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Chapter 3: The Internet and
     World Wide Web: E-commerce
            Infrastructure
   Chapter 3
    The Internet and
    World Wide Web:
    E-commerce Infrastructure

Copyright © © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
  Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
            2007 Pearson Education, Inc.     Slide 1-1
Teaching Objectives
   Discuss the origins of the Internet.
   Identify the key technology concepts behind the Internet.
   Describe the role of Internet protocols and utility programs.
   Explain the current structure of the Internet.
   Explain the limitations of today’s Internet.
   Describe the potential capabilities of Internet II.
   Explain how the World Wide Web works.
   Describe how Internet and Web features and services support
    e-commerce.



Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                    Slide 1-2
The Internet: Technology
                    Background
   Internet
       Interconnected network of thousands of networks and
          millions of computers
       Links businesses, educational institutions, government
          agencies, and individuals

   World Wide Web (Web)
       One of the Internet’s most popular services

       Provides access to around billions, possibly trillions, of
          Web pages
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                         Slide 3-3
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 1-4
The Evolution of the Internet
             1961—The Present
   Innovation Phase, 1964–1974
         Creation of fundamental building blocks
   Institutionalization Phase, 1975–1994
         Large institutions provide funding and legitimization

   Commercialization Phase,1995–present
         Private corporations take over, expand Internet backbone and local
          service
         2002_0918_Internet_History_and_Growth.ppt

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                                Slide 3-5
Source: http://www.glossar.de/glossar/1frame.htm?

                                                    1-6
The Internet:
              Key Technology Concepts
          Defined by Federal Networking Commission
           as network that:
            Uses IP addressing
            Supports TCP/IP
            Provides services to users, in manner similar to telephone system
          Three important concepts:
      1.     Packet switching
      2.     TCP/IP communications protocol
      3.     Client/server computing

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                                  Slide 3-7
Circuit switching




 Source: http://www.highteck.net/EN/Basic/Internetworking.html

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                         Slide 1-8
Packet Switching
   Slices digital messages into packets
   Sends packets along different communication paths
    as they become available
   Reassembles packets once they arrive at destination
   Uses routers
         Special purpose computers that interconnect the computer networks that
          make up the Internet and route packets
         Routing algorithms ensure packets take the best available path toward their
          destination

   Less expensive, wasteful than circuit-switching

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                                        Slide 3-9
Packet Switching
   Figure 3.3, Page 130




 Packet Switching Demo
 http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/geek_glossary/packet_switching_flash.html
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                                       Slide 3-10
TCP/IP
          Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
            Establishes connections between sending and receiving Web
             computers
            Handles assembly of packets at point of transmission, and
             reassembly at receiving end

          Internet Protocol (IP):
            Provides the Internet’s addressing scheme

          Four TCP/IP Layers (hourglass model)
      1.     Network Interface Layer
      2.     Internet Layer
      3.     Transport Layer
      4.     Application Layer
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                                 Slide 3-11
The TCP/IP Architecture and
              Protocol Suite
Figure 3.4,
Page 132




Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-12
Routing Internet Messages:
        TCP/IP and Packet Switching
 Figure 3.5, Page 133




Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-13
Internet (IP) Addresses
 IPv4:
        32-bit number
        Expressed as series of four sets of separate numbers marked off by
         periods
              201.61.186.227 or 130.111.67.244

              Class B address: Network identified by first two sets, computer identified
               by last set

              Class C address: Network identified by first three sets, computer
               identified by last set

        New version: IPv6 has 128-bit addresses, able to handle up to 1
         quadrillion addresses (IPv4 can only handle 4 billion )
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                                           Slide 3-14
Checking your IP
 From start menu, type cmd in search box
 Under programs, click on cmd
 Type ipconfig




Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.       Slide 3-15
Domain Names, DNS, and URLs
   Domain Name
         IP address expressed in natural language
         Tonyg.umfk.maine.edu  130.111.66.37

   Domain Name System (DNS)
         Allows numeric IP addresses to be expressed in natural language

   Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
         Address used by Web browser to identify location of content on the
          Web
         E.g., http://www.azimuth-interactive.com/flash_test
         Protocol/server/file

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.                               Slide 3-16
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 1-17
How to Pick a Domain Name
   Pointers for picking domain names
        If you sell bricks, pick a domain name containing a word like brick
        Consider name length and ease of remembering the name
        Hyphens to force search engines to see keywords in your domain
         name custom-bricks.com
        Make sure the domain name is easy for Web users to remember and
         find
        The domain name should suggest the nature of your product or
         service
        The domain name should serve as a trademark
        The domain name should be free of legal conflicts



                                                                           1-18
Some memorable Internet
           names
                                       Bad names
   Good names                            Yadayada.com
      Amazon.com                         Doggles.com
      Ebay.com                           ePet.com
      Yahoo.com                          Teacherstalk.com
      Google.com                         “anything”online.com
      Alibaba.com                        llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrob
      Hotmail.com                         wyll-llantysiliogogogoch.com
      qwerty.com                         thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelon

      Dropbox.com                         gestdomainnameatlonglast.com
                                          Close to an existing name
                                              Gooogle.com
                                              Goggle.com


                © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc                                  1-19
How to Register a Domain Name
   Check if the domain name you propose has been
    taken
   www.FasterWhois.com
   http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/index.jsp
   One of the most popular and reliable registration
    information sites is www.internic.net
   I use www.godaddy.com and
    www.networksolutions.com


                © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc               1-20
Client/Server Computing
 Powerful personal computers (clients)
    connected in network with one or more
    servers
 Servers perform common functions for
    the clients
       Storing files, software applications, etc.




Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.             Slide 3-21
Client Server




© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc   1-22
The New Client: The Emerging
            Mobile Platform
 Within a few years, primary Internet
    access will be through:
      Netbooks & Tablets
             Designed to connect to wireless Internet
             Under 2 lb, solid state memory, 8” displays
             $200-400      $200 for Kindle Fire, $500-800 for iPad2
      Smartphones
               Disruptive technology: Processors, operating systems


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                               Slide 3-23
Cloud Computing
 Firms and individuals obtain computing
    power and software over Internet
       E.g., Google Apps

 Fastest growing form of computing
 Radically reduces costs of:
       Building and operating Web sites
       Infrastructure, IT support
       Hardware, software




Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.     Slide 3-24
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-25
Other Internet Protocols and
              Utility Programs
 Internet protocols
       HTTP
       E-mail: SMTP, POP3, IMAP
       FTP, Telnet, SSL

 Utility programs
       Ping
       Tracert
       Pathping


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-26
The Internet Today
 Internet growth has boomed without
    disruption because of:
      Client/server computing model
       Hourglass, layered architecture
             Network Technology Substrate
             Transport Services and Representation Standards
             Middleware Services
             Applications



Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                        Slide 3-27
The
Hourglass
Model of the
Internet
Figure 3.11, Page 144




SOURCE: Adapted from Computer
Science and Telecommunications
Board (CSTB), 2000.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-28
Internet Network Architecture
 Backbone:
         High-bandwidth fiber-optic cable networks
         Private networks owned by a variety of NSPs
         Bandwidth: 155 Mbps – 2.5 Gbps
         Built-in redundancy
 IXPs: Hubs where backbones intersect with regional and
    local networks, and backbone owners connect with one
    another
 CANs: LANs operating within a single organization that
    leases Internet access directly from regional or national
    carrier

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                        Slide 3-29
http://www.nthelp.com/maps.htm




http://www.nthelp.com/maps.htm
               © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc   3-30
Internet Network Architecture
  Figure 3.12, Page 145




Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-31
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
   Provide lowest level of service to individuals,
    small businesses, some institutions
   Types of service
       Narrowband (dial-up)

       Broadband
               Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
               Cable modem
               T1 and T3
               Satellite
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.        Slide 3-32
Intranets and Extranets
 Intranet

