Introduction to LATEX Basics

1. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References The LATEX Document Preparation System Vijay Ukani, Computer Science and Engineering Department Nirma University, Ahmedabad September 20, 2014 Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

2. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References 1 Motivation 2 Basics Commands Document Structure Running LATEX 3 Controlling Appearance Making Lists Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes 4 Adding Structure Sections Tables, Figures and Equations 5 BIBTEX Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

3. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References What is TEXand LATEX? TEX typesetting system developed by DONALD E. KNUTH (Stanford University) to create beautiful documents, especially those containing maths. TEX is free software focusing more upon formatting. LATEX LATEX is a set of macros built on top of TEX. TEX-macroprocessor is written by LESLIE LAMPORT, which implements a markup-language. Allows users to concentrate on the content of the document rather than on formatting. Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

4. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References What is LATEX? pronounced as Lah-tek, or Lay-tek a typesetting program, not a word-processor macros of TeX (Donald E. Knuth) current version LATEX2" designed for producing beautiful Books, Thesis, Papers, Articles... de facto standard for writing academic papers Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

5. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Why LATEX? platform, version independent (Unix, Windows), freely available High quality math typesetting Only a few commands to de

6. ne the structure of text, no knowledge of typography or book design required Complex scienti

7. c documents can be created automatically including: bibliography index, glossaries crossreferences table of contents, lists of

8. gures, tables etc. . . . used widely in scienti

9. c world and required for most conference or journal submissions allows you to think about content than format Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

10. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Limitations of LATEX learning curve LATEX is not WYSIWYG you have to compile your

11. les before you can see the changes. Rather it is WYMIWYG (What You Mean is What You Get) If you are trying to produce a document for which there is no pre-de

12. ned layout, it requires a fair bit of knowledge to design a new layout You cannot easily exchange LATEX

13. les with colleagues who are unfamiliar with it Un exible formatting (dicult to change position of

14. gures) Requires compilation Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

15. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Word and LATEXcomparison Figure: Word and LATEXcomparison1 1Source: http://www.pinteric.com/miktex.html Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

16. Word and LATEX comparison Figure: Word and LATEX comparison2 2Source: http://www.zinktypogra

17. e.nl/latex.php?lang=en

18. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Word and LATEX comparison Plus points of LATEX Speed Security Separation of contents from formatting Control Flexibility Interoperable . . . Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

19. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Word and LATEX comparison Plus points of Word Grammar Checker Lesser time for smaller documents WYSIWYG Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

20. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Where to get LATEX? Windows MikTeX, The LATEXCompiler http://www.miktex.de/ LATEXEditors WinEdt (Share ware) LATEXEditor, LEd, a free LaTeX editor TexNIC center, a free LaTeX editor WinShell, SciTE (Open Source) Notepad, wordpad or any other text editor can be used Linux TeXLive/teTex, available with most Linux distros Kile, a free LaTeX editor gedit with LATEXplugin Online LATEX https://www.writelatex.com/edu https://www.sharelatex.com/ Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

21. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Outline 1 Motivation 2 Basics Commands Document Structure Running LATEX 3 Controlling Appearance Making Lists Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes 4 Adding Structure Sections Tables, Figures and Equations 5 BIBTEX Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

22. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Commands LATEX commands acommand anothercommand{argument} yetanothercommand[options]{argument} % a comment. I can say what I like here! Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

23. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Document Structure Overall structure of a LATEX document: documentclass[...]{...} % preamble ... begin{document} % body of the document ... end{document} Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

24. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Document Structure The preamble: documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} % the next line is only needed if you plan % to embed a PostScript figure in the text usepackage{graphics} title{A LaTeX File} author{Vijay Ukani} % date{if you are unhappy with the default} Document classes: article, report, book, beamer, userde

25. nedclass and options: 10pt, 11pt, twocolumn, a4paper, a5paper . . . Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

26. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Document Structure The body: begin{document} maketitle section{Introduction} Some text... section{The Middle} Some more ... section{Conclusion} The final part end{document} Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

27. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Running LATEX Running and Viewing LATEX Start WinEdt or any of your favorite TEX editor Create a new .tex

28. le Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

30. le Prepare your latex

31. le as per previous slide Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

