1. The document provides an overview of the Ku Klux Klan, including its origins in the post-Civil War South and its resurgence in the early 20th century. 2. It details the formation of the original KKK in 1865 as a secret society that opposed Reconstruction and terrorized freed slaves and Republicans. 3. The KKK saw a revival beginning in 1915 inspired by the film The Birth of a Nation and grew rapidly in the 1920s as a nativist organization that opposed immigrants and Catholics. 4. While the KKK declined by the late 1920s, it remained an active white supremacist group in the 20th century though with declining membership from its peak in the

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& : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan
-
: ,
"KKK" . , KKK ( ).
, Gainesville,
, 31, 1922.
1st 1865-1870
2 1915-1944

10. 3 1
1946
1st 550,000
3,000,000-6,000,000 [1]
(1920-1925
2
)
3 5,000-6,000
[2]
[3]
Homophobism
1
2010 152
. [4]
, KKK
, [5]
[6] [7] [8]
,
, ,
, . [9] 20
, KKK . [9]
; . [10] . 2012 3,000
5,000 [11]
1870
, 1860 . : ,
, .
, , [12]
KKK 1920 ,
,
. [13] KKK
.

11. " ,
" " 19 harking
18- ,"
. [14] ,
KKK
.
 1 Klans
O 1.1 KKK
O 1.2 KKK
O 1.3 KKK
 2 1865-1874
O 2.1
O 2.2
O 2.3
O 2.4
 3 : 1915-1944
O 3.1 1915 Refounding
 3.1.1
O 3.2
O 3.3
 3.3.1
 3.3.2 unionism
O 3.4
O 3.5
O 3.6
O 3.7
O 3.8
 4 Klans, 1960 , 1950
 5 : 1970-
O 5.1
O 5.2
O 5.3

12. O 5.4 lynching
O 5.5 Stormfront
O 5.6
O 5.7
O 5.8
 6
 7
 8
 9
 10
 11
Klans
KKK
1865 Pulaski, ,
. [15] kuklos ( κύκλος
, ).
[16]
,
, .
[17]
. ,
freedmen ;
, . 1870 1871 ,
,.
[18]
. 1874 , ,
,
, '
. 1877
.

13. KKK
1915 , . 1921 ,
(
)
.
,
,
. KKK " "
,
. ,
.
[19]
. [20]
. . [21]
,. 1920 ,
15%, 4-5 . ,
, 1930 30,000
, . 1940
. [22] ,
, 1926-28 .
[23]
KKK
" "
desegregation 1950 1960 ,.
, ,
; , . [24]
KKK
16 . ,
5,000 150
. [25]
, "
". [25] [26] [27] [28]
1997 , FBI
. [29] 1999 ,
,

14. . [30]
2004
. [31]
1865-1874
KKK carpetbaggers . , Tuscaloosa, , 1868.
Pulaski, , 24, 1865,
,
. [32] [33] kyklos (κύκλος ,
) . [34] "Kuklux ."
,
- ,
(1865) Camelia (1867) . [35]
KKK
,
. 1866 ,
Sharkey ,
;
.
. ,
, . [36]

15. KKK
1867 ,
. ,
,
.
.
,
.
. ," "
, "reenfranchisement
,
." [37] Ironclad
,.
,. [15] [38]

16. 1868 ,
, ,
carpetbaggers scalawags .
. [39]
"
." [40]
,
.
.
,
. :
antiblack
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
workmen, , ,
- ,
freedmen
. , , , ,
, , ,
Klansmen . [41]
:
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
:.,
, ,
[42]
, ,
, .
[42]
" ,

17. .
Hinds ,
,
. " [43]
Tishomingo , ,
1871,.
,
.
,
."
, , , ,
."
. [44] "
,,
. freedmen ." [45]
Freedmen .
,
, ,
, . Freedmen
."
; ;
,

18. :
."
, .
." ,
, 1867 18 , 197
548 ." [46]
.
. 2,000
,
1868 .
Landry ,
, 1.071 .
. KKK
, 200
.
; 25 .
KKK
. [47]
1868 ,
1,222 . By , ,
. [48]
Klansmen 150
, . Freedmen
freedmen Klansmen
. [49]
. , : [50]
(
), , ...
1871 ,

19. .
.
.
. "gentlemanly "
- ,
.
heeded .
1868 , ,
. [51]
.
,
. [52]
, BH "
. " [51]
Blount , ,"
" . whipping
Klansmen ,
.
Bennettsville,
. [53]
, . [54]
.
1871 ,
52
. 12 .

20. ,
1871 (
).
. [55] ,
.
.
, , courthouse
. , [56]
1871
. [57]
1871 ( )
1871 , .
1870 , ,
.
, 1871 ,
, 9
. Klansmen
.
juries juries ,
. [57] [58] ,
.
" , ' 40,000
Klansmen 550,000
" , ,
, .

