Production technology of flowers.pptx

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FLOWERS Dr. K. Vanangamudi Formerly Dean (Agriculture), Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore Dean, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai Professor & Head, Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore. Dr. M. Prabhu Associate Professor, Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Tirchirapalli. M. Kokila PG Scholar, Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore. Production technology of flowers Cultivation practices Rose Arabian jasmine malligai Spanish jasmine mullai Mullai Varieties Hybrid Teas, Floribunda, Polyantha, Miniatures, Climbers, Ramblers, Shrub Rose Ramnad Local, Single Mogra, Double Mogra, Iruvatchi, Arka Aradhana CO1, CO2 Parimullai CO1, CO2 Arka Surabhi Propagation Rooted cuttings, layering or by T budding on Briar root stocks in hills and Edward Rose and Rosa multiflora and Rosa indica var odorata in plains. Cuttings with 2-3 buds, IBA @ 500- 1000 ppm to promote rooting Semi hard wood cuttings of 15 to 20 cm long Semi hard wood cuttings of 15- 20 cm long Terminal cuttings (12.5- 15cm long)

2. Season July-August June-Nov June-Nov June-Nov Planting Pit size 45 x 45 x 45 cm Spacing 2.0 x 1.0 m Pit size 30 x 30 x 30 cm Spacing 1.25 x 1.25 m Pit size 30 x 30 x 30 cm Spacing 1.5x1.5 m Pit size 30 x 30 x 30 cm Spacing 1.8 x 1.8 m Fertilizer 6:12:12 g/plant NPK 60:120:120 g/plant/year 120:240:120 g per plant/yr 60:120:120 g/plant/yr Special practices Pruning – cut back vigorous past season shoots, 250 ppm GA3 – to increase flower. production Foliar spray of ZnSO4 0.25% + MgSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% Same as malligai Same as malligai Harvest season and yield 150-200 stems /m2/ year - cut rose yield under greenhouse conditions. Hybrid Tea = 70 -80 stems/ plant/year Floribunda = 80 -90 stems/ plant/year. Loose flowers is 3-5 tonnes/ ha/ year. Cut roses have minimum vase life of 12 days Flowering season – March- October Flower yield - 8 to 9 t/ha Concrete recovery - 0.14- 0.19% Flower yield - 10 t/ha Concrete recovery - 0.25- 0.28% Flowering season - April – November Flowering season - May to October Flower yield - 11 t/ha Concrete recovery 0.25- 0.32%

3. Cultivation practices Crossandra Chrysanthemum Marigold Tuberose Varieties Tetraploid Kirti, Arka Pusa Narangi, Single-Calcutta orange Lutea Swarna, Shanti, Gainda, Pusa Single-Mexican yellow, Y2K, Arka Basanthi, Single-Prajival Sebaculis red Ganga, Appu, MDU 1 Rajat Rekha Triploid – Delhi Sadbhavana, Shringar Double Crossandra Bindiya, MDU1, Pearl Double CO 1, CO 2, Swarna Rekha, Indira and Red Suvasini Vaibhav Gold, Ravi Kiran, Akash, Yellow Start, Indira, Rakhee, Chandrakand Propagation Tetraploid – Terminal cuttings Seeds 1.5 Bulbs -25-30 g seeds 5 kg/ha - (5 to 7 cm long) kg/ha weight 60 days old or suckers 5-7 cm Transplant 25 seedlings long cuttings are to 30 days old Triploid – taken and roots seedling terminal are induced by cuttings :10-15 treating with IBA cm (1000 ppm). Season July-Oct June-July Throughout the year June-July Planting Tetraploid - 60 30 x 30 cm 45 x 35 cm 45 x 20 cm depth - x 30 cm 60 x 60 spacing on one 2.5 cm cm- seed side of ridges production (1,11,000 Triploid - 60 x plants/ha) 40 cm Fertilizer 150:100:250 kg/ha 125:120:25 kg NPK/ha 90:90:75 kg per ha 200:200:200 kg/ha Special Growth Pinching – 4 Biostimulant humic acid @ 0.2% Growth regulator practices regulator - weeks after - foliar spray of Ascorbic acid at planting to induce GA3 at 50-100 1000 ppm lateral branches ppm (Before Dusuckering - flowering) removal of side suckers, GA3 @ 50 ppm spray Harvest season Flowering - 1 Flowering 3rd Flower yield Yield : Loose and yield month after month onwards 30-35 tons/ha flower 14-15 t/ha transplanting Main crop - 20 Xanthophylls Cut flower 2-3 Yield : tons/ha - 1.7-1.9 g/kg lakh spike/ha/year Tetraploid - Ratoon - 10 of fresh Bulbs & bulblets 2 t/ha/year tons/ha flowers 20-25 tons/ha Triploid - Concrete recovery 2.8 t/ha/year 0.08-0.11%

