The placenta is a temporary organ that connects the developing foetus via the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy. The placenta functions as a fetomaternal organ with two components: the fetal placenta which develops from the same blastocyst that forms the fetus, and the maternal placenta , which develops from the maternal uterine tissue. The placenta is expelled from the body upon birth of the fetus.
DEVELOPMENT OF PLACENTA,PLACENTA AT TERM , DECIDUA,PLACENTAL MEMBRANE , PLACENTAL CICULATION,PLACENTAL ENDOCRINE SYNTHESIS,ABNORMAL PLACENTA,FUNCTIONS.
DEVELOPMENT OF PLACENTA,PLACENTA AT TERM , DECIDUA,PLACENTAL MEMBRANE , PLACENTAL CICULATION,PLACENTAL ENDOCRINE SYNTHESIS,ABNORMAL PLACENTA,FUNCTIONS.
female reproductive organ, gross anatomy of uterus, its parts,position, internal structure, its attachments, supports of uterus, blood supply and lymphatic drainage.
This topic contains definition, instruments, indications, contraindications, prerequisites, advantages, procedure, complications and hazards of ventouse or vaccum delivery.
female reproductive organ, gross anatomy of uterus, its parts,position, internal structure, its attachments, supports of uterus, blood supply and lymphatic drainage.
This topic contains definition, instruments, indications, contraindications, prerequisites, advantages, procedure, complications and hazards of ventouse or vaccum delivery.
Placenta , memberanes and amniotic fluidDr anil kumar
Placenta is a hemochoreal. It is deciduate. It develops from trophoblasts.5/6 of placenta is fetal origin and 1/6 is maternal origin.It act as semipermiable memberane to exchange substances between fetus and mother.
Amniotic fluid if less in volume is called oligohydramnios .If excee,called polyhydramnios.
Oligohydramnios is associated with IUGR,renal agenesis and posterior urethral valve .
Polyhydramnios is associated with anencephly, meningocele, sacral agenesis ,diabetes in mother etc
an overview of placenta and membranes. Whether you're a medical professional, researcher, student, or simply intrigued by the wonders of human biology, this presentation promises to provide valuable insights into the marvels of the placenta and membranes.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptxDenish Jangid
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Power-sharing Class 10 is a vital aspect of democratic governance. It refers to the distribution of power among different organs of government, levels of government, and social groups. This ensures that no single entity can control all aspects of governance, promoting stability and unity in a diverse society.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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Basic Civil Engineering Notes of Chapter-6, Topic- Ecosystem, Biodiversity Green house effect & Hydrological cycle
Types of Ecosystem
(1) Natural Ecosystem
(2) Artificial Ecosystem
component of ecosystem
Biotic Components
Abiotic Components
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Functions of Ecosystem
Types of Biodiversity
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecological Biodiversity
Importance of Biodiversity
Hydrological Cycle
Green House Effect
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. PLACENTAThe placenta is a temporary organ that
connects the developing foetus via
the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to allow
nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste
elimination, and gas exchange via the
mother's blood supply; to fight against
internal infection; and to produce hormones
which support pregnancy. The placenta
functions as a fetomaternal organ with two
components: the fetal placenta which -
3. develops from the same blastocyst that forms the
fetus, and the maternal placenta , which develops
from the maternal uterine tissue. The placenta is
expelled from the body upon birth of the fetus.
4. Anatomy
• Circular disc with a diameter of 15-20 cm and
thickness of about 2.5 cm at its center.
• It feels spongy and weight about 500 gm.
• It presents two surfaces, fetal , maternal and
peripheral margin.
5. FETAL SURFACE (Chorionic Plate) :
• Covered by the smooth and glistening amnion with
the umbilical cord attached at or near its center.
• Branches of the umbilical vessels are visible beneath
the amnion.
• The amnion can be peeled off from the underlying
chorion except at the insertion of the cord.
• At term, about four-fifths of the placenta is of fetal
origin.
6. MATERNAL SURFACE :
• Rough and spongy• Dull red colour• A thin greyish,
layer which is the remnant of decidua basalis
(compact and spongy layer).
• Maternal surface mapped out into 15-20 convex
polygonal areas known as lobes or cotyledons which
are limited by fissures.
• Each fissure is occupied by the decidual septum.
• Only the Decidua basalis and Blood in the intervillous
space are of Maternal origin.
7. MARGIN :
• Peripheral margin of the placenta is limited by the
fused basal and chorionic plates.
• Essentially, the chorion and the placenta are one
structure but the placenta is a specialized part of
the chorion.
8. Foetal surface of placenta showing
attachment of the umbilical cord
with ramification of the umbilical
vessels.
Maternal surface of the placenta
showing shaggy look with cotyledons
limited by fissures.
9. STRUCTURES :
• Placenta consist of 2 plates,
i) Chorionic Plate –
• Lies internally, lined by amniotic membrane.
• Umbilical cord is attached to this plate.
• it consists of –
i. Primitive mesenchymal tissue containing
branches of umbilical vessels
ii. A layer of cytotrophoblast and
iii. Syncytiotrophoblast.
10. ii) BASAL PLATE
• It Lies to Maternal aspect.
• It consists of the following structures from outside
inwards.
i. Part of the compact and spongy layer of the
decidua basalis
ii. Nitabuchs layer of fibrinoid degeneration of the
outer syncytiotrophoblast at the junction of the
cytotrophoblastic shell and decidua.
iii. Cytotrophoblastic shell
iv. Syncytiotrophoblast.
11.
12. DEVELOPMENT OF PLACENTA
• Developed from two sources.• The principal
component is fetal which develops from the chorion
frondosum and the maternal component consists of
decidua basalis.
• When the Interstitial implantation is completed on
11th day, the blastocyst is surrounded on all sides by
lacunar spaces.
• Stem villi developed on13th day which connect the
chorionic plate with the basal plate.
13. • Primary, secondary and tertiary villi are successively
developed from the stem villi.
• Arterio-capillary-venous system in the mesenchymal
core of each villus is completed on 21st day.
• Simultaneously, lacunar spaces become confluent
with one another by 3rd – 4th week and form a
multilocular receptacle.
• Chorion frondosum and decidua basalis form the
discrete placenta. It begins at 6th week and is
completed by 12th week.
14. • Until end of 16th week placenta grows both in
thickness and circumference due to the growth of
chorionic villi with accompanying expansion of the
intervillous space.
15.
16. PLACENTAL FUNCTIONS :
The main functions of Placenta are –
• Transfer of nutrients and waste products between
the mother and foetus
• Endocrine Function – Placenta is an endocrine
gland , it produces both steroid and peptide
hormones to maintain pregnancy.
• Barrier Function – The Fetal membrane has long
been considered as the protective barrier to the
foetus against noxious agents circulating in the
maternal blood.
17. • Respiratory Function
Although the fetal respiratory movements are observed
as early as 11 weeks, there is no gaseous exchange.
Intake of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place by
simple diffusion across the fetal membrane.
• Excretory Function
Waste products from the foetus such as urea, uric acid
and creatinine are excreted in the maternal blood by
simple diffusion.
• Nutritive Function
The foetus obtain its nutrients from the Maternal blood
and when the diet is inadequate, then only depletion
of maternal tissue storage occurs.