Advantages and disadvantages of the conventional power resourcec

1. ET/2015/012
ET/2015/028
ET/2015/035
Conventional & Alternative
Energy Plants
Group Members:

2. PAGE 1
HYDROPOWER
Hydropower or water power is power derived from the energy of falling water or
fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. Since ancient times,
hydropower from many kinds of watermills has been used as a renewable energy source
for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such
as gristmills, sawmills, textile mills, trip hammers, dock cranes, domestic lifts,
and ore mills. A trompe, which produces compressed air from falling water, is sometimes
used to power other machinery at a distance.
In the late 19th century, hydropower became a source for generating electricity.
ADVANTAGES:
1. No fuel required.
Water is the source of energy. Hence operating costs are low. And there are no
problems like the handling of the fuel, storage of the fuel, disposal of the ash like
power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.
2. Renewable power source
The energy generated through hydropower relies on the water cycle, which is
driven by the sun.
3. Creates reservoirs that offer a variety of recreational opportunities
Notably fishing, swimming, and boating. Most water power installations are
required to provide some public access to the reservoir to allow the public to take
advantage of these opportunities.
4. Sustainable fuel source
Hydropower efforts produce a number of benefits, such as flood control,
irrigation, and water supply.
5. Located in remote areas
Usually located in remote areas where land is available at cheaper rates.
6. Flexible
As previously mentioned, adjusting water flow and output of electricity is easy.
At times where power consumption is low, water flow is reduced and the
magazine levels are being conserved for times when the power consumption is
high.
7. Safe
Compared to among others fossil fuels and nuclear energy, hydroelectricity is
much safer. There is no fuel involved (other than water that is).

3. PAGE 2
DISADVANTAGES
1. Fish populations can be impacted
If fish cannot migrate upstream past impoundment dams to spawning grounds or i
f they cannot migrate downstream to the ocean.
Upstream fish passage can be aided using fish ladders or elevators, or by trapping
and hauling the fish upstream by truck. Downstream fish passage is aided by
diverting fish from turbine
intakes using screens or racks or even underwater lights
and sounds, and by maintaining a minimum spill flow past the turbine.
2. Hydropower can impact water quality and flow
Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved oxygen levels in the water, a problem
that is harmful to riparian (riverbank) habitats and
is addressed using various aeration techniques, which oxygenate the water. Maint
aining minimum flows of water downstream of a hydropower installation is also c
ritical for the survival of riparian habitats.
Hydropower plants can be impacted by drought.
3. Availability
Hydropower plants can be impacted by drought.
When water is not available, the hydropower plants can't produce electricity.
4. Expensive
Building power plants in general is expensive. Hydroelectric power plants are not
an exception to this. On the other hand, these plants do not require a lot of
workers and maintenance costs are usually low
5. Impact the local environment
New hydropower facilities impact the local environment and may compete with ot
her uses for the land. Those alternative uses may be more highly valued than elect
ricity generation. Humans, flora, and fauna may lose their natural habitat.
6. The huge area is required.
Hydroelectric power plant reservoir submerges huge areas, uproots large
population and creates social and other problems.
7. Limited Reservoirs
We have already started using up suitable reservoirs for hydroelectric power
plants.

4. PAGE 3
COAL POWER PLANT
Coal fired power plants are a type of power plant that make use of
the combustion of coal in order to generate electricity. Coal, which is readily available
in most of the developing and developed world, has been used as a major source of fuel
even in ancient human civilizations. It also found its use in historic steam engines at
the dawn of the industrial revolution.
ADVANTAGES
1. Used extensively in power generation
Coal has been used extensively in power generation where better technology is
employed to ensure that there is a balance between ecology and economics in
producing sustainable and affordable energy.
2. It is available in an abundant supply.
Industrialized countries, including the United States, India, China, and Russia, have
a large amount of coal that is available to them. Some estimates have the US
holding enough coal that has already been mined to fuel current resources for the
next 400 years. That means we have access to this fuel in abundance, allowing
societies to focus on other infrastructure needs.
3. It has a high load factor.
Using coal as a fuel provides a society with the potential for continuous power.
Many infrastructures are specifically designed to use coal, offering a good
utilization rate for this fossil fuel. It also provides a high load factor, giving us
access to an efficient and predictable level of energy through combustion. That’s
predictability isn’t something that other fuel resources can currently provide with
current technologies.
4. Coal offers a rather low capital investment.
Many of our fuel and power generation technologies are already designed to use
coal. This limits the amount of a capital investment which is required to create a
new societal resource, especially when compared to nuclear or renewable energy
resources.
5. Carbon capture and storage technologies can reduce potential emissions.
Safe capture and storage of carbon dioxide, referred to as CCS, is a technology that
would capture and store the carbon dioxide that is produced by combusting this
fossil fuel. Scrubbers and filters can also capture the CO2 before it is able to get into
the atmosphere. This limits the amount of potential global warming that would be
triggered by an increase in coal use.

