1. Global Challenges: A case
Study-Pakistan
Zill-e-huma Mustafa Malik
–PhD student Global Studies department
Shanghai University

2. Challenges
 Population
 Economic growth
 Energy
 Inequality
 Food (poverty)
 Waste / Circular Economy
 Cities(mismanagement)
 Climate Change
 Terrorism/Security
 corruption
 poor governance (stable political process)
 mismanagement of resources
have been some of the pitfalls, which have marred Pakistan's progress. The current
incumbent in the corridors of power has been a major letdown, since the crises have
aggravated.

3. Population
 Pakistan is among the most overpopulated countries in the world which troubles
the already vociferous country. Pakistan remains the 5th most populous country in
the world. The rate of population increment is 1.2 percent per year, which means
the population will double in the coming years. The current population of Pakistan
in 2021 is 225,199,937, a 1.95% increase from 2020.
 The population of Pakistan in 2020 was 220,892,340, a 2% increase from 2019.
 The population of Pakistan in 2019 was 216,565,318, a 2.04% increase from
2018.
 The population of Pakistan in 2018 was 212,228,286, a 2.08% increase from
2017.
 The chief causes of the continuing surge, according to population experts, include
religious taboos, political timidity and public ignorance, especially in rural areas.

4. Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects,
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/PAK/pakistan/population
UN
projection
till 2102

5. v

7. Economic Growth
 Pakistan GDP 1960-2021
 GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any
product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without
making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural
resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies
using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not
reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor
is used.Pakistan gdp for 2019 was $278.22B, a 11.55% decline from 2018.
 Pakistan GDP for 2018 was $314.57B, a 3.28% increase from 2017.
 Pakistan GDP for 2017 was $304.57B, a 9.3% increase from 2016.
 Pakistan GDP for 2016 was $278.65B, a 2.99% increase from 2015.

8. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/PAK/pakistan/gdp-gross-
domestic-product

11. Main Social Issues In Pakistan
 over population.
 pollution.
 child labor.
 begging.
 unemployment.
 inactiveness of youth in politics.
 corruption.
 poor politics.
 unequal development on the basis of region
 education problem
 nepotism.

12. Water crises(why Pakistan is running
dry?)
 Due to the lack of adequate storage capacity,
 inefficient supply and delivery systems,
 irrational distribution and consumption patterns,
 low irrigation efficiency, incorrect
 Solution
The convenient way to solve this issue is lining of canals and the optimal
use of water for agriculture. Pakistan should define the groundwater
ownership, and legislation for licensing of groundwater, and increase the
groundwater recharge for urban and rural areas under legal framework.

13. Issues of clean drinking water:
 Currently, Pakistan is categorized as a water-scarce country because the
yearly water availability is less than 1,000 cubic meters per person. The
country crossed this level in 2005. If it reaches 500 cubic meters, it will
become a country that is absolute scarce of water by 2025.
About 20% of the whole population of Pakistan has access to safe drinking
water. The remaining 80% of population is forced to use unsafe drinking
water due to the scarcity of safe and healthy drinking water sources.

14. The Overview of Economy of Pakistan
 The 22nd largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP).
 45th largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product.
 Pakistan has a population of over 220 million (the world's 5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of
$1,186 in 2020-21,which ranks 154th in the world and giving it a PPP GDP per capita of $5,839 in 2019, which
ranks 132nd in the world for 2019.
 However, Pakistan's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36% of its overall economy, which is not taken
into consideration when calculating per capita income. Pakistan is a developing country.
 The economy is semi-industrialized, with centres of growth along the Indus River.
 Primary export commodities include textiles, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals and carpets/rugs.

15. Hope
 sustained economic
growth
 political stability and
peaceful environment.
 modernized agriculture,
industry,
 sound education base and
advancement in science
and technology.