      TCP/IP network located within a single
          organization for communications and
          processing
 Extranet

      Formed when firms permit outsiders to
          access their internal TCP/IP networks

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.          Slide 3-33
Intranet – components
Intranet
   Benefits:
       E - commerce
       Customer service
       Search & access data
       Customize information
       Share information
       Enforce group decision making
       Empower
       Virtual organization
       Share software
       Managing data
       Training
Extranet


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Kh¸ch hµng
Extranet –Extranet Applications
Extranet - Benefits

 Manufacturing cost reduction

 Strength communication

 Expanse business opportunities

 East to exchange information among

 business partners
Who Governs the Internet?
 Organizations that influence the Internet
    and monitor its operations include:
         Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
         Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
         Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)
         Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
         Internet Society (ISOC)
         World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
         International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
         More information @ http://www.isoc.org/standards/



Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                            Slide 3-39
Insight on Society
              Government Regulation and
              Surveillance of the Internet
                                           Class Discussion
   How is it possible for any government to “control” or censor
    the Web?
   Does the Chinese government, or the U.S. government, have
    the right to censor content on the Web?
   How should U.S. companies deal with governments that want
    to censor content?
   What would happen to e-commerce if the existing Web split
    into a different Web for each country?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                      Slide 3-40
Fiber Optics and the Bandwidth
       Explosion in the First Mile
   “First mile”: Backbone Internet services that carry
    bulk traffic over long distances
   Older transmission lines being replaced with fiber-
    optic cable
   Much of fiber-optic cable laid in United States is
    “dark”, but represents a vast digital highway that can
    be utilized in the future
       Technology improvement has expanded capacity of
          existing fiber lines
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                  Slide 3-41
Optical Fiber




Source: Adapted from Panko, Raymond, Business Data Communications and Networking (3 rd ed.), Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001, p. 278.



                                                                                                1-42
Optical Fiber




                1-43
The Last Mile: Mobile Wireless
            Internet Access

 “Last mile”: From Internet backbone to
    user’s computer, cell phone, PDA, etc.
 Two different basic types of wireless
    Internet access:
      1.    Telephone-based (mobile phones, smartphones)
      2.    Computer network-based


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                   Slide 3-44
Telephone-based Wireless
                 Internet Access
   Competing 3G standards
         GSM: Used world-wide, AT&T, T-Mobile
         CDMA: Used primarily in U.S.
   Evolution:
         2G cellular networks: relatively slow, circuit-switched
         2.5G cellular networks: interim networks
         3G cellular networks: next generation, packet-switched
         3.5G (3G+)
         4G (WiMax, LTE)

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                            Slide 3-45
Wireless Local Area Networks
                (WLANs)
   Wi-Fi
         High-speed, fixed broadband wireless LAN. Different versions for
          home and business market. Limited range.
   WiMax
         High-speed, medium range broadband wireless metropolitan area
          network
   Bluetooth
         Low-speed, short range connection
   Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
         Low power, short-range high bandwidth network
   Zigbee  Bonus question?
         Short-range, low-power wireless network technology for remotely
          controlling digital devices

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                                Slide 3-46
Wi-Fi Networks
 Figure 3.16, Page 163




Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.       Slide 3-47
Benefits of Internet Technologies
   IP multicasting:
         Enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network
   Latency solutions:
         diffserv (differentiated quality of service)
               Assigns different levels of priority to packets depending on type of data being
                transmitted

   Guaranteed service levels and lower error
    rates
         Ability to purchase the right to move data through network at
          guaranteed speed in return for higher fee
   Declining costs
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                                                   Slide 3-48
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 1-49
Development of the Web
   1989–1991: Web invented
         Tim Berners-Lee at CERN
         HTML, HTTP, Web server, Web browser
   1993: Mosaic Web browser w/ GUI
         Andreesen and others at NCSA
         Runs on Windows, Macintosh, or Unix
   1994: Netscape Navigator, first commercial Web
    browser
         Andreessen, Jim Clark
   1995: Microsoft Internet Explorer
   The Browser wars begin!
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.         Slide 3-50
Hypertext
 Text formatted with embedded links