5. PAGE 4
6. It can be converted into different formats.
Coal can be converted into a gaseous state or into a liquid and still be used as if it
were refined or raw. The conversion to a liquid or a gas creates a fuel that burns
cleaner as well, which limits the production of ash and other by products that are
created by the combustion process.
7. Coal can be used with renewables to reduce emissions.
Biomass technologies can be incorporated into existing coal facilities, allowing for a
dual fuel source in the same power plant. This allows for coal to be used, but in
lesser amounts, and that can help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and ash
that gets produced from the burning process. This allows coal, which is a mature
industry, to maintain its economic impact without fully compromising it while
environmental protections can also be implemented.
8. It is a full-time energy resource.
Unlike solar or win, you can burn coal 24/7 to produce energy. This means it is a
reliable power source that offers predictability for a modern society. There is no
need to counter intermittence as there is with other power technologies that are
being developed right now.
9. The global reserves for coal are estimated to be quite large.
The current global reserve for coal is estimated to be about 1 trillion tons. This
means we have another 200 years of coal usage at current consumption levels above
and beyond what our current stockpiles can currently provide. It is a potential
energy resource that can help to develop the developing world, potentially
improving the livelihoods of some of the world’s poorest populations.
DISADVANTAGES
1. It is not a renewable resource.
At some point, if we are continuously using coal for our power and energy needs,
it will eventually become depleted. As a fossil fuel, there is a finite supply. We
may have centuries of stockpiles available in some regions, but at some point,
there must be a backup plan in place that can be implemented.
2. Coal contains a high level of carbon dioxide
Scientists believe that one of the greatest contributors to global warming is carbon
dioxide that is manually produced. When comparing all forms of energy and
power production that we use today, coal contains the most carbon dioxide for
every BTU that is produced. According to the EIA, coal with a carbon content of
78% and a heating value of 14,000 BTU would produce about 204.3 pounds of
CO2 per 1 million BTU.

6. PAGE 5
3. Coal power can create high levels of radiation.
A by-product of burning coal for power, called “coal ash,” produces radiation.
This ash then settles around the surrounding areas of the coal plant. According to
Scientific American, a coal power plant can produce up to 100 times more
radiation than a nuclear power plant. Coal combustion can also produce mercury,
nitrous oxide, heavy metals, and other potential environmental dangers.
4. Coal emissions are linked to health concerns.
People who are exposed to coal and its emissions have an increased risk of
experiencing asthma and other air passageway inflammation conditions.
Breathing in coal dust or ash is also known to be a cause for lung cancer
development over time. A coal mining disease called “Black Lung” can impact
total lung capacity, is incurable, and is often fatal. People with Black Lung
literally die of suffocation.
5. Even clean coal still has high levels of methane.
Even with the best CCS technologies in place, clean coal still produces carbon
dioxide and other environmental contaminants. CCS technologies do not address
methane either. Although methane dissipates in the atmosphere rather quickly, it
can sink to the bottom of the sea and impact our oceans and marine life for an
indeterminate period of time.
6. Coal mines cause relocation and destruction.
Many coal mines use an open-cast method, which causes local animal habitats to
be destroyed. Green spaces, waterways, and other spaces are impacted by coal
pollution, which can eliminate fields and forests with fast devastation. Fires
connected to coal mining create underground burning that can be difficult to
remove. Established communities sometimes need to move to avoid the pollution
of the coal mines as well, displacing people from their homes.
7. Air pollution
The burning of coal releases many pollutants - oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
and sulfur (SOx) - and particulate matter. They also emit greenhouse gases, such
as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), which are known to contribute
to global warming and climate change. To help stunt the emission of these, power
plants require technology to reduce the output of these harmful molecules.
8. Water Use/Pollution
Large quantities of water are often needed to remove impurities from coal, in the
process is known as coal washing. For instance, in China, around one-fifth of the
water used in the coal industry is used for this process. This process helps

