CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
Cold War (2013 edition)
1. Cold War
1. Reasons for the Cold War
2. Actions of the Cold War
3. The end of the Cold War
Most of This Is in Chapter 17 & 19 of Your Textbook.
Most of This Is in Chapter 17 & 19 of Your Textbook.
2. Part 1: Reasons
• Your goal:
Be able to explain why the Cold War
happened.
3. What does “cool” mean?
Why would a war be
called “cold”?
What does
temperature have to
do with anything?
4. What Is a Cold War?
• No actual battle between the countries at
war.
• THE Cold War was the period of hostility
between the United States and the Soviet
Union 1945-1991.
5. What are some reasons for
the USSR to dislike the US?
• The US did not join WWI until after Russia
had to quit.
• The US did not join WWII until after USSR
had lost millions of lives.
6. What are some reasons for
the US to dislike the USSR?
• The USSR signed a nonaggression pact with
Hitler.
• The USSR was communist.
8. Capitalism vs. Communism
• Free elections • One-party state
• More than one • Industry/agriculture
political party owned by the state
• Industry/agriculture • No different social
classes
owned by individuals
• Government
• Different social controls people’s
classes lives
• Freedom of speech • Strong censorship
9. Capitalism vs. Communism
• You can create a • No matter how hard
business, make lots your neighbor
of money, and have works, he will never
more things than make more money
or have more things
other people. than you.
• Some people get • It’s not fair for some
rich. It could be you! people to be
wealthy, while
others starve.
10. Which country was communist?
Put these
Put these
on your
on your
chart also.
chart also.
Which countries were capitalist?
and many
more.
13. The Cold War begins …
Yalta Conference 1945
World
Yes, but
War II
we need
isn't
to plan
over
for the
yet.
end of
the war.
Germany didn’t surrender until May 1945, but the
Allies met at Yalta in February 1945 to discuss
the end of the war.
14. Yalta Conference 1945
How will we
How will
rebuild Europe? How will
we keep
we punish
the peace?
Germany?
15. Yalta Conference 1945
What do we do
What Don't you
with the war
about the want
criminals?
homeless revenge?
people?
Don't you
and the want
broken revenge?
factories and the
and fields countries They can't even
without pay their bills!
governments? How will any of
this work?
16. Yalta Conference 1945
The three major results of this conference were:
• United Nations
• Dismemberment of Germany
• Reparations
17. lta
Ya
United Nations
• The League of Nations failed
• The United Nations was the new and
improved version
• Differences:
– More members worldwide
– More military force to keep peace
18. lta
Ya
How to deal with Germany:
Two main goals:
• Keep Germany weak
• Make sure it can pay for the damage
19. lta
Ya
Keep Germany Weak
• Germany cannot be trusted
• Dismember* it so it is remains weak
• The Allies will divide Germany into four parts
and keep military control over it.
* Dismember: to take apart
20. lta Iron Curtain –
Ya
A term used by
Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
21. lta
Ya
Reparations
• After WWI, Germany had to pay 32 billion
marks.
• What was the result?
* Reparations: payment for damages
22. lta
Ya
Reparations
• After WWII, the Allies would get “paid” by
whatever their portion of Germany produced.
• Factories, mines, labor, etc.
23. The Marshall Plan
• US Secretary of • The US would loan
State George them money to help
Marshall, 1947 them rebuild.
• He proposed
financial aid for all of • This money would
the needy European be spent on
countries. American products,
so it was profitable,
to the US.
25. Keep my
neighbors
Soviet opposition communist!
• The Soviet Union did not
want countries in Eastern
Europe to accept this money.
• Economic involvement with
the United States was
dangerous to communism.
26. Soviet Fear
• The Soviet Union did not want
Germany to rebuild.
• Why wouldn’t they want that?
27. Iron Curtain –
A term used by
Winston Churchill
to describe the
separation of
communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
29. Two sides of Cold War
• NATO – North • Warsaw Pact –
Atlantic Treaty pro Soviet
Organization countries –
• USA, France, USSR, and all
Great Britain, countries
West Germany controlled by the
• CAPITALISM USSR.
• COMMUNISM
30. Cold War goals
• the United States • the Soviet Union
wanted countries to wanted countries to
be capitalist and be communist
democratic
31. NATO – North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
US alliance with Britain, France, Italy,
Canada, Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Norway,
Denmark, and Iceland
32. Warsaw Pact
USSR alliance with East Germany,
Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary,
Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania
33. Containment
• This was the foreign Contain
policy of US Communism!
President Harry
Truman.
Keep
communism
from spreading
to other
countries.
34. Brinkmanship*
• Going to the edge of war,
without actually starting any
fighting.
• How far can you push it,
before someone calls your
bluff?
*Brink: the edge of something
35. Why Brinkmanship?
• War between the
The superpowers want to avoid
superpowers would almost
direct war between them.
certainly involve nuclear
weapons.
• Millions would be killed.
• No one wins a nuclear war
36. Why Brinkmanship?
Mutually Assured Destruction
• The USSR eventually had
the same nuclear weapons
power as the US.
• Both sides could destroy
the other many times.
No one wins.
37. Part 2: Actions
• Your goal:
Be able to explain how the events of the
Cold War affected the world..
38. Arms Race
Arms Race: competition to get more
weapons than the other country.
• The Cold War
drove the
superpowers into
an arms race.
• US & USSR
produced as
many weapons
as possible.
(Including nuclear
bombs)
39. Space Race
Space Race: competition to
get more advanced rockets.
• Who has the best
science and
engineering?
• Making better
rockets also
meant making
better bombs.