      Links connect documents to one another,
          and to other objects such as sound, video,
          or animation files
 Uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
    and URLs to locate resources on the Web
       Example URL

      http://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                 Slide 3-51
Markup Languages
 Generalized Markup Language (GML) – 1960s
 Standard Generalized Markup Language
  (SGML) –GML variation, 1986
   Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
       Fixed set of pre-defined markup “tags” used to format text
       Controls look and feel of Web pages

   eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
       New markup language specification developed by W3C
       Designed to describe data and information
       Tags used are defined by user

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                        Slide 3-52
Web Servers and Web Clients
   Web server software:
         Enables a computer to deliver Web pages to clients on a network that
          request this service by sending an HTTP request
         Apache and Microsoft IIS
         Basic capabilities: Security services, FTP, search engine, data capture

   Web server
         Can refer to Web server software or physical server
         Specialized servers: Database servers, ad servers, etc.
   Web client:
         Any computing device attached to the Internet that is capable of
          making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                                  Slide 3-53
Web Browsers
 Primary purpose to display Web pages

 Internet Explorer and Firefox dominate
    the market
 Other browsers include:
       Netscape
       Opera
       Safari (for Apple)
       Google Chrome


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.       Slide 3-54
The Internet and Web: Features
 Internet and Web features on which the
    foundations of e-commerce are built
    include:
       E-mail
       Instant messaging
       Search engines
       Intelligent agents (bots)
       Online forums and chat
       Streaming media
       Cookies

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-55
E-mail
   Most used application of the Internet
   Uses series of protocols for transferring messages
    with text and attachments (images, sound, video
    clips, etc.,) from one Internet user to another

                          Instant Messaging
   Displays words typed on a computer almost
    instantly, and recipients can then respond
    immediately in the same way


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.            Slide 3-56
Search Engines
   Identify Web pages that match queries based
    on one or more techniques
       Keyword indexes, page ranking

   Also serve as:
         Shopping tools
         Advertising vehicles (search engine marketing)
         Tool within e-commerce sites

   Outside of e-mail, most commonly used
    Internet activity

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                   Slide 3-57
How Google Works
  Figure 3.22, Page 179




Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.   Slide 3-58
Intelligent Agents (Bots)
 Software programs that gather and/or
    filter information on a specific topic and
    then provide a list of results
       Search bot
       Shopping bot
       Web monitoring bot
       News bot
       Chatter bot




Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.    Slide 3-59
Online Forums and Chat
 Online forum:
       AKA message board, bulletin board, discussion board,
        discussion group, board or forum
       Web application that enables Internet users to
        communicate with each other, although not in real time
       Members visit online forum to check for new posts

 Online chat:
       Similar to IM, but for multiple users
       Typically, users log into chat room



Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                   Slide 3-60
Streaming Media
 Enables music, video and other large files
    to be sent to users in chunks so that
    when received and played, file comes
    through uninterrupted
 Allows users to begin playing media files
    before file is fully downloaded


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.      Slide 3-61
Cookies
  Small text files deposited by  Web site on
     user’s computer to store information
     about user, accessed when user next
     visits Web site
  Can help personalize Web site
     experience
  Can pose privacy threat


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.       Slide 3-62
Web 2.0 Features and Services
 Online Social Networks
       Services that support communication among
          networks of friends, peers
 Blogs
       Personal Web page of chronological entries

 Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
       Program that allows users to have digital content
          automatically sent to their computers over the
          Internet
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.              Slide 3-63
Web 2.0 Features and Services
   Podcasting
       Audio presentation stored as an audio file and available
          for download from Web

   Wikis
       Allows user to easily add and edit content on Web page

   Music and video services
       Online video viewing

       Digital video on demand

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                     Slide 3-64
Web 2.0 Features and Services

 Internet telephony (VOIP)