7. PAGE 6
reduce air pollution, as it eliminates around 50% of the ash content in the coal.
This results in less sulfur dioxide (SOx) being produced, along with less carbon
dioxide (CO2) due to higher thermal efficiencies.
When power plants remove water from the environment, fish and other aquatic
life can be affected, along with animals relying on these sources. Pollutants also
build up in the water that power plants use, so if this water is discharged back into
the environment it can potentially harm wildlife there.
The discharge of water from the power plants and coal washing requires
monitoring and regulation. Visit the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) for more information on this.
9. Reliability
10. Affordability
11. Abundance
12. Known technologies
13. Safety
14. Efficiency.
OIL-FIRED PLANT
Power plants that burn oil to produce electricity are called oil-fired plants. They
are no different in general principle and operation from their fossil-fuelled cousins, the
coal-fired and natural gas-fired plants, and are even similar to geothermal and nuclear
power plants in some respects.
Heavy fuel oil was once a significant source of energy for electric power
generation. After oil price increases of the 1970's, oil was displaced by coal and later
natural gas. Distillate oil is still important as the fuel source for diesel engine power plants
used especially in isolated communities not interconnected to a grid. Liquid fuels may also
be used by gas turbine power plants, especially for peaking or emergency service. Of the
three fossil fuel sources, oil has the advantages of easier transportation and handling than
solid coal, and easier on-site storage than natural gas.

8. PAGE 7
ADVANTAGES
1. Oil energy is the foundation of renewable energy.
Solar and wind products are created because of oil energy technologies. Although
there is a fossil fuel investment into these energy resources, solar and wind reduce
the overall consumption effect on emissions because the fuel isn’t being constantly
burned to produce energy. Most renewable energy products created by oil energy
become carbon-neutral in 5 years or less
2. It is reliable.
Reliability for oil energy comes through availability and consumption. When oil is
processed, refined, or used, there is a predictable outcome that occurs. We know
what oil can do and it provides that result consistently. Its availability has been
predictable for the last century as well with natural reserves that exist. Pricing has
been variable, but because of artificial limitations on supply and demand.
3. It can produce a large amount of energy.
Petroleum is a highly dense fuel source. In fact, just one kilogram of it can release
around 10,000 kilocalories when burned. This means that it doesn’t require a lot of
petroleum to generate enough energy to power vehicles and machines
4. Oil energy is a commodity.
Because oil energy is a commodity, it can become an investment vehicle.
Retirement programs, private investors, and other savings resources can invest into
oil energy and build wealth for others. It isn’t just the companies and governments
that can profit from oil energy, but there must be enough money available to make
an investment for individuals to get involved.
5. Oil energy is cheap.
Because there is more than a century of innovation behind this technology, we can
produce cheap energy through the consumption of oil. Our infrastructures are based
on this technology as well, which means we can transport oil over long distances to
provide modern energy needs to extremely rural and isolated areas. That means
almost everyone can benefit from this technology
6.Easily combustible
Produces high energy upon combustion helping in locomotion and in the generation
of electricity and various other forms of energy.
6. Good availability
Widely and easily distributed all over the world through rail and sea tankers Very
large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place using oil, fairly cheaply.

9. PAGE 8
7. It encourages economies to continue growing.
The oil energy helps to create plastics. It helps farmers run their equipment to plant
and harvest crops. Up to 10% of crude oil is refined into raw materials that are used
for the chemical industry. Dues, shampoos, and even shaving cream is produced
through oil energy. Even bandages are created through oil energy. By making it
available and affordable, we can keep economies growing because millions of jobs
are indirectly linked to this industry.
8. Its technology and infrastructure are already in place.
Since petroleum has been widely used over the years, the technology for obtaining it
has been almost perfected. As a result, people can now extract petroleum even in
places that are difficult to reach, such as beneath the surface of the ocean and areas
with extreme climates. The infrastructure for transporting and storing this fuel is
also in place, which means that there’s no need to develop new systems to ensure it
reaches consumers
9. Inexpensive
DISADVANTAGES
1. Emission of Greenhouse Gases.
This has been the biggest threat to using oil energy. After combustion, oil releases
gases such as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. These gases are
very harmful to the ozone layer as their accumulation encourages its deterioration.
Continued destroying of the ozone layer ultimately leads to global warming. This
occurrence can be very harmful to your survival on the earth. All countries in the
world have made many treaties, but they have yielded limited results due to the
high demand for the commodity.
2. It can cause health hazards when consumed at high levels.
Combustion is the most common form of consumption for oil energy. To create
that combustion, we use plants, engines, and other technologies that will ignite the
oil or refined oil product so that we can obtain the energy we need. A side-effect
of that combustion process is the creation of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide,
both of which have an ill-effect on human health. In a high enough dose, these
two substances can even be life-threatening.
3. It can lead to environmental pollution.
Extracting and refining pollution produces a substantial amount of toxic materials.
If these are improperly disposed, they can leach into the ground and spread