4. Cultivation practices Neerium Golden red Cut rose Cut chrysanthemum Varieties Tall - Single Rose Single White Single Red Dwarf - Petite Salmon Petite Pink Ballardi Golden Gate Golden Wing Monte Doro Monte Solo Peter Pan Super, Tara Gold First Red Red Corvette Tajmahal Gold Strike Skyline Movie Star Miracle Tropical Amazon Rebery Pola Avalanche Hollywood Standard - Bonfire Orange, Bonfire Yellow Reagen Yellow, Reagen White, Nanako Propagation Hard or semi hard wood cuttings - 60 cm length Clumps or suckers T-budding on Briar rootstock Terminal cuttings- 5 to 7 cm Inducing root – IBA1000 ppm Season June – July Throughout the year - Protected cultivation throughout the year Planting 30 x 30 x 30 cm pit size Spacing 2 x 2 m 45 x 45 cm Protected cultivation 40 x15 cm Open field condition 60 x 60 cm to 60 x 75 cm 15 x 15 cm or 10 x 15 cm Fertilizer - 140:175:150 kg/ha - - Special practices - - Bending- To grow lateral branches Shoot thinning - Un productive shoots & water suckers Pinching Disbudding Growth regulator GA3 50 ppm Increase flower stem length Harvest season and yield Yield: 100-125 kg of flowers per ha/day Flower yield: 3 lakh stems/ ha/crop Harvest at tight bud stage - 60- 90 cm long stem Under poly house - Flower yield 1st year - 120 flowers/m2 2nd year - 200- 240 flowers/m2 3rd year - 300- 360 flowers/m2 Yield : Standard - 67 flower stems per m2 Spray - 260 flower stems/m2

5. Cultivation practices Carnation Anthurium Gladiolus Dendrobium orchid Varieties Emotion Star Liberty Pink Dover White Liberty Temptation Tropical Red Mauritius Red Candy Stripe Lima Jewel Priscilla Summer Sunshine Archana Bindiya Shree Ganesh Aarti Arka Kesar Dhiraj KKL 1 Sonia 12 Sonia 28 Emma White Sakura Pink Propagation Terminal stem cuttings Tissue culture or suckers Corms – Ethrel 1000 ppm (or) GA3 100 ppm (or) 500 ppm thiourea - To break dormancy Clumps, Keikis, Back bulbs, tissue culture plants Season Throughout the year Protected cultivation throughout the year October for plains, March- April in hills Protected cultivation throughout the year Planting 15 x 15 cm - 40 x 25 cm or 25 x 25 cm - Fertilizer - 40:30: 30 kg NPK/ha 0.2% NPK foliar spray 120:150: 150 kg NPK/ha Foliar spray of 20:10:10 @ 0.2% NPK Special practices Netting – plant support 1st yr-7.5 x 7.5cm 2nd yr-10 x 10cm 3rd yr-12.5 x 12.5cm 4th yr-15x15 cm - Staking – large flowered varieties staked to avoid lodging GA3 (50 ppm) Post harvest pulsing - 8HQC 500 ppm + 5% sucrose for 12 hrs Harvest season and yield Standard type - paint brush stage Spray type - when two flowers are open Flower yield :15 flowers/plant Average yield - 7-9 flowers/ plant/year 110-120 days to produce spikes Yield : 2 to 2.5 lakh flower stalks/ha/crop 8-10 spikes per plant/year

6. Cultivation practices Lilium Gerbera China aster Varieties Asiatic hybrid- Dreamland, Yellow Giant Oriental hybrid- Nerostan, Siberia, Casablanca Eastern Lily Elegant Lady, Snow Queen, Ace, White Ruby Red Doni Talasa Rosalin Farida Dalma Winter Queen Snow Flake Goliath Kamini Poornima Shashank Violet Cushion Kamini Poornima Shashank Violet Cushion Propagation Bulbs Suckers and tissue culture plants Seeds: 2.5 to 3 kg/ha Transplant 30-45 day old seedling Season Protected cultivation throughout the year Protected cultivation throughout the year Throughout the year under mild climatic Planting 20 x15 cm 15x15 cm 15x10 cm 40 x 30 cm or 30 x 30 cm 120 x 60 x 10 cm raised bed Fertilizer - - 180:60:60 kg/ha Special practices - - - Harvest season and yield Crop duration Asiatic hybrid-8 to 10 weeks Oriental hybrid- 14-16 weeks Yield : 30-40 flower stems/m2 Flowering - 3 months after planting Average yield - 200- 250 flowers/m2/year 18-20 t/ha

Production technology of flowers.pptx

Production technology of flowers.pptx

Production technology of flowers.pptx

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Production technology of flowers.pptx