       Uses Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) and
          Internet’s packet-switched network to transmit
          voice and other forms of audio communication
          over the Internet
 Internet television (IPTV)

 Telepresence and video conferencing

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.               Slide 3-65
Web 2.0 Features and Services
 Online software and Web services

      Web apps, widgets and gadgets

      Digital software libraries, ASPs, distributed
          storage
 M-commerce applications

      Beginning to take off


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.        Slide 3-66
Insight on Technology
Apps for Everything: The App Ecosystem
                                            Class Discussion

    What are apps and why are they so popular?
    Do you use any apps regularly? Which ones,
     and what are their functions?
    What are the benefits of apps? The
     weaknesses?
    Are there any benefits/disadvantages to the
     proprietary nature of the Apple platform?

 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.                      Slide 3-67
Web features
   Interactivity
   Flexibility
   Personalization
   Instantaneous
   Economical
   Privacy


Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.           Slide 3-68
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
         retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
       mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
            permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.


                           Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.  
                                  Publishing as Prentice Hall




Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Lecture 5

  • 1. Chapter 3: The Internet and World Wide Web: E-commerce Infrastructure Chapter 3 The Internet and World Wide Web: E-commerce Infrastructure Copyright © © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-1
  • 2. Teaching Objectives  Discuss the origins of the Internet.  Identify the key technology concepts behind the Internet.  Describe the role of Internet protocols and utility programs.  Explain the current structure of the Internet.  Explain the limitations of today’s Internet.  Describe the potential capabilities of Internet II.  Explain how the World Wide Web works.  Describe how Internet and Web features and services support e-commerce. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-2
  • 3. The Internet: Technology Background  Internet  Interconnected network of thousands of networks and millions of computers  Links businesses, educational institutions, government agencies, and individuals  World Wide Web (Web)  One of the Internet’s most popular services  Provides access to around billions, possibly trillions, of Web pages Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-3
  • 4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-4
  • 5. The Evolution of the Internet 1961—The Present  Innovation Phase, 1964–1974  Creation of fundamental building blocks  Institutionalization Phase, 1975–1994  Large institutions provide funding and legitimization  Commercialization Phase,1995–present  Private corporations take over, expand Internet backbone and local service  2002_0918_Internet_History_and_Growth.ppt Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-5
  • 7. The Internet: Key Technology Concepts  Defined by Federal Networking Commission as network that:  Uses IP addressing  Supports TCP/IP  Provides services to users, in manner similar to telephone system  Three important concepts: 1. Packet switching 2. TCP/IP communications protocol 3. Client/server computing Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-7
  • 8. Circuit switching Source: http://www.highteck.net/EN/Basic/Internetworking.html Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-8
  • 9. Packet Switching  Slices digital messages into packets  Sends packets along different communication paths as they become available  Reassembles packets once they arrive at destination  Uses routers  Special purpose computers that interconnect the computer networks that make up the Internet and route packets  Routing algorithms ensure packets take the best available path toward their destination  Less expensive, wasteful than circuit-switching Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-9
  • 10. Packet Switching Figure 3.3, Page 130 Packet Switching Demo http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/geek_glossary/packet_switching_flash.html Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-10
  • 11. TCP/IP  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):  Establishes connections between sending and receiving Web computers  Handles assembly of packets at point of transmission, and reassembly at receiving end  Internet Protocol (IP):  Provides the Internet’s addressing scheme  Four TCP/IP Layers (hourglass model) 1. Network Interface Layer 2. Internet Layer 3. Transport Layer 4. Application Layer Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-11
  • 12. The TCP/IP Architecture and Protocol Suite Figure 3.4, Page 132 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-12
  • 13. Routing Internet Messages: TCP/IP and Packet Switching Figure 3.5, Page 133 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-13
