This document contains a review for a social science exam. It includes 32 multiple choice questions covering various topics in anthropology, sociology, and culture. The questions test understanding of key concepts like culture, socialization, social norms, social stratification, social mobility, and functions of education. They also assess knowledge of specific anthropological disciplines, types of social groups, and differences between formal, non-formal and informal education systems. The review aims to prepare the test-taker for a social science exam focusing on cultural and social concepts.

1. NAT REVIEWER G12
Social Science

2. 1. Which of the
following
states how
people relate
to nature and
their physical
environment?
A. Politics
B. Anthropology
C. Culture
D. Sociology

3. •Culture is defined as how
people relate to nature
and their physical
environment.
• Anthropology always
describes human, human
behavior and human
societies around the world.
This term means scientific
study of man or human
beings.

4. 2. Which of the
following
shows an
anthropological
discipline?
A. Study the human engagements that included
family, life, child raising, beliefs and religion and
politics.
B. Analyzing how people culturally differ and
what they share in common
C. Being human and becoming human is to be a
social person shaped by culture but tempered
or enabled by their own bodily anatomy.
D. All of the above.

5. •Culture is defined as how
people relate to nature
and their physical
environment.
• Anthropology always
describes human, human
behavior and human
societies around the world.
This term means scientific
study of man or human
beings.

6. 3. If we want to know
certain social
phenomena
happened such as the
television program Eat
Bulaga Kalyeserye
gaining millions of
tweets worldwide,
which of this field of
social science answers
these occurrences?
A. Sociology
B. Anthropology
C. Culture
D. Political Science

7. •While anthropology is rooted in the
characteristics, environment and culture of
humans and their ancestors, sociology is
more focused on topics like social change
and the social consequences of human
behavior. Both sociology and anthropology
are broad disciplines.

8. 4. This refers
to the changes
affecting new
traits or trait
complexes
and changes
in a cultures
content and
structure.
A. Cultural
change
B. Social
change
C. Political
change
D.
Sociological
change

9. • Cultural change. Explanation: Culture change refers to all
alterations affecting new traits or trait completes in cultural
context and structure.
• Culture change is defined by anthropologists as a
reformulation in group behavior. Reformulations may be
studied at the level of individual experiences, for instance, of the
innovator or the adoptor, or at the level of a functional
integration and disintegration of the entire culture.

10. 5. Politics is
the art of
government.
Which of
the
statements
does NOT
apply?
A. The art of the government or what concerns
the affairs of the state.
B. Analyzing how people culturally differ and what
they share in common.
C. Being human and becoming human is to be a
social person shaped by culture but tempered or
enabled by their own bodily anatomy.
D. All of the above

11. 6. Which of
the following
statement is
NOT a
characteristic
of culture?
A. Culture is learned
B. Culture is shared
C. Culture is symbolic
D. Culture is inborn

13. 7. Culture
is
learned.
How can
this
statement
be true?
A. An individual can choose his birth
culture.
B. An individual doesn’t need to
immense on his culture.
C. An individual has natural knowledge
of his culture the time he is born.
D. An individual can acquire the contents
of culture on his everyday living.

15. 8. 8. Which of the
following shows
an
anthropological
discipline?
A. study the human engagements that included
family, life, child raising, beliefs and religion and
politics.
B. analyzing how people culturally differ and
what they share in common
C. being human and becoming human is to be a
social person shaped by culture but tempered
or enabled by their own bodily anatomy.
D. all of the above

16. 9. It refers to the
actual exposure
to another
culture and the
duration and
extent of
exposure
account for the
quality of the
results to what?
A.acculturation
B. enculturation
C. Transmission
D. cultural relativism

17. •ENCULTURATION. refers to the gradual acquisition of the
characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a
person, another culture, etc. enculturation. starts with
actual exposure to another culture and the duration
and extent of exposure account for the quality of the
resulting enculturation.

