Unit operations

PHARMACEUTICA ENGINEERING4
Unuk-Ist Dcte
flo of uids
Size Recducion
C Siz Separction
Chaph.Lst
uhsjanu which auN
alli o l
(Slud MACMt t8hapl doL uaE chano
iguid MAUuemt ane dformaien in kaps
Liqud 4 Gas au-ids
Hud prelue
K pcsu which apP
-tL-id
Aso kxosn_ HydroAtahc presur
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 1 of 17
Carewell Pharma
SUBSCRIBE us on YOUTUBE
search CAREWELL PHARMA on YouTube
Watch Videos complete Syllabus wise

Preksw -6rcQ
fAHea A
(M
A
xArxg
(Mauo AAgher)P_
IF a diuces ch_u
USLo
MeaA preue diHerenco
yu emaMbuttr
Sinplu
Maunamiu Muomurer
Simpl moMoer Tus at tos TmaMour
which
phee a ay p0iu n_ a tuba ek-
U-tuhe
MaUDmLty
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 2 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Page
Date
u)Dfetal Manomuty Thest a honManomuurt
whith Uud o measu
_phEAAu cluffetn w ony u0 gau
gudh
V-tuh dilfercnhial mamomitr
e
Phf
1
h t 4gh)_
-P Ih.
shaduy16u) luauid fMA Conutauty_
tuabukut foy Not in mfaujt
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 3 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Page
Thute
/
Rynold umblr
u h 2ahoasf
incutiaHoncA which inceaa_Dtlneldu
tHnolds
na.) uiscaus =fcucs_[whith suH)
Re=1uhal -tart
Viscous oI
d
cdunsi -fluid
U velocibspred)
d= duamuley
of_pip
whwul
tqive tha fHe cody 0
ubulet
Re(loto thn-flo U Atady
ubulnk
So palcdictHu matunt
tor -1ui(fles).
alko WLd o
Ledimuntalhm i
Atudy-lh
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 4 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Puge:
Date: /
Rernaulii-neore M
enna
Th otal mechanita enmgy
Hh_movin9- ud tospaising =h
gruitrihional paieuhaleVnug of_elfvahin
astbtlattdwlh -uidpKAA
enug
and Einihc enngy O lud MDhon_
Demains_Canstout.
Eini
eungy P+YPN+Pgh =comatumt
hul,
PpHMMA Exeakd by i fuds
Veloutyof tuHuid
P_denut ef -tu Huid
h he1ghe Of t (Ontainsr
V=_
pu.
8-
L+Bgh= gh
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 5 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Poge
Datec:
/
Som Lnugy loie duing.
-10
riuhona 18 Duing -[Louw
-uid
pip 0 idion_appy
by- wall_of pip
onHuid
and t_opp0A nHi0u 0nd duuing
Aomu DAA
HagunPamdu e
P 32 LuH
BR(fithon Jos
Lngh ofP
Hlouhy o-luid
-D Diamulcr
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 6 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Pag
Date: /
incaA ML
SizL un u anA
PLRAL
Lhaugus_oE Son elbcik duu o wu
Pniugulo oCUK
24
Cowspicha leld whtn wt ductasu iz of
PApelouhy IncKAMR enAy loM
A
AH
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 7 of 17
Carewell Pharma

|Page:
Date:
)titting les hn w bndth
hn
ud h dinechm chang Qud
HOLChnQA o diztthon
_
OAL SOm
10
F
Ratr af i0 s Auid
Oifiu Mtr
Ventuy milu.
)_utat ubeMIU
Rotamuler
Dizect mHhod
V
Oriki_Mttr
Outiu (hah)
The pzinüplu bausd On Burnaulli tuortm
-An fiu utr a duuiu luith wda
ratc-ousApuduelai
hrargh outi plates
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 8 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Date
Couaueriom
eape
A
Dufi
mavomuttr
An-pLdaffeu
Hcmula+ Ho= 2. AH
we, Ha velocu ofuud
Co lonatant
Qrauutohonfo
AH= pHSU dufferenu
So, Conind n LpHeBm ditftexnu)braqh
h Manout wkih ttaad on
PLPA
Pat th yalu of pheiu ditent oM
ufi
mtu
uel0u of fluid
omul0 w
ind aut tu
Usu Usd to mo elocui of u
Advutogu O Sipla to w L COsupicially on langa
3No udto ecalircuhion Azu
Digadautaq O Maeanu poplan PooPoo aracy
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 9 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Venthui meler, Pitot tuk muler Rotamuter
Neutu MelkL
uud to
ratt of fHow Liquid (spud, veloi)in
a pp
inúpl- T basd on thu painipl
of Beunoulli's tmuom.
Vouh utr Cous of two tappud sucion
in tu Ppulin wih a qrodual
Conspichion (tnrdat) at it uhe.
wun-uid u passud hrough entuu mut,
th chang n PusuL had (aH)
aud incas veloty duu to Conspictim
OF veuul mili (AcC. to Bunoulli.)
Oy tis fomula
0y
Cu J29.AH
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 10 of 17
Carewell Pharma