  • 14. Internet (IP) Addresses  IPv4:  32-bit number  Expressed as series of four sets of separate numbers marked off by periods  201.61.186.227 or 130.111.67.244  Class B address: Network identified by first two sets, computer identified by last set  Class C address: Network identified by first three sets, computer identified by last set  New version: IPv6 has 128-bit addresses, able to handle up to 1 quadrillion addresses (IPv4 can only handle 4 billion ) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-14
  • 15. Checking your IP  From start menu, type cmd in search box  Under programs, click on cmd  Type ipconfig Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-15
  • 16. Domain Names, DNS, and URLs  Domain Name  IP address expressed in natural language  Tonyg.umfk.maine.edu  130.111.66.37  Domain Name System (DNS)  Allows numeric IP addresses to be expressed in natural language  Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  Address used by Web browser to identify location of content on the Web  E.g., http://www.azimuth-interactive.com/flash_test  Protocol/server/file Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-16
  • 17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-17
  • 18. How to Pick a Domain Name  Pointers for picking domain names  If you sell bricks, pick a domain name containing a word like brick  Consider name length and ease of remembering the name  Hyphens to force search engines to see keywords in your domain name custom-bricks.com  Make sure the domain name is easy for Web users to remember and find  The domain name should suggest the nature of your product or service  The domain name should serve as a trademark  The domain name should be free of legal conflicts 1-18
  • 19. Some memorable Internet names  Bad names  Good names  Yadayada.com  Amazon.com  Doggles.com  Ebay.com  ePet.com  Yahoo.com  Teacherstalk.com  Google.com  “anything”online.com  Alibaba.com  llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrob  Hotmail.com wyll-llantysiliogogogoch.com  qwerty.com  thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelon  Dropbox.com gestdomainnameatlonglast.com  Close to an existing name  Gooogle.com  Goggle.com © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc 1-19
  • 20. How to Register a Domain Name  Check if the domain name you propose has been taken  www.FasterWhois.com  http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/index.jsp  One of the most popular and reliable registration information sites is www.internic.net  I use www.godaddy.com and www.networksolutions.com © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc 1-20
  • 21. Client/Server Computing  Powerful personal computers (clients) connected in network with one or more servers  Servers perform common functions for the clients  Storing files, software applications, etc. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-21
  • 22. Client Server © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc 1-22
  • 23. The New Client: The Emerging Mobile Platform  Within a few years, primary Internet access will be through: Netbooks & Tablets  Designed to connect to wireless Internet  Under 2 lb, solid state memory, 8” displays  $200-400 $200 for Kindle Fire, $500-800 for iPad2 Smartphones  Disruptive technology: Processors, operating systems Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-23
  • 24. Cloud Computing  Firms and individuals obtain computing power and software over Internet  E.g., Google Apps  Fastest growing form of computing  Radically reduces costs of:  Building and operating Web sites  Infrastructure, IT support  Hardware, software Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-24
  • 25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-25
  • 26. Other Internet Protocols and Utility Programs  Internet protocols  HTTP  E-mail: SMTP, POP3, IMAP  FTP, Telnet, SSL  Utility programs  Ping  Tracert  Pathping Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-26
  • 27. The Internet Today  Internet growth has boomed without disruption because of: Client/server computing model  Hourglass, layered architecture  Network Technology Substrate  Transport Services and Representation Standards  Middleware Services  Applications Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-27
  • 28. The Hourglass Model of the Internet Figure 3.11, Page 144 SOURCE: Adapted from Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB), 2000. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-28
  • 29. Internet Network Architecture  Backbone:  High-bandwidth fiber-optic cable networks  Private networks owned by a variety of NSPs  Bandwidth: 155 Mbps – 2.5 Gbps  Built-in redundancy  IXPs: Hubs where backbones intersect with regional and local networks, and backbone owners connect with one another  CANs: LANs operating within a single organization that leases Internet access directly from regional or national carrier Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-29
  • 31. Internet Network Architecture Figure 3.12, Page 145 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-31
  • 32. Internet Service Providers (ISPs)  Provide lowest level of service to individuals, small businesses, some institutions  Types of service  Narrowband (dial-up)  Broadband  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  Cable modem  T1 and T3  Satellite Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-32