21. . forays
.
1870 "
". [59]
. ,
,
. [60]
,
. "
,
" , 1869
. [61]
" ,
disbandment , ,
". [62] , 1870 "
, " . [63]
Gov. .
nonpolitical ,
.
juries . Lynching ,
juries
. , juries
. , Klansmen
.
lynching
. ,

22. . [58]
1870
, unpopularity .
,
.
'impeaching
, . [64]
[65]
, . Tappan
. [66]
, ,
, ,
. [67]
1874 , : faltering
, . ,
,
.
, 1876
, 1874 1876
.
, (1875), 1870
, .
,
.
,
. ,
.
, 1873 1874 , Klansmen
.
1875 .

23. 1876 eviscerated.
( 1875 )
. ,
,
. 1871
,
,
.
, ;.
[68]
1882 ,
.
. [69]
" , ", 1870 ( 1987, .
109). 1915
" Klansmen." . [70]
1872 , . [71] ,
,
, 1890
. 161 1892
, Lynchings,. [72]
: 1915-1944
1915 Refounding
1915 :
 mythologizing , .

. 1913
Phagan
,. .

24. 
,. , ,
.
Phagan,
- .
.
.
.
DW ' .
Clansman
, ,
" !"
.
,
. [73]
, .
romanticized ,
.
.

25. ,"
, ."
. [74]
. , ,
30 , . ,
Tumulty ,"
." [75]
1915
. 1921
.
1867 Prescripts,
. , . [76]
,
.
1928 , DC
.
;.
,"
,"
[77]
, ,
Blee " ." [78]

26. , .
.
stoked ;
,
.
. 1910 1930
, urbanizing ,
, , , , , .
,
: ,
, . [79] ,
, , "
, ,
,
". [80]
, Elks
Woodmen
. , ,
.
, . [81]
" , Kleagles ",
KKK , .
.
, ,
.
.
.
,
,.

27. .
. , ,
. [82]
,
, 1920
. [83] 1925 ,
.
, , ,
.
strenuously
.
.
1920
. [84] Prendergast KKK "
Klansmen ".
[85]
,. 1922 ,
, .
, ,
, .
, WCTU . [86] [ ]
,
. [87]
unionism
, -
. 1930 1940 ,

28. (CIO),. 1940 ,
( ) ." 1949,
carcasses [ ]
." [88]
. [88]
. " " Klansmen:
1926
,
.
, , 40,000 ,
.
: Klansmen
. ,
.
,
.
. [89]
1920,
."
"
Klansmen . Swedish
,.

29. . Swedish
. [90]
,
.
Klansmen .
:
Klansmen :
,
, ,
. Klansmen ,
. ,
,
. [91]
.
. , 1920
, 15% .
.
, 1915
.
.
,
. [92]

30. ,
, ,
. [13]
'
( X- ). Clansman (
),
.
;
.
1915 ,
.
. [93]
1921 , , Lanier
, .
, ,
, " , 100 "
.
. [94]
, 1923 " Klansmen "

31. .
,
20%
, 40%. [95] ,
, . [96]
1924
.
McAdoo ,,
.
,
.
;. [97] [98]
, , KKK
. 1924 , Anaheim,
. -
. - ,
, .
,
,
. Cocoltchos Klansmen
. 1200 ,
Cocoltchos 300 ,
.
. Cocoltchos
. antis Klansmen, ,
antis . Klansmen KKK
Cocoltchos
,
( )
. 1924 Anaheim
.
Klansmen .
,
. ,,
Klansman Klansmen

32. . antis 1925
1924 Klansmen
. Anaheim
, ,
Klavern . [99]
Klansmen ,
, ,
. 1925 ,
,
Heflin , Bibb ,
,
KKK . [100] 1926
;
1920 . 1926 ,
, Bibb .
. ,
, ,
. 1972 redistrict ,
, ' '
.
.
,
courted , . KKK
;
.
, , , ,
, .
, .