40. Space Race
• 1957: USSR
launched first
man made
satellite into
space.
• It circled the earth
15 times a day.
• It beeped.
Why was Sputnik significant?
Why would the US care?
41. Cold War Fighting
Did the United States
actually go into battle
with the Soviet Union?
No
43. Cold War Fighting
How was the Cold War fought?
1. Foreign Aid – Marshall Plan
2. Propaganda – Convince people which
side is better
3. Espionage – Find out what the other side
is doing
4. Alliances – NATO & Warsaw Pact
5. Brinkmanship – Who will back down
first?
6. Surrogate wars – Korea & Vietnam
44. Berlin Airlift
• Dismemberment of Germany
didn’t last.
• US, France and Britain wanted
to leave Germany in 1948.
• USSR did not want Germany to
become strong again.
45. Berlin Airlift
• When US, France and Map of
Britain left Berlin, Stalin Berlin
took control of the whole
city.
• USSR did not have the
“right” to keep more than
East Berlin.
• US, France and Britain
were committed to protect
West Berlin from this
capture.
Map of Germany
46. Berlin Airlift
• USSR cut off roads to the Map of
outside world, not letting Berlin
people in or out of Berlin.
• US, France and Britain
airlifted supplies to West
Berlin for 11 months.
• USSR gave up.
Map of Germany
47. Berlin Airlift
• USSR cut off roads to the
outside world, not letting
people or supplies in or
out of Berlin.
• US, France and Britain
airlifted supplies to West
Berlin for 11 months.
• USSR gave up.
Map of Germany
48. Third World Countries
• Superpowers* recruited
countries to choose sides
in the Cold War.
• Third World includes
countries who are
• economically poor
• still developing
• politically unstable
• need assistance
*Superpowers: US & USSR
50. Third World Countries
• Examples of Third World Countries:
• Guatemala
• Bolivia
• Chile
• Cuba
• Congo
• Greece
• Korea
• Vietnam
Why were these countries significant?
Why would the superpowers want to help them?
53. How does Domino Theory
relate to Third World
Countries?
How does Containment relate
to Third World Countries?
54. Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Fidel Castro took over Cuba, and
wanted to make it communist.
• Americans lost their investments there.
• Castro asked the Soviet Union for help.
• President Kennedy attempted to liberate
Cuba from Castro, in the Bay of Pigs
invasion.
• It was a failure.
56. Fidel Castro
Communist dictator of Cuba, during
Cuban missile crisis 1962.
•He nationalized the
economy.
•He got help from Nikita
Khrushchev.
•Khrushchev set up
Nuclear missile sites in
Cuba.
57. Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Nikita Khrushchev began building 42 missile
sites in Cuba.
• Cuba is as close to Florida as Sacramento is
to San Francisco!
• President Kennedy demanded they be
removed. This was brinkmanship.
• Kennedy announced a naval blockade, which
could have been considered an act of war.
58. Nicaragua
Nicaragua
• The United States supported a dictator,
Anastasio Somoza.
• His administration, while being one of the most
corrupt in history and brutal to dissidents, was
nevertheless supported by the United States
because it was viewed as anti-communist.
59. Anastasio Somoza Garcia
Dictator of Nicaragua 1937-1956
A corrupt tyrant, who was supported
by the United States because he was
anti-Communist.
Corruption, torture, and
murder of dissidents
60. Iran
Iran
• The Shah of Iran was friendly to capitalism, but lost
power in his country to nationalists.
• The United States put him back in power.
• Many Iranians were still unhappy with the Shah.
• Ayatollah Khomeini, a religious leader, and
encouraged Iranians to riot, protesting US
interference.
• In 1979, the Shaw’s followers took 60 Americans
hostage from the US Embassy in Tehran. They were
held 444 days.
62. Ayatollah Khomeini
Religious (Muslim) leader of Iran.
Opposed US involvement in the
Middle East
Iran hostage crisis 1979
63. Afghanistan
Afghanistan
• After World War II, Afghanistan was independent, but
had a communist friendly government.
• A Muslim revolt tried to change the government, so the
Soviet Union invaded. They did not want a non-
communist government.
• The Soviet Union supported the Afghan communists in
the battle.
• The United States supported the Muslim rebels in the
battle.
• 1979-1989: the Soviet Union eventually gave up.
65. Afghanistan
Vietnam War
• Third World country
• Newly independent French Colony in 1954
• Vietnamese have to decide what kind of government
to have.
– US wants them to have anything but communism.
– USSR and China want it to be communist.
Why would the US get
involved in this war?
67. Afghanistan
Vietnam War
• Third World country
• Newly independent French Colony in 1954
• Vietnamese have to decide what kind of government
to have.
– US wants them to have anything but communism.
– USSR and China want it to be communist.
Why would the US get
involved in this war?
68. Afghanistan
Vietnam War
• US gives South Vietnam military advisors
• Then more advisors
• Then some troops
• Then more troops
• US Officially entered the war in 1964.
• US lost the war to the communists in 1973.
Why would the US get
involved in this war?
69. Afghanistan
Korean War
• Korean had a long history of being controlled by China
or Japan
• WWII – Japan controlled Korea
• After WWII – Korea was split into 2 countries.
• Divided at the 38th Parallel
• North Korea – Communist
• South Korea – democratic republic
71. Afghanistan
Korean War
• 1950 – North Korea invades South Korea
• US and United Nations helps South Korea
• USSR and China supported North Korea
• Battles went North and South
• Ended the war in 1953
• Border was set at the 38th parallel – WHERE IT
BEGAN!