  • 33. Intranets and Extranets  Intranet TCP/IP network located within a single organization for communications and processing  Extranet Formed when firms permit outsiders to access their internal TCP/IP networks Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-33
  • 35. Intranet  Benefits:  E - commerce  Customer service  Search & access data  Customize information  Share information  Enforce group decision making  Empower  Virtual organization  Share software  Managing data  Training
  • 36. Extranet Nhµ ph©n phèi Nhµ ph©n phèi Kh¸ch hµng
  • 38. Extranet - Benefits  Manufacturing cost reduction  Strength communication  Expanse business opportunities  East to exchange information among business partners
  • 39. Who Governs the Internet?  Organizations that influence the Internet and monitor its operations include:  Internet Architecture Board (IAB)  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)  Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)  Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)  Internet Society (ISOC)  World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)  International Telecommunications Union (ITU)  More information @ http://www.isoc.org/standards/ Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-39
  • 40. Insight on Society Government Regulation and Surveillance of the Internet Class Discussion  How is it possible for any government to “control” or censor the Web?  Does the Chinese government, or the U.S. government, have the right to censor content on the Web?  How should U.S. companies deal with governments that want to censor content?  What would happen to e-commerce if the existing Web split into a different Web for each country? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-40
  • 41. Fiber Optics and the Bandwidth Explosion in the First Mile  “First mile”: Backbone Internet services that carry bulk traffic over long distances  Older transmission lines being replaced with fiber- optic cable  Much of fiber-optic cable laid in United States is “dark”, but represents a vast digital highway that can be utilized in the future  Technology improvement has expanded capacity of existing fiber lines Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-41
  • 42. Optical Fiber Source: Adapted from Panko, Raymond, Business Data Communications and Networking (3 rd ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001, p. 278. 1-42
  • 44. The Last Mile: Mobile Wireless Internet Access  “Last mile”: From Internet backbone to user’s computer, cell phone, PDA, etc.  Two different basic types of wireless Internet access: 1. Telephone-based (mobile phones, smartphones) 2. Computer network-based Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-44
  • 45. Telephone-based Wireless Internet Access  Competing 3G standards  GSM: Used world-wide, AT&T, T-Mobile  CDMA: Used primarily in U.S.  Evolution:  2G cellular networks: relatively slow, circuit-switched  2.5G cellular networks: interim networks  3G cellular networks: next generation, packet-switched  3.5G (3G+)  4G (WiMax, LTE) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-45
  • 46. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)  Wi-Fi  High-speed, fixed broadband wireless LAN. Different versions for home and business market. Limited range.  WiMax  High-speed, medium range broadband wireless metropolitan area network  Bluetooth  Low-speed, short range connection  Ultra-Wideband (UWB)  Low power, short-range high bandwidth network  Zigbee  Bonus question?  Short-range, low-power wireless network technology for remotely controlling digital devices Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-46
  • 47. Wi-Fi Networks Figure 3.16, Page 163 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-47
  • 48. Benefits of Internet Technologies  IP multicasting:  Enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network  Latency solutions:  diffserv (differentiated quality of service)  Assigns different levels of priority to packets depending on type of data being transmitted  Guaranteed service levels and lower error rates  Ability to purchase the right to move data through network at guaranteed speed in return for higher fee  Declining costs Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-48
  • 49. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1-49
  • 50. Development of the Web  1989–1991: Web invented  Tim Berners-Lee at CERN  HTML, HTTP, Web server, Web browser  1993: Mosaic Web browser w/ GUI  Andreesen and others at NCSA  Runs on Windows, Macintosh, or Unix  1994: Netscape Navigator, first commercial Web browser  Andreessen, Jim Clark  1995: Microsoft Internet Explorer  The Browser wars begin! Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-50
  • 51. Hypertext  Text formatted with embedded links Links connect documents to one another, and to other objects such as sound, video, or animation files  Uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and URLs to locate resources on the Web  Example URL http://megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-51
  • 52. Markup Languages  Generalized Markup Language (GML) – 1960s  Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) –GML variation, 1986  Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)  Fixed set of pre-defined markup “tags” used to format text  Controls look and feel of Web pages  eXtensible Markup Language (XML)  New markup language specification developed by W3C  Designed to describe data and information  Tags used are defined by user Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-52
