chewing mouthparts; no wings
Example: Silver fish
19. Minute, somewhat tubular or globose forms.
Eye patches consist of one to several ocelli
Antennae are short usually 4 - segmented
Abdomen consists of 6 segments, 4th
segment bears furcula which it uses for
jumping
Called springtails
Small & soft bodied
20. Furcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen
Furcula folds under the body at rest
Found in decaying plant material
Mouth parts, chewing type
Example: Podura
21. Antennae multijointed;
compound eyes and ocelli absent;
abdomen of 11 segments,
telson included or absent;
paired ventral styli;
paired cerci of variable form;
setae, rarely scales
Campodea staphylinus
22. The name Protura, derived from the Greek
words “proto-” meaning first and “ura”
meaning tail.
Minute, elongated whitish insects
Antennae, eyes and ocelli are lacking.
Wings are absent
Abdomen short consists of 12 segments
Trachea lacking
Malphighian Tubules are lacking
Example: Acerentulus
23. Sub Class – Pterygota
(Winged Insects)
Group I - Endopterygota
24. Medium to large sized insects
120,000 species
Body and wings are completely covered by
flat over-lapping scales and hairs
Mouthparts usually long, sucking proboscis
Antennae always prominent
Wings two pairs, fore wings often largest
Example: Butterflies ( Dnaus)
25. Minute to large size insects
350,000 species
Antennae variable in shape and size usually 1
segmented
Compound eyes
Fore wings such that it protects the hind wings
Legs typically cursorial, some adapted for
swimming, jumping or digging
Abdomen usually 10 segmented
Mouthparts usually biting and chewing type
Example: Lady Bird Beetle
Ladybird beetle
26. Medium to large sized, social or parasitic insects
125,000 species
Antennae 12 segmented in male and 13
segmented in females
Mouthparts variable, chewing to lapping or
sucking
Compound eyes usually well developed
Two pairs of wings, hind wings smaller than fore
wings
Example : Honey bees (Apis), Wasp (Vespa), Ants
etc.
27. • 85,000- 125,000 species
• Most important vectors human
disease
• Minute to medium sized
• Flies & mosquitoes
• Transparent front wings used for
flight, hind wings reduced and help
with balance
• Compound eyes present
• Heavy armored exoskeleton
28. • Metamorphosis complete
• Sucking, piercing, and lapping mouth parts
• Example: Housefly (Musca),Fruitfly (Drosophila),
Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles)
29. Minute, hard bodied
Vary from 2-4mm
Mouth parts piercing and sucking type
Siphoning mouth part
Compound eyes lacking
Antennae short contained within antennal
grooves
Wings absent
Enlarged hind leg used for
jumping
Example: Fleas
30. Greek word “neuron”= nerve and “ptera”=
wings
Small to very large sized
Soft bodied insect
2 pair wings of similar size and elonagated in
oval shape, when at rest the wings are held
‘roof like’ over the body
Venation in wings
Mouthparts chewing type
31. Antennae may be thread like or toothed(comb
like)
Most species large compound eyes
Metamorphosis complete
Example: Green lacewing (Chrysopa) , Snake
fly (Agulla)
Green lacewing Snake fly
32. Small to medium sized, slender, predaceous
insects
Head usually elongated
Mouth parts chewing type
Compound eyes are present
Antennae long and filiform
Wings two pairs, commonly
with dark spots
Example: Scorpion fly (Panorpa)
33. • Metamorphosis complete
• Sucking, piercing, and lapping mouth parts
• Example: Housefly (Musca),Fruitfly (Drosophila),
Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles)
34. Small to medium sized insects
Compound eyes present
Antennae range from setaceous to filiform
Wings two pairs, hind wings broader than
fore wings, covered with modified hair like
setae
Example: Caddis fly ( Philopotamus)
35. Strepsiptera, derived from the Greek “Strepsi”
meaning turned or twisted and “ptera”
meaning wings.
Minute sized mostly endoprasitic
Large fan-shaped hind wings, small club like
front wings
Antennae 4-7 segment
Flabellate type antennae
37. Sub Class – Pterygota
(Winged Insects)
Group II - Exopterygota
38. Minute to very large sized insects
10 – 100 mm
Mouth parts chewing type
A pair on antennae
Compound eyes
Two pairs of wings are present. Fore-wings
are hard, narrow
Abdomen 11 segmented
Example: Grasshoppers (Poecilocerus),
Locust (Schistocerca)
39. Reddish brown, 4-5 mm
Medium to very large size insects
Mouthparts piercing and sucking type,
proboscis
Antennae 2-10 or rarely 25 segmented
Eyes large
Wings when present, two pairs, fore-wings,
usually thickened, but can’t fly
Example: Bedbug( Cimex Lectularius) ,Giant
water bug(Belostoma)
41. Medium to very large sized insects
Size varies 15 to 100 mm
Head large, short antennae
Two pairs of wings, net like
Abdomen elongate
Example : Dragon Flies ( Lestes)
42. Social and polymorphic insects
living in colonies under caste system
Soft bodies & short antenna
Castes – workers, soldiers, kings, and
queen
Mouthparts chewing type
Live for 15 years.
Lay 1 egg every 15 seconds
Eat wood. Can destroy a house in 2-3
years
Example: Termites( Zotermopsis
nasutitermes)
43. About 4500 species defined
Minute to small sized insects 0.5-5mm
Body slender
Feeds on plant juice
Mouthparts rasping and sucking type
Small compound eyes
Antennae short 6-10 segments
Wings two pairs, narrow fringed
Abdomen 10-11 segments
Example: Thrips ( Heliothrips)
44.
45. Minute, ectoparasitic
2-4mm in size
Head narrower than thorax
Mouthparts piercing and sucking retracted into
head when not feeding
Compound eyes weekly developed
Wings absent
Antennae short 3-5 segments
Legs adapted for clinging to the hairs of the host
and each terminationg in curved claw
Example : Human Body Louse (Pediculus
humanus)
46. Small to medium size
Soft bodied
Elongated
Antennae long tapering
Well developed compound eyes
Two pairs of wings
Example : Stoneflies (Isoplera)
47. Medium to large, somewhat elongated
and slender
Size 5-25mm
Mouthparts chewing type
Antennae long slender
2 pair of wings, fore wing short, leathery and
veinless, hindwings, broad, fan-like
Abdomen 11 segments
Pincers present at the end of abdomen
Example: Earwigs ( Fortficula)
48. Large sized insects
Body elongate, cylindrical with short
prothorax, large meso and mata thorax
Head broad and bears a pair of long filiorm
antennae
Mouthparts are biting type
Wings absent or present
Abdomen 11 segments
Example : Carausius (stick insect)
49. Small to quite long (5-35 mm)
Soft bodies, fragile
Mouthparts chewing type
Antennae are short
Compound eyes
Two pairs of wings. Fore Wings larger than hindwings
Example : Mayflies ( Ephemera)
50. Small, apterous, ectoparasitic insects
Body is long or broad
Head generally large
Mouthparts biting type
Antennae short
Clinging legs
Example: Biting Lice (Menacanthus)
51. Minute size insects
Head capsule large as compared to rest of
body
Mouthparts chewing type Labial Silk Gland are
present
Two pairs of wings
Example : Book-lice (Liposcellis)