My academic seminar in 8th semester of BE at GECH.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELGAUM
Technical Seminar
On
“Linux Administration”
By
YOGESH K S
4GH08CS058
Under the guidance of
Mr.Annaiah.,B.E.,M.Tech
Asst.professor
Seminar co-ordinator Head of the Department
Mr.Chethan K.C.,B.E,M.Tech Dr. K.C Ravishankar B.E., M.Tech., Ph.d
Professor & Head,Dept.of
Asst.professor
CS&E, GEC,Hassan

2. Linux Administration

3. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Admin Tasks
3. Installation of Linux
4. Admin Login
5. User and Group management
6. Security
7. Backup & Restore
8. Packages
9. Conclusion

4. Introduction
• Linux is based on Unix
• Administration involves the management of
entire system
• From maintaining user accounts to performing
backups

5. Admin Roles & Tasks
• Install and Upgrade systems
• User management
• Group management
• Security
• Networking
• Backup and Restore
• Communicate with the users
• Managing System Services
• Adding or Removing application packages
and many more..

6. Installation of Linux
Several methods are available some of them are:
• FTP: One of the earliest method used for performing
network installations
• HTTP: Installation is served from a web server.
• NFS: Distribution tree is shared/exported on an NFS server.
• From the Optical or removable media.

7. Admin Login
Two ways-
• Login directly as root • Using su command

8. User management
• Done using either CLI or GUI.
Using CLI: 3 commands are used-
useradd- Creates or adds a new
user
usermod- Modifies the user
account like username, password
etc.,
(options –l, -p, -d,-g,-u )
userdel- Deletes the user. –r
option is used to delete home
directory

9. User management using GUI
Go to the System => Administration
=> Users & Groups.
Click on Add User and the do the
following instructions
Add the user name, full name of the
user, password
Click on OK and the user gets added
to the system.

10. Group management
• Similar kind of users are added to a particular
group.
• 3 commands are used-
groupadd- adds or creates a
group
groupmod- modifies a
group(options –g, -n, -p)
groupdel- deletes a particular
group

11. Networking
• Basic tools used for networking are ping, ftp, telnet
and ssh.
• ping is used in checking
the network.
• ftp is used to transfer files
between hosts.
• telnet is used for remote
login.
• ssh is also used for remote
login and is secure.

12. Communicating with Users
• The admin should
communicate with the users
to intimate about the changes.
• Commands used-
wall- addresses all users
simultaneously who are
currently logged in.
Syntax: wall msg
write-addresses a single user
Syntax: write username [tty] msg

13. Managing System Services
• System services can be managed using either service
command or GUI.
• Using service command:
Start a service-
service service_name start
Stop a service-
service service_name stop
Restart a service
service service_name restart

14. Managing Services Using GUI
Go to the System =>
Administration => Services.
This opens a Service
Configuaration window.
Click on the required Service to
start, stop or restart it.
Give the admin password
whenever prompted and click ok.

15. Security
• Linux is more secure and it is enhanced with its
Firewall and SELinux.
• Firewall: Enable Firewall
Using GUI (System->
Administration-
>Firewall) to activate
the firewall
• Allow standard services
and any specific port
based application
• All other services and
ports are blocked

16. SELinux
• Malicious or broken software can have root-level
access to the entire system by running as a root
process.
• SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) provides
enhanced security.
• SELinux can take one of these three values
enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of
enforcing.
disabled - SELinux is fully disabled

17. SELinux Configuration
• Use GUI (Applications -
>System Settings->
Security Level) to
activate SELinux
• Enable/Disable SELinux
• Allow standard features
in various services
(http,nis,nfs,dns etc.)
• All other services and
features are blocked

18. Backup & Restore
• Backup the user area or configuration file
• Use tar to take backup on a different disk or tape
• Backup can be scheduled using cron
• Backup: tar –zcvf <dev filename> <Directory Tree to be
backedup>
• Restore: tar –zxvf <dev filename> <file to be
recovered>
• Backup should be occasionally checked by restoring it
• Backup Policy: Full Backup every weekly/fortnightly
and incremental backup every day

19. Adding & Removing Packages
• Can be done using source code of the package, binary
rpms or yum utility.
• Using source code-
• This is hard way to install a package.
• Usual steps-
Download the required tar compressed file and extract it.
Run ./configure and make for compiling.
Run make install.
• May run into problems because of shared libraries or
compilation.

20. Using RPM(Redhat Package Manager)
• Be aware of Architecture and type of kernel.
• Syntax: rpm [options] file.rpm(-i=install, -U= upgrade,
-e= erase)
• To install a package: rpm –i pkg.rpm
• To remove a package: rpm –e pkg

21. Using YUM(Yellowdog Updater, Modified)
• Easiest way to install a package.
• No need to worry about architecture and
kernel.
• Resolves dependencies automatically.
• Syntax to install: yum install package-name
• To uninstall any package: yum remove package-
name

22. Conclusion
Conclusion
• Discussed only few essential linux
administration tools.
• Full administration requires an in-depth
knowledge of different components of system.

23. Any Qs?

24. ThanQ You