  • 53. Web Servers and Web Clients  Web server software:  Enables a computer to deliver Web pages to clients on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request  Apache and Microsoft IIS  Basic capabilities: Security services, FTP, search engine, data capture  Web server  Can refer to Web server software or physical server  Specialized servers: Database servers, ad servers, etc.  Web client:  Any computing device attached to the Internet that is capable of making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-53
  • 54. Web Browsers  Primary purpose to display Web pages  Internet Explorer and Firefox dominate the market  Other browsers include:  Netscape  Opera  Safari (for Apple)  Google Chrome Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-54
  • 55. The Internet and Web: Features  Internet and Web features on which the foundations of e-commerce are built include:  E-mail  Instant messaging  Search engines  Intelligent agents (bots)  Online forums and chat  Streaming media  Cookies Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-55
  • 56. E-mail  Most used application of the Internet  Uses series of protocols for transferring messages with text and attachments (images, sound, video clips, etc.,) from one Internet user to another Instant Messaging  Displays words typed on a computer almost instantly, and recipients can then respond immediately in the same way Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-56
  • 57. Search Engines  Identify Web pages that match queries based on one or more techniques  Keyword indexes, page ranking  Also serve as:  Shopping tools  Advertising vehicles (search engine marketing)  Tool within e-commerce sites  Outside of e-mail, most commonly used Internet activity Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-57
  • 58. How Google Works Figure 3.22, Page 179 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-58
  • 59. Intelligent Agents (Bots)  Software programs that gather and/or filter information on a specific topic and then provide a list of results  Search bot  Shopping bot  Web monitoring bot  News bot  Chatter bot Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-59
  • 60. Online Forums and Chat  Online forum:  AKA message board, bulletin board, discussion board, discussion group, board or forum  Web application that enables Internet users to communicate with each other, although not in real time  Members visit online forum to check for new posts  Online chat:  Similar to IM, but for multiple users  Typically, users log into chat room Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-60
  • 61. Streaming Media  Enables music, video and other large files to be sent to users in chunks so that when received and played, file comes through uninterrupted  Allows users to begin playing media files before file is fully downloaded Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-61
  • 62. Cookies  Small text files deposited by Web site on user’s computer to store information about user, accessed when user next visits Web site  Can help personalize Web site experience  Can pose privacy threat Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-62
  • 63. Web 2.0 Features and Services  Online Social Networks  Services that support communication among networks of friends, peers  Blogs  Personal Web page of chronological entries  Really Simple Syndication (RSS)  Program that allows users to have digital content automatically sent to their computers over the Internet Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-63
  • 64. Web 2.0 Features and Services  Podcasting  Audio presentation stored as an audio file and available for download from Web  Wikis  Allows user to easily add and edit content on Web page  Music and video services  Online video viewing  Digital video on demand Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-64
  • 65. Web 2.0 Features and Services  Internet telephony (VOIP)  Uses Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) and Internet’s packet-switched network to transmit voice and other forms of audio communication over the Internet  Internet television (IPTV)  Telepresence and video conferencing Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-65
  • 66. Web 2.0 Features and Services  Online software and Web services Web apps, widgets and gadgets Digital software libraries, ASPs, distributed storage  M-commerce applications Beginning to take off Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-66
  • 67. Insight on Technology Apps for Everything: The App Ecosystem Class Discussion  What are apps and why are they so popular?  Do you use any apps regularly? Which ones, and what are their functions?  What are the benefits of apps? The weaknesses?  Are there any benefits/disadvantages to the proprietary nature of the Apple platform? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-67
  • 68. Web features  Interactivity  Flexibility  Personalization  Instantaneous  Economical  Privacy Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 3-68
  • 69. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.   Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.