10. PAGE 9
harmful chemicals that can pollute rivers and streams and kill animals. Burning
petroleum also emits high amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases, which can
pollute the air, contribute to the greenhouse effect, and lead to global warming.
4. Difficult to recycle.
5. Sola power plant
Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a
combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking
systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells
convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effects.
ADVANTAGES
1. Slow /stop global warming.
Global warming threatens the survival of human society, as well as the survival of
countless species. Luckily, decades (or even centuries) of research have led to efficient
solar panel systems that create electricity without producing global warming
pollution. Solar power is now very clearly one of the most important solutions to the
global warming crisis.
2. Solar power saves society billions or trillions of dollars.
Even long before society’s very existence is threatened by global warming, within
the coming decades, global warming is projected to cost society trillions of dollars
if left unabated. So, even ignoring the very long-term threat of societal suicide,
fighting global warming with solar power will likely save society billions or even
trillions of dollars.
3. Solar power provides energy reliability.
The rising and setting of the sun is extremely consistent. All across the
world, we know exactly when it will rise and set every day of the year.
While clouds may be a bit less predictable, we do also have fairly good
seasonal and daily projections for the amount of sunlight that will be
received in different locations. All in all, this makes solar power an
extremely reliable source of energy.

11. PAGE 10
4. Solar power provides energy security.
On top of the above reliability benefit, no one can go and buy the sun or
turn sunlight into a monopoly. Combined with the simplicity of solar
panels, this also provides the notable solar power advantage of energy
security, something the US military has pointed out for years, and a major
reason why it is also putting a lot of its money into the development and
installation of solar power systems.
5. Solar power is pollution free and causes no greenhouse gases to be emitted after
installation
6. Reduced dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels
7. Renewable clean power that is available every day of the year, even cloudy days
produce some power
8. Return on investment unlike paying for utility bills
9. Virtually no maintenance as solar panels last over 30 years
10. Creates jobs by employing solar panel manufacturers, solar installers, etc. and in
turn helps the economy
11. Excess power can be sold back to the power company if grid intertied
12. Ability to live grid free if all power generated provides enough for the home /
building
13. Can be installed virtually anywhere; in a field to on a building
14. Use batteries to store extra power for use at night
15. Solar can be used to heat water, power homes and building, even power cars
16. Safer than traditional electric current
17. Efficiency is always improving so the same size solar that is available today will
become more efficient tomorrow
18. Aesthetics are improving making the solar more versatile compared to older
models; i.e. printing, flexible, solar shingles, etc.
19. Federal grants, tax incentives, and rebate programs are available to help with
initial costs
DISADVANTAGES
1. High initial costs for material and installation and long ROI
2. Needs lots of space as efficiency is not 100% yet
3. No solar power at night so there is a need for a large battery bank
4. Devices that run on DC power directly are more expensive
5. Depending on geographical location the size of the solar panels vary for the same
power generation
6. Cloudy days do not produce much energy

12. PAGE 11
7. Solar panels are not being massed produced due to lack of material and
technology to lower the cost enough to be more affordable
8. Solar powered cars do not have the same speeds and power as typical gas
powered cars
9. Lower production in the winter months
Wind power plant
Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to provide the mechanical
power to turn electric generators and traditionally to do other work, like milling or
pumping. Wind power, as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable,
widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation,
consumes no water, and uses little land. The net effects on the environment are far less
problematic than those of fossil fuel sources.
Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to
the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric
power, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Offshore wind
is steadier and stronger than on land and offshore farms have less visual impact, but
construction and maintenance costs are considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can
feed some energy into the grid or provide electric power to isolated off-grid locations.
ADVANTAGES
1. Wind energy is renewable and sustainable
Wind energy itself is both renewable and sustainable. The wind will never run out, unlike
reserves of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and gas.) This makes it a good choice of energy
for a sustainable power supply.
2. It’s also environmentally friendly
Wind energy is one of the most environmentally friendly energy sources available today.
This is based on the simple reason that wind turbines don’t create pollution when
generating electricity.
Most non-renewable energy sources need to be burnt. This process releases gases such as
carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. These gases are known to
contribute to climate change. In contrast, wind turbines produce no greenhouse gases
when generating electricity.

