1.
YasirMalik RegisterationSS-14-62
Growth and Poverty Reduction:Pro-poorgrowth?
What is pro-poor growth? Definition of Pro-Poor Growth:
“growth that leads to significant reductions in (absolute) poverty”
(OECD 2001, and UN 2000) – italics added in brackets.
Too broad for economists since what definition of poverty do
researchers use? Kraay (2004) makes this point in his World Bank
Working Paper No. 3225, “When is Growth Pro-Poor?”
Farm input: The resources that are used in farm production, such as
chemicals, equipment
Non farm: Total no of paid workers
Agri-labour: Temporary and permanent labour for Agri
Public goods: An item whose consumption is not decided by the
individual consumer but by the society as a whole, and which is financed
by taxation
Improved access: Equilibrium of demand and supply
Better management of natural resources:
Taking into account soil, population, climate, vegetation, water--------
Subsistence in food: Farmers grow maximum food to main
requirement of his family and society
Food security: condition on ongoing foods

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Social development : attempts to explain qualitative changes in the
structure and framework of society, that help the society to better realize
its aims and objectives
Environmental : involves making decisions and taking action that are
in the interests of protecting the natural world, with particular emphasis
on preserving the capability of the environment to support human life
An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and
services, compared from one period of time to another. Economic
growth can be measured in nominal terms,
Productivity: an average measure of the efficiency of production.
Agriculture Based Economies and poverty
Identified by:Agriculture provides basis for growth
(i.e. contributes over 30% of GDP)70% of poor live in rural areas
Typical areas:Sub-Saharan Africa: Somalia, Eritrea, Djibouti,
Comoros, and Mauritania Regions within India & Mexico, Pakistan
Intervention focus: Improve smallholder competitiveness
Ensure livelihoods and food security..
Transforming Economies and poverty
Identified by:Agriculture no longer driver of growth (i.e. 7% of GDP)
with rising urban-rural poverty gap 82% of poor live in rural areas
Typical areas: South/East Asia (e.g. China, India)
Middle East and North Africa (e.g. Morocco, Suddan, Arab World)

3.
Intervention focus:Comprehensive approach and multiple pathways
out of poverty to reduce the urban-rural divide shifting to high-value
agriculture,decentralising non-farm economic activities to rural areas..
Urban-Based Economies and poverty
Identified by:Small agriculture sector (i.e. less than 0.5% of GDP) with
high urban poverty 45% of poor live in rural areas
Typical areas: Latin America Central Asia
Intervention focus:Link farmers to modern food markets
Improve quality of agri-business and food industry
Introduce market for environmental services ..
Result (Outcome) Indicators and poverty
1.Support for consumers vulnerable to short-term food price changes
2.Support for farmers vulnerable to short-term food price changes
3.Access to road transportation 4.Access to land 5.Access to water
6.Access to seeds and fertilisers7. Access to improved breeds of
animals/fish 8.Access to extension services9. Access to information on
market10. Availability of credit 11.Investment in rural areas
12.Establishing a rural business13. Preservation of natural resources
14.Sustainable management15. practices Environmental services..