18. 10. Which
situation
below shows
an
ethnocentric
attitude?
A. A young Muslim trying to make
friends with the Christian neighbors.
B. A city boy buying foods of
Manobo foods.
C. A Christian soldier helping a
wounded and dying NPA.
D. A Manobo tribe rejecting the
products of the Badjao.

19. •Ethnocentrism is a basic attitude
expressing the belief that one's own
ethnic group or one's own culture is
superior to other ethnic groups or
cultures, and that one's cultural
standards can be applied in a universal
manner.

20. 11. What refers
to a lifelong
social
experience by
which people
develop their
human
potential and
learn culture?
A. Culture
B. Society
C. Enculturation
D. Socialization

21. •Sociologists use the term
socialization to refer to the
lifelong social experience by which
people develop their human
potential and learn culture

22. 12. What do we
call a system
of words and
symbols used
to
communicate
with
other
people?
A. Symbols
B. Norms
C. Artifacts
D. Language

23. •Language is a system of symbols, words,
and/or gestures used to communicate
meaning. People are raised in different
cultures, with different values, beliefs,
customs, and different languages to
express those cultural attributes.

24. 13. Where
can you
observed
the arena
of
politics?
A. Culture
B. Society
C. Government
D. Anthropology

25. 14. What are
the important
sources of
information
in the
reconstructio
n of
human
evolution?
• A. artifacts
• B. fossils
• C. excavation sites
• D. All of the above

26. 15. The theory
refers to a
socialization
that may
occur
between
infancy to
adolescence.
A. Cognitive Development Theory
B. Moral Development Theory
C. Theory of Social Self
D. Psychoanalytic Theory

27. •The theory refers to a socialization that may
occur between infancy to adolescence.
answer choices. Cognitive Development
Theory.

28. 16. During the
hunting and
gathering
societies, the
relationship
between men
and
women are
equal.
• A. True
• B. False
• C. Maybe
• D. None of the above

29. •Hunting and gathering societies, taken as the
earliest kind of human society, are egalitarian
where men and women contribute equally to the
food supply and tend to be more patriarchal
where there is a greater emphasis upon hunting
for meat.

30. 17. Lisa was a proud
cultural relativist.
She sees that
Ilocanos are thrifty
because of their
geographical
location. Likewise,
she sees nothing
wrong about it.
What did Lisa
exhibit in that
situation?
A.She believes anything goes in
one’s own culture.
B. She measures behavior by how
the other culture regards this
practice.
C.She has no concept of right or
wrong.
D.She measures which cultures are
related to others.

32. • Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what
is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead, we should try to understand
cultural practices of other groups in its own cultural context.

33. 18. Why is that important
to appreciate the different
cultures in the society?
• A. In order to promote
peace
• B. To build cooperation
between groups
• C. To avoid conflict
• D. All of the above

34. 19. Which of these refers to the
structure of relationship which has an
interconnection, ties, linkages
between people and the larger social
institutions like social media?
• A. Primary Group
• B. Social Group
• C. Network Group
• D. Reference Group

35. • A social network is a social structure that exists between actors—
individuals or organizations. A social network indicates the way that people
and organizations are connected through various social familiarities,
ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds. Social networks
are composed of nodes and ties.
• A social group consists of two or more people who regularly interact on the
basis of mutual expectations and who share a common identity. It is easy
to see from this definition that we all belong to many types of social
groups: our families, our different friendship groups, the sociology class
and other courses we attend, our workplaces, the clubs and organizations
to which we belong, and so forth. Except in rare cases, it is difficult to
imagine any of us living totally alone. Even people who live by themselves
still interact with family members, coworkers, and friends and to this
extent still have several group memberships.

36. 20. Which of
these are
examples of
a network
group?
• A. family
• B. Fraternity
• C. favorite sports team
• D. Facebook and IG

37. 21. Which of
these refers
to a small,
intimate and
a less
specialized
group?
• A. Primary Group
• B. Social Group
• C. Network Group
• D. Reference Group

38. •A primary group is a
small, less
specialized group in
which members
engage in face-to-
face, emotion based
interactions over an
extended period of
time.