13. PAGE 12
We should note that both noise and visual pollution are environmental disadvantages of
wind turbines. However, these factors don’t have a negative impact on the earth, water
table or the quality of the air we breathe.
3. It can reduce fossil fuel consumption
Generating electricity from wind energy reduces the need to burn fossil fuel alternatives
such as coal, oil, and gas. This can help to conserve dwindling supplies of the earth’s
natural resources. As a result, they will last longer and help to support future generations.
4. Wind energy is free
Unlike most non-renewable energy sources, wind energy is completely free. Anyone can
make use of the wind and it will never run out. This makes wind energy a viable option
for generating cheap electricity.
5. It has a small footprint
Wind turbines have a relatively small land footprint. Although they can tower high above
the ground, the impact on the land at the base is minimal. Wind turbines are often
constructed in fields, on hills or out at sea. At these locations, they pose hardly any
inconvenience to the surrounding land. Farmers can still farm their fields, livestock can
still graze the hills and fishermen can still fish the sea.
6. Wind energy can provide power for remote locations
Wind turbines can play a key role in helping to bring power to remote locations. This can
help to benefit everything from small off-grid villages to remote research facilities. It
might be impractical or too expensive to hook such locations up to traditional electricity
supplies. In these cases, wind turbines could have the answer.
7. Wind technology is becoming cheaper
The first-ever wind turbine started generating electricity in 1888. Since then, they have
become more efficient and have come down in price. As a result of this, wind power is
becoming much more accessible.
8. Low Maintenance
Wind turbines are fairly low in maintenance. A new wind turbine can last a long time
prior to it requiring any maintenance. Although older turbines can come up against
reliability issues, technological advancements are helping to improve overall reliability

14. PAGE 13
DISADVANTAGES
1. The wind fluctuates
Wind energy has a similar drawback to solar energy in that it is not constant. Although
wind energy is sustainable and will never run out, the wind isn’t always blowing. This
can cause serious problems for wind farm developers. They will often spend a significant
amount of time and money investigating whether a particular site is suitable for wind
power.
For a wind turbine to be efficient, it needs to have an adequate supply of wind energy.
For this reason, we often find wind turbines on top of hills or out at sea. In these
locations, there are fewer land obstacles to reduce the force of the wind.
2. Installation is expensive
Although costs are reducing over time, wind turbines are still expensive. First, an
engineer must carry out a site survey. This may involve having to erect a sample turbine
to measure wind speeds over a period of time. If deemed adequate, a wind turbine then
needs to be manufactured, transported and erected on top of a pre-built foundation. All of
these processes contribute to the overall cost of installing wind turbines.
When we take the above into account for offshore wind farms, the costs become much
greater. Installing structures out at sea is far more complex than on land. Some companies
have even commissioned bespoke ships capable of transporting and installing wind
turbines at sea.
3. Wind turbines pose a threat to wildlife
We often hear that wind turbines pose a threat to wildlife – primarily birds and bats.
However, researchers now believe that they pose less of a threat to wildlife than other
manmade structures. Installations such as cell phone masts and radio towers are far more
dangerous to birds than wind turbines. Nevertheless, wind turbines still contribute to
mortality rates among bird and bat populations.
4. Wind turbines create noise pollution
One of the most common disadvantages of wind turbines is the noise pollution they
generate. You can often hear a single wind turbine from hundreds of meters away.
Combine multiple wind turbines with the right wind direction and the audible effects can
be much greater. This issue is one of the biggest impacts of wind energy.
Noise pollution from wind turbines has ruined the lives of many homeowners. Although
steps are often taken to install them away from dwellings, they do sometimes get built too

