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Automated blood cell counter by yasin arafat
1. Automated Blood Cell Counter
Yasin Arafat
Lecturer
Dept. of Applied Laboratory Sciences
Bangladesh University of Health Sciences
2. “How can I have possibly come so far,
And still have so far to go ?”
Blood has always fascinated man, being
regarded as the essence of life.
3. Evolution of Automated Cell Counter
Traditional cytometer – manual
Kart Principle – Coulter Counter
A advanced haematology analyzer.
A simple instrument can analyze more parameters of
multiple sample.
8. Automation minimizes or does away with the need for
manual intervention.
Even semi-automation involves steps like the dilution
of blood samples and allows for the measurement of
only fewer variables.
With a fully automated system, all that is required is
an appropriate blood sample.
Errors are a major issue with manual counting. There
are problems with cell recognition such as
distinguishing lymphocytes from monocytes and these
may be overestimated or underestimated.
9. Other sources of error with manual counts pertain to
distribution of cells on the slide and statistical
sampling error. One the other hand, automated cell
counters ensure a high level of precision and accuracy
for cell sizing.
Automated leukocyte differentials significantly reduce
the time and cost of performing routine examinations.
10. State of the Art Hematology Analyzers
Hematology analyzers also come with on-
board storage for thousands of patient reports
and even allow for customization of these
reports with patient identification and color
histogram.
11. Advantages of Automated Hematology Analyzers
Modern automated hematology systems are designed to meet
the needs of high volume laboratories. They can measure
several analytical parameters such as WBC or leukocyte count,
lymphocyte percent and number, mononuclear cell percent and
number, granulocyte percent and number, RBC, hemoglobin
concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume,
hemoglobin concentration, red cell, platelet count, and more.
Incorporating a wide range of parameters on one instrument
minimizes the need to run one sample on several parameters.
No slide distribution error
Many parameters not available from a manual count
More efficient and cost effective than manual method
12. Principles of Automated Cell Counters
Impedance (conductivity) System
(coulter)
Optical System (Light Scattering)
Flow Cytometry
Selective Lysis
Special Stains
15. Leukocyte Differential Count
Extended Differential Count
- Immature Granulocytes
- Nucleated RBCs
Immature Reticulocyte Fraction
Reticulocyte Indices
RBC Distribution Width
Schistocytes (FRBCs)
Platelet Indices
Reticulated Platelets and Immature Platelet
Fraction
16. Clinical Applications of Reticulocyte Parameters
Guidance of iron and EPO therapy in
hemodialysis patients
Diagnosis of iron deficiency in patients with
inflammation or chronic disease
Diagnosis of iron deficiency in early childhood
17. Cell Identification Error in Manual Counting
Mostly associated with distinguishing lymphocytes
from monocytes, bandsfrom segmented forms and
abnormal cells (variant lymphocytes from blast )
Lymphocytes overestimated, monocytes underestimated
Slide Cell Distribution Error
Increased cell concentration along edges and in the
feather edge, also bigger cells found there i.e.
monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils
Statistical Sampling Error
18. WBC Differential Ordered
Automated differential performed
No flags - automated differential is reported
Flags - Slide made, labeled, stained &
reviewed
Review with Microscope
19. Review Rate
Whenever the automated cell counter flags a
specimen, the technologist has to-
Retrieve the tube
Make a slide
Stain the slide
Review the slide
Either release the results from the cell counter or
perform a manual differential
These steps consume time, labor and money !!!
25. The technological evolution as applied to hematology
analyzers has provided new opportunities.
The possibility of determining the fraction of immature
platelets by using a simplified method opens the door to new
applications.
It should be remembered that despite the essential role of
automation in the modern hematology laboratory, microscopic
control of pathologic samples remains indispensible, so much
so that in certain cases, it alone is diagnostic.
Moreover, knowledge of the limits of the specific analyzer in
use is of paramount importance for the correct interpretation of
results.