39. 22. Which
of the
following
statements
Is NOT
true?
A. Prospective norms are those that
define and tell us things not to do.
B. Social norms are of different
types and norms
C. Prescriptive norms are those that
define and tell us things to do.
D. Society and culture are the same.

40. •Society refers to a group of people living together in
a community with common traditions, interests and
institutions. Culture refers to the norms and social
behavior found in a society such as customs, habits,
beliefs, and laws.
•Norms may be prescriptive (encouraging positive
behavior; for example, “be honest”) or proscriptive
(discouraging negative behavior; for example, “do
not cheat”). The term is also sometimes used to
refer to patterns of behavior and internalized values.

41. 23. The state works
like a family; it
creates agencies to
provide for the
welfare of
its members.
Meanwhile, non –
state institutions
work as ________ to
lessen
the burden of
the state.
• A. parents
• B. brothers and sisters
• C. tito and tita
• D. lolo and lola

42. 24. Non-state
institutions play a
very important
role in people
daily lives. Which
non-state
institution helps
people acquire
money or property
in order to start
a business?
• A. Banks
• B. Cooperatives
• C. Corporations
• D. Trade unions

43. •Non-state institutions include the following:
banks, corporations, trade unions,
cooperatives, development agencies, civil
organizations, and transnational advocacy
groups. Banks help us keep our money, avail
different kinds of loan, and exchange
currencies

44. 25.Which of
the following
is NOT
TRUE about
non-state
institutions?
• A. Some are for profit while some
are not.
• B. Some are foreign while
some are local.
• C. They contribute a lot to the
economy.
• D. They do not influence what
the government does.

45. 26. Which
is the
topmost
function of
education
in the
society?
A. Socialization
B. Social Placement
C. Social Integration
D. Social and Cultural Innovation

46. •Perhaps the most important function of
education is socialization. If children need to
learn the norms, values, and skills they need
to function in society, then education is a
primary vehicle for such learning.

47. 27.Which type
of education
do you think
the ALS
(Alternative
Learning
System)
students
belong?
A. Formal Education
B. Special Education
C. Informal Education
D. Non-Formal Education

48. • The key difference between non-formal and informal
education is that non-formal education refers to the
structured educational programs which take place outside of
the formal educational classroom setting to develop the
skills of the learners, whereas informal education refers to
the unstructured education received by the learners from
society.
• Both non-formal education and informal education help
people to learn various things and develop their skills. At the
same time, the learners are able to receive hands-on
experience through these two types of education systems.

49. 28. What broad
function of
education instills
values among
learners, such as
the
Filipino traits
and values:
hospitality, family
close ties and
‘utang na loob?’
A.Social
B.Political
C. Cultural
D.D. Educational

50. 29. . If one is
born poor yet
become
successful in
life through
business,
what type
of mobility
it implies?
• A. Horizontal mobility
• B. Vertical mobility
• C. Stagnant mobility
• D. Incline mobility

51. Types of Social Mobility
• Social mobility can take different forms, and people can experience
different types of mobility in different stages of their lives. The types
of mobilities are independent of one another and can often overlap.
They are only distinguished for the purpose of analysis.
1. Horizontal mobility - This occurs when a person changes their
occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged. For
example, if a doctor goes from practicing medicine to teaching in a
medical school, the occupation’s changed but their prestige and social
standing likely remain the same. Sorokin describes horizontal mobility
as a change in religious, territorial, political, or other horizontal shifts
with no change in the vertical position.

52. Types of Social Mobility
• 2. Vertical mobility - This refers to a change in the occupational,
political, or religious status of a person that causes a change in their
societal position. An individual moves from one social stratum to
another. Vertical mobility can be ascending or descending. Ascending
involves an individual moving from a group in a lower stratum to a
higher one or the creation of a similar group with a higher societal
position, instead of side by side with its existing group. Descending
mobility occurs, for example, when a businessman incurs losses in his
business and is forced to declare bankruptcy, resulting in a move to a
lower stratum of society.