33. DC , . 1925
.
,
. , 1920,
. ( 30%
[101]
), 1924
.
, DC upholders
. 1926 by "
." [102] DC
22 . 1923
KKK . 1925 ,
[103]
Madge .
, .
:
maneuvered
. ,
, . ,
.
, , ,
. ,
,

34. . ,
expedience .
,
.
[104]
, Niebuhr , .
,
lynching .
,
.
. 1925
,
. [89]
, KKK ,
, 1927 .
. [105]
. , ,
, "
" .
. [106]
, ,
" . . " . . 1928
, ,
.
1930 6,000 .
1940 ,
, .
KKK
1950 1960.
Hiram 1939
Colescott , , ,
. . 1944 , IRS

35. $ 685.000 , Colescott 1944
.
. [107]
,
1940 1970 ,
.
, Stetson
.
, KKK .
trivialize
. [108] 1950 ,
. [109]
. [110] (
.)
1920 4.000.000 [111]
1924 6,000,000
1930 30,000
1980 5,000
2008 6,000
Klans, 1960 , 1950
" " . 1950
, , ,
'
. "Bombingham"
1950 '
. [24]
,
.
,

36. . [24]
, .
,
' . [24] , KKK
.
,
. unreported
.
juries,
.
, , 40
1951 1952 .
,
bystanders,
. [112]
.
:
 1951 (NAACP,)
Harriette Mims, , . [113]
 1957 , Klansmen
. [114]
 NAACP, 1963 Medgar . 1994 ,
Klansman Beckwith .
 1963 16 ,
. Chambliss 1977, ,

37. Blanton, 2001 2002
,. , , .
 , 1964 Chaney, Schwerner
,. 2005 , Killen
. [115]
 1964 , Hezekiah
. 2007 , Klansman
, Seale , Klansman, .
Seale . Seale
. [116]
 1965 Liuzzo . -
.
Liuzzo .
 NAACP, 1966 firebombing Dahmer , 58,. 1998
. ,
, .
. 1953 ,
. 1958
, Lumbee
,
. KKK
, Lumbees .
,
. [117]
(FBI) 1960
, ,
. . . ,
,
. 1964
, . . COINTELPRO
. [24]
20 '
,
. 1964
Chaney, Schwerner ; [118] 1965

38. Liuzzo . 1991
.
: 1970-
, , 1977
, KKK
busing ,
. 1971 , KKK 10
, .
: Greensboro
3, 1979 , KKK
Greensboro Greensboro, . [119]
, , . [120]
, 1979 KKK , . .
COINTELPRO . KKK
FBI .
, , FBI
. [121]
, KKK
,

39. . KKK
.
Klansmen
. KKK ;
.
1980 , KKK
( , Lela , )
Chattanooga , KKK ,.
, Crumsey,
. -
KKK
, , - -
. . [122] [123] [124] 1982 ,
$ 535.000 . [125]
lynching
1981 , FBI
KKK ,
,. Dees
(SPLC), , Beulah ,
KKK .
Klans 1987 .
lynching $7
. , KKK
, Tuscaloosa .
, 6, 1997
.
1913 .

40. Stormfront
: Stormfront ( )
1995 , , KKK
' ,
(BBS) Stormfront . , Stormfront
, , , ,
. [126] [127] [128]
Stormfront ,
,
.
1980 . [129] [130]
KKK ,
[131]
KKK
,
. KKK
, . [132] [133] [134]
2008
, . [135] [136]
. [137] ,
. ,
, ,
. [ 11]
, .
[138]
KKK ,
. KKK
, "nazified"
skinheads . [139]
(ACLU) KKK
,

41. , ,
. [140]
(ADL): [141]
 , , ,
,
 [132]
 Klans [142]
 Camelia [143]
 ,
Robb , , . [144]
.
, KKK
. 1990
, ,
, [145] [146] KKK
. [147]
. [148] [149]
. ,
.
AYAK ( Klansman ?) . AKIA
( Klansman ) . [150]
, [151]
"KL" :
 Klabee: treasurers
 Klavern:
 Kleagle: recruiter
 Klecktoken:
 Kligrapp:
 Klonvocation:
 Kloran :

42.  Kloreroe:
 Kludd:
1915 ,
. [152]
; "
" " ".
Kludd Klonvokation "
." Kaliff
. [153]

 (1865-1918) #


 Inglewood,







 ( )
 ,


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, : . 21, 30, 55.

43. 3. ^ , ,
. . , , : , 1997 . 267.
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: , , 1999.
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. , ,
.: : ,"
' Cyberhate" . . 112 .
.
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" 92.3 (2005) :. 811-36,
.
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: . . 185. 978-0-19-512357-9 . 3, 2011
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2002. 20, 2011 .
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.
19. ^ Pegram, : 1920
(2011), 47-88.

44. 20. ^ , : KKK , 1915-
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22. ^ , ." ".
. Coker .
23. ^ , : (1983), 52-53.
24. ^ D
McWhorter 2001.
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. 2, 2010 .
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. 21, 2004. 2, 2010 .
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, , .
33. ^ , , : , Disbandment,
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34. ^ 1939, . κύκλος (kyklos)
11, . 1987, . 33 ,
kuklux κύκλος .
35. ^ Bois, Reco nstruction: 1860-1880, :
, 1935; , 679-680 , 1998,.
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, 1935; , , 1998, . 671-675.
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