34. le as per previous slide Prepare Bibliography, if any Use BibTex to process Bibliography Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

37. le as per previous slide Prepare Bibliography, if any Use BibTex to process Bibliography Compile your document with LaTeX

38. lename.tex command on DOS prompt or click TEX button in the menubar Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

42. lename.tex command on DOS prompt or click TEX button in the menubar View the dvi output Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

46. lename.tex command on DOS prompt or click TEX button in the menubar View the dvi output To get pdf output, the command is pd atex

47. lename.tex View the pdf output Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

59. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Making Lists Numbered Lists List of Metros in India begin{enumerate} item Delhi pause item Mumbai pause item Kolkata pause item Chennai end{enumerate} Looks like:- List of Metros in India 1 Delhi 2 Mumbai Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

60. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Making Lists Numbered Lists List of Metros in India begin{enumerate} item Delhi pause item Mumbai pause item Kolkata pause item Chennai end{enumerate} Looks like:- List of Metros in India 1 Delhi 2 Mumbai 3 Kolkata Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

61. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Making Lists Numbered Lists List of Metros in India begin{enumerate} item Delhi pause item Mumbai pause item Kolkata pause item Chennai end{enumerate} Looks like:- List of Metros in India 1 Delhi 2 Mumbai 3 Kolkata 4 Chennai Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

62. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Making Lists Numbered Lists List of Metros in India begin{enumerate} item Delhi pause item Mumbai pause item Kolkata pause item Chennai end{enumerate} Looks like:- List of Metros in India 1 Delhi 2 Mumbai 3 Kolkata 4 Chennai Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

63. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Making Lists Bullet Point Lists List of Metros in India begin{itemize} item Delhi item Mumbai item Kolkata item Chennai end{itemize} Looks like:- List of Metros in India Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

64. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Making Lists Desciption Lists Game Description begin{description} item[Cricket] Favorite Game in Asian Countries item[Football] Famous Game in European Countries end{description} Looks like:- Game Description Cricket Favorite Game in Asian Countries Football Famous Game in European Countries Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

65. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes Basic Text Formatting and newline forces new lines newpage force new page * start new line without new paragraph mbox{text} and fbox{} keeps several words on same line ldots puts several dots like etc.... smallskip, bigskip and vspace skips vertical space hspace skips horizontal space Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

66. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes Alignment Environments center, flushleft, and flushright, aligns the text accordingly. For example, the begin{center}Centered Textend{center} environment centers the text. Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

67. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes Font Sizes tiny Text scriptsize Text footnotesize Text small Text large Text Large Text LARGE Text huge Text HugeText Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

68. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes Changing Fonts {bf bold text} bold text {it italics} italics {sf sans serif} sans serif {tt monospaced typewriter} monospaced typewriter {tiny tiny text} tiny text {large large text} large text Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

69. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Fonts, Symbols, quotations and footnotes Symbols, quote marks and footnotes $ rightarrow $ ! $sum$ P 'o o o o begin{quote} LaTeX The best possible documentation system. end{quote} So the quote in amongst text looks like: LATEX The best possible documentation system. Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

71. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Sections Sectioning Commands -part{} -chapter{} -section -subsection{} -subsubsection{} -paragraph -subparagraph Each of the above has an unnumbered starred form (Ex. section*{}) Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

72. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Sections Labels and References At almost any point in the document you can place a label using label{key}, where the argument is a key, a short one word description of the location. You can refer to this label by section and page number using ref{key} and pageref{key}, respectively. section{Experiments} label{Exp} However this contains... subsection{Experiment A} which contains... section{Discussion} Look at section ref{Exp} for more details. section{Conclusion} Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

73. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Tables begin{table}[!h] %tbp label{latextable} begin{center} begin{tabular}{|l||r|} hlinehline Number of students 450 hline Location time NIM Audi 11am hline end{tabular} caption{LaTeX course} end{center} end{table} Number of students 450 Location time NIM Audi 11am Table: LATEX course Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

74. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Including Pictures begin{figure}[!h] begin{center} %rotatebox{270} {{includegraphics{poweredby.png}}} caption{Powered by Red Hat} end{center} end{figure} Figure: Powered by Red Hat Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

75. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Equations There are two basic methods of typesetting math, inline which occurs inside of a sentence: a = b + c , and displayed, which occurs centered between paragraphs To typeset material in inline mode, surround it with dollar signs: $...$ $sum_{n_{jw} in N_{w}} frac{n_{jw}}{log(pi^2)}$ gPives njw2Nw njw log(2) Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

76. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Equations begin{equation} sum_{n_{jw} in N_{w}} frac{n_{jw}}{log(pi^2)} label{foo} end{equation} gets: X njw2Nw njw log(2) (1) or [sum_{n_{jw} in N_{w}} frac{n_{jw}}{log(pi^2)}] gets: X njw2Nw njw log(2) Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

77. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Basic Math Building Blocks Sub/superscripts are produced with _ and ^. For example, $p_2$ gives p2 $x^y$ gives xy $frac{5}{8}$ yields a 5 8 $sqrt{x}$ gives p x $sqrt[3]x$ gives 3 p [x] Lowercase Greek Letters are spelled as macro ex. $delta$ gives and $Omega$ yielding Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

78. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations How would you typeset? y = z p x2 + w2 2 = xp+y2 x p n+1 a 00 xy Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

79. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Solutions to Exercise $y=sqrt[z]{x^2+w_2^2}$ $sigma=frac{Omega^{x}+y_2}{sqrt{x}}$ $sqrt[n+1]{a}$ $tau_{xy}''$ Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

80. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Integrals and Summations $int_0^infty x,dx $ gives Z 1 0 x dx $left(frac{int_0^l x,dx}{Delta x}right)$ gives R l 0 x dx x ! Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

81. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations How would you typeset? 1 + 1 1x2 3 (n) = Pn k=2 h (k) k1 i x = xmax xmin A = R 0 r 2 dr Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

82. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Solutions to Exercise $1+left(frac{1}{1-x^2}right)^3$ $pi(n)=sum_{k=2}^{n}left[frac{phi(k)}{k-1}right]$ $Delta x=x_{mathrm{max}}-x_{mathrm{min}}$ $A=int_0^pi r^2,dr$ Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

83. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Use Word to produce z 5050 }| { 1 + 2 + + 100 Y2 4 b 1 3 a Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

84. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Use Word to produce z 5050 }| { 1 + 2 + + 100 Y2 4 b 1 3 a Can easily be done with $ overbrace{1 + 2 + cdots + 100}^{5050} $ Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

85. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Tables, Figures and Equations Use Word to produce z 5050 }| { 1 + 2 + + 100 Y2 4 b 1 3 a Can easily be done with $ overbrace{1 + 2 + cdots + 100}^{5050} $ $ sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}prod_a^b $ Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

88. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Citations and Bibliography Using BIBTEX store your references in a .bib

89. le in the speci

90. ed format: @BOOK{Lamport, Title = {{LaTeX}: A Document Preparation System}, AUTHOR = {Lamport, Leslie}, PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley}, ADDRESS = {Reading, Massachusetts}, YEAR = {1994}, Keywords = {Latex documentation} } Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

91. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Using your bib

92. le 1 include the package needed for the style e.g. plain, IEEEtr, acm, apa . . . usepackage{plain} % before begin{document} ... begin{document} 2 cite references using cite{Lamport} 3 specify the style bibliographystyle{plain} % before bibliography{} cmd 4 specify the bibliography

93. le in your document where you want it to appear bibliography{my} Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

94. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Running LATEXwith BIBTEX use BIBTEXto compile .bib

95. le compile .tex

96. le twice view the pdf You end up with an output

97. le which including the bibliography: [1] Leslie Lamport. LaTeX: A Document Preparation System. Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, 1994. Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

98. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Common Mistakes Misspelled command or environment names Missing or improperly nested end statements Improperly matched { and }. They should always come in pairs Missing command arguments A missing $ Using one of the special LATEX characters such as # Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

99. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References [1] Leslie Lamport. LaTeX: A Document Preparation System. Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, second edition, 1994. Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

100. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References In case of any queries/help, mail@ vijay.ukani@nirmauni.ac.in Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

101. Motivation Basics Controlling Appearance Adding Structure BIBTEX References Vijay Ukani Nirma University, Ahmedabad Introduction to LATEX

Introduction to LATEX Basics

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