53. Types of Social Mobility
• 3. Upward mobility - This is when a person moves from a lower
position in society to a higher one. It can also include people
occupying higher positions in the same societal group. However,
upward mobility, while seen as a good thing, can also come at a cost
for individuals. When a person moves upward, they often need to
leave behind familiar surroundings such as family and places. They
may also need to change their way of thinking and behavior. The
individual will need to adapt to the new environment as a result of
their upward movement and adopt different behaviors in the new
society.

54. 30. Which refers
to a system by
which a society
ranks categories
of people in a
hierarchy
according to
social desirables?
A. Social inequality
B. Social stratification
C. Social mobility
D. Social class

55. •Sociologists use the term social
stratification to describe the system of
social standing. Social stratification
refers to a society's categorization of its
people into rankings based on factors
like wealth, income, education, family
background, and power.

56. 31. Functionalist
perspective on
social stratification
argues that the
more
important a
position is to
society, the more
rewards a society
attaches to it.
Which of the
following it applies?
A.Rewarding important work with
income, prestige and power
encourages people to do these jobs
and to work better, longer and
harder.
B.Rewarding fulfilled works with
income, prestige and powers do
not have an effect to people.
C.People do not look for rewards
because it is their duty to
complete their tasks.
D.People always do their jobs
because they are paid even if there
is no reward.

57. •According to the functionalist view,
stratification is a necessary and
inevitable consequence of the need to
use the promise of financial reward to
induce talented people to pursue
important jobs and careers.

58. 32. 32. Which of the following is mostly discriminated?
A. A. Poor B. PWD’s C. LGBT D. All of these

59. 34. It is a human
development measure of
the national
government that
provides
conditional cash
grants to the poorest of
the poor, to improve the
health,
nutrition and the
education of children
aged 0-18.
A. Education for All (EFA)
B. The Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer
Program: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps)
C. Service Delivery Network (SDN)
D. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP)

60. •The Pantawid Pamilya is a human development
program of the national government that invests
in the health and education of poor households,
particularly of children aged 0-18 years old. It
provides cash grants to beneficiaries provided
that they comply with the set of conditions
required by the program.

61. 36. What is
a social
division that
is based on
social
aspects?
•A. Race
•B. Gender
•C. Ethnicity
•D. Differently Able
Individual

63. 37. How
can I call
out
gender
inequality
when I
see it?
A. Speak out about your own
experience
B. Call out discrimination in the
media and advertising
C. It’s OK to not challenge
discrimination every time you see it
D. All of the above

64. How can I call out gender discrimination
or sexism when I see it?
•1. Speak out about your own experiences
•2. Call out discrimination in the media and
advertising
•3. Support other campaigners
•4. It’s OK to not challenge discrimination
every time you see it

65. 38. Which of this
refers to a social,
economic and
political process
that affects
those who
move, those who
stay behind and the
places where they
go across
national
boundaries?
A. Transnational migration
B. Overseas migration
C. International migration
D. Brain drain

66. •transnationalism, economic, political, and
cultural processes that extend beyond the
boundaries of nation-states. The concept of
transnationalism suggests a weakening of
the control a nation-state has over its
borders, inhabitants, and territory.

67. 40. Which of
the following
is NOT a
factor for
transnational
migration?
• A. Overpopulation
• B. Global Warming
• C. Transmigrants
• D. Wage Disparity

68. •Some people move in search of work or
economic opportunities, to join family, or to
study. Others move to escape conflict,
persecution, terrorism, or human rights
violations. Still others move in response to the
adverse effects of climate change, natural
disasters, or other environmental factors.

69. factors for transnational migration
• The main push factors for migration are poverty, unemployment,
conflict and natural resources.