15. PAGE 14
close to where people live. This is why new wind farms often come up against strong
public objection.
5. They also create visual pollution
Another common drawback of wind turbines is the visual pollution they create. Although
many people actually like the look of wind turbines, others don’t. These people see them
as a blot on the landscape. This, however, tends to come down to personal opinion. As we
build more wind farms, public acceptance is becoming more common.
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is
a nuclear reactor. As it is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam
that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity.
ADVANTAGES
1. High efficiency level
One characteristic of nuclear energy is its higher efficiency level over other energy
sources such as fossil fuels. This is due to the high density of the energy produced by
nuclear power plants. Moreover, less fuel is required to process nuclear energy as
opposed to processing oil and coal.
2. Abundant supply
Uranium is the significant element in the process of nuclear fission and with the world
having enough supply to last for 70 to 80 years, depletion is never a problem. Also, since
nuclear plants are capable of meeting the demands for energy without interruption for at
least a year so long as no maintenance work is required, this type of energy source is
ideal.
3. Environment-friendly
Carbon emitted in the air from various sources result to pollution and aggravates global
warming. Unlike coal and natural gas that are pollutants, nuclear energy does not release
carbon dioxide and is cleaner. Moreover, it has lower greenhouse emissions.
4. Low maintenance
Investing in nuclear power plants to produce energy since these plants do not need
regular maintenance as well as operation can last between 40-60 years. Consequently,
there is no need to shut down the plants any time soon once they have been built. Also,
with the abundant supply of Uranium, there is an assurance of sufficient supply even if
demands increase.

16. PAGE 15
DISADVANTAGES
1. Harmful
Although the process of producing nuclear energy has lesser greenhouse gas emissions, it
has an increasing number of nuclear reactors which puts the health and safety of the
people living near the vicinity in line. During the 1970s, the core of one of the reactors
was damaged while in Ohio, an accident almost occurred during inspection and was said
to have been a result of poor maintenance. Also, Plutonium, which is produced when
used fuel is re-processed, is important in creating bombs. If this gets stolen by bad
people, it can result to death and destruction.
2. Expensive
Despite the low maintenance costs of nuclear power plants, a substantial amount of
investment is needed to build these plants. In fact, around $2 billion dollars is needed to
build a 1,000-megawatt power plant and time table can take up to five years.
3. Nuclear waste disposal issues
One of the major setbacks of nuclear power plants is the lack of long-term waste disposal
facilities. Wastes are stored on the grounds of these power plants and sooner or later,
there will be no space left to contain these nuclear wastes.
4. Leak potential
Accidents can happen despite the safety systems applied to nuclear reactors. If leaks
happen, the radioactive by-product of nuclear energy is toxic and can cause burns, cancer,
blood diseases and bone decay.
The use of nuclear energy to produce electricity has its advantages and disadvantages.
This is why it is essential for the leaders to continuously monitor the effects of this
energy source on the environment and the people.

17. PAGE 16
Can we accept the plane to introducing a nuclear power plant in
Sampur ?
Countries like Sri Lanka should have a good mix of energy sources of energy,
Instead of having one resource. Although there are so many advantages of building a new
nuclear power plant in Sri Lanka, our opinion is its not suitable to build it in Sampur.
There are some reasons for that,
 The waste produced by a nuclear power plant will remain radioactive–
hazardous. Sri
Lanka is a small country. So the environmental and health hazardous that
was made by the waste provide by the plant, may affect too many areas of
the country.
 And also there are some large accidents can be set in the nuclear power
plants. So the countries that have nuclear power plant are situated in the
areas which have less population. But Sri Lanka is a small country and also
the Sampur is not a large unmanned area. So if there is any explosion it’s a
large threat to the human an animal in the area and in the whole country.
 As well as the discharge channel if the nuclear power plant is the sea. Sri
Lanka is an island and mist of the country depends on the Sea. If there is a
nuclear power plant set up in Sampur, the temperature of the marine area
around it will be high because of the waste water. It’s harmful to the aquatic
life also to the human. So it’s not suitable.
 One of the other reasons to say that it’s not suitable to build a nuclear power
plant in Sampur is that, the waste that creates the plant is hard to depose
safety so the environment might polluted.
When considering above reasons our opinion is its not suitable to set up a
nuclear power plant in sampur.

18. PAGE 17
Hydro power plan [Figure 01]
Hydro power plan [Figure 02]
Coal power plan [Figure 03]
Oil power plant [Figure 4]
Solar power plant [Figure 5]

19. PAGE 18
REFERENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower#/
https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/benefits-hydropower
https://sciencing.com/oil-power-plant-work-4570209.html
https://classroom.synonym.com/advantages-disadvantages-of-a-solar-power-plant-
12080700.html
http://www.mechanicaltutorial.com/nuclear-power-plant-advantages-and-disadvantages-
of-nuclear-power-stations
https://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2017/12/nuclear-power-plant.html
https://www.engie.com/en/businesses/electricity/onshore-wind-power/how-do-wind-
power-plants-work/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power
Nuclear power plant [Figure 7]
Wind power plant [Figure 6]