70. 41.What explains that
primary education
becomes a human
right?
I. Education is
compulsory in the
primary level.
II. Education is
human right since it
allows social mobility.
III. Education enables
the individual to
enjoy freedom.
IV. Education is for
everyone regardless of
social status.
A. II, III IV
B. II and IV
C. I only
D.I, II, III, IV

71. 42. Ana a 30-year-old
female who had just
delivered her first child
via caesarian section.
Fourteen days after her
delivery, she suffers
fever and mixed
emotion feeling.
Members of her family
conclude that she might
be having an illness
that is not controlled by
science. What could it
be?
A. Usog (Hex)
B. Bughat (Relapse)
C. Sumpa (Curse)
D. Namaligno (Evil Spirit)

72. Illness not controlled by science
• Binat is a local Filipino term which translates to “relapse.” In Cebuano
it is called Bughat. Binat or bughat occurs when someone is
recovering from illness but gets sick again shortly after or even during
the recovery period. It usually comes as one or a combination of
symptoms: headache, body pain, fever, etc.

73. 43. What is
the aim of
social group
as a method
of social
work?
• A. Development of leadership
qualities
• B. Development of capability for
adjustment
• C. Development of democratic
lifestyle
• D. All of these

74. 44. Jesus Christ,
Mahatma
Gandhi,
Malcolm X, Adolf
Hitler and
Martin Luther
King, Jr. all
possessed which
type of
authority?
• A. Absolute
• B. Rational-legal
• C. Traditional
• D. Charismatic

75. Types of Authority
• Charismatic - Followers accept the power of charismatic authority
because they are drawn to the leader’s personal qualities. The appeal
of a charismatic leader can be extraordinary and can inspire followers
to make unusual sacrifices or to persevere in the midst of great
hardship and persecution. Charismatic leaders usually emerge in
times of crisis and offer innovative or radical solutions. They may even
offer a vision of a new world order. Despite the catastrophic
consequences of events, Hitler’s rise to power in the post-World War I
economic depression of Germany is an example.

76. 45. What do
you call a
marriage
between one
woman and
more than
one man?
• Monogamy
• B. endogamy
• C. polygamy
• D. exogamy

77. Types of marriage in Sociology
• Polyandry is contrasted with polygyny, involving one male and two or more
females.
• Monogamy is when two individuals are in a partnership (relationship) and there
are no more than two people in the relationship.
• Endogamy, the practice of marrying someone from within one's own tribe or
group, is the oldest social regulation of marriage.
• Polygamy marriage - There are three types of polygamy: polygyny refers to “one
husband [who] is married to two or more wives,” polyandry refers to “one wife
married to two or more husbands,” and polygynandry refers to “a group marriage
scenario in which two or more wives are simultaneously married to two or more
husbands”
• Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. It is
often called out-marriage due to the importance of looking outside one's group.

78. 46. Which of
the following
represents a
natural
family?
A.Parents, children, grandparents,
aunts, uncles
• B. Single-parent family
• C. Mother, father and their
biological children
• D. Parents and children

79. 47. Mano or
Pagmamano is an
honoring gesture
used in Filipino
culture as a
way of
requesting a
blessing from the
elders. Why do
Filipinos need to do
this act of
gestures?
A.It is a sign of respect to the elders
B.It is what they have seen from
others
C.It is a command from their parents
D.They just really appreciate their
culture

80. 48. What goal of
education
desires for a
man to become
more and more
what
he is, to
become
everything that
one is capable
of becoming?
• A. Productive
• B. Manifest
• C. Self-actualization
• D. Latent

81. Goal of Education
• Self-actualization is defined as “the desire to become more and more
of what one is, to become everything that one is capable of being”

82. 49. The following
are the effect on
the evolution of
social media in
the
contemporary
societies, which
does NOT
include?
• A. It is one way of getting
information
• B. Weathering away our sense of
and desire for anonymity and
privacy.
• C. Mobilized in the fight against
internet trolls.
• D. It complicates the way we
communicate.

83. 50. 50.Which of
these activities
in participating
governance
wherein the
power from
higher
levels are
transferred to
lower levels?
• A. Decentralization
• B. Election
• C. Command and control
• D. Collective action

84. • “Decentralisation is usually referred to as the transfer of powers from
central government to lower levels in a political-administrative and
territorial hierarchy (Crook and Manor 1998, Agrawal and Ribot 1999)