we Can
ensi -fiud ou + vebi of ftuid.
Coustruchion
VENTVRIMETERR
Short tapuud
Secton
ler
ucim T
Oulkt
Stcim
Thoot of
vetui
Upsteam
. Downstam
Long tappued
Suhion
Manome
Tt Consists of tuo tapad Section e insurtd in a
Tt Of
piplin wih (onstrichion ar mutr cet
T upsteum CoL normally sho tan tu
downsteam
T tapurs SMOoth and gradual
manomr is Conneced at poin A 4
Meas Phessn duffeunu
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 11 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Working
firsty ventuy mtl is imeled butween Ppalin
Whun ftuid i pasud hrough vexhui mute
th dotiky OF
-ftuid incHaud ot
thu Hhroaf,du to COMstaicion
Thi Heult in decreaud pRSSL in tn
up-steam CoML o thange in PALsSUL had) .
which
-futu Calculakd trough Manome
Now
UG4g.aH
wwA,
Uv veloihy of fluid thiouh
ventuamukn
V Coefftiieur of-u vextui mr
DH PressL ad difeuntu
NOW, pu valu of H uolich i
MLOsL Manomii) in Mil e
aud find tu veloi of fAud
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 12 of 17
Carewell Pharma

UsuA is (oMmonly uud ou üquid (wa) nd
also for
eitotTub Muher
usd measul -u rar
o Liquid (spud, velocihy)/veloiky huad.
frinúpl
T Measu ta velou at ont poin onlu
T basad on h Priniplu of Beanoulli's
heorem
Wun F insued ino tu Conl ofF pip
velouky of tow i inceased at tha
poin, an chang in Pus hiad.
which fut Colculahed hrough mono muteL
tun pur thiuu nlu in aud ind out
Valu of velocity iad
Vachenl=(vJ2q aH
N
wwL
Var veloa of ftuid (velel had)
Cv tfrient of putok twbu
DH= wmL huad diffeun
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 13 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Cowsuchiom - PITOT TUBE
Deun steam
Vpspearn
2
Manomuer
ilortuba
Hso known insuion muler.
Siz SMal componudto pip
O tulee Ppendicular to tu fow
diection Omd th otu tubL
Conecttd panallel dixcin of fHou
Manomulen. Connected wilh to
MeasA t peisw had diffeunt
Woukua
tirsty insut tu puto tube n PpL.
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 14 of 17
Carewell Pharma

In tvba, veloui of fuid incrtaud du to
Conatrict (narow) o, Hslts dexasu(thanga)
pusu had (o) diffeunta
n
AH uasLd an manomii and Man uis
pu n tu fomula
velou hiad on ra of ftow of uquHhid)
VactCJ2g 8H
vadu Cind Cokculat
Rota Mkr
IF a Voniablu aua nuler,l.t it
MLOmLs t EER ta of flow, so as to
produc a Coan head diferetial.
fou, rotamuters a knoum as aua uers.
Ainap
IF Consists of yetical,tapned and rawspouil
ubl in which plummut i plaud
Dulng t fuid How tvough ub,
t plummu rises and falls bl(ause Of
Vauahon an ftos
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 15 of 17
Carewell Pharma

onstruction ROTA METER
Tt Consiss of veuhical tapexd
tubt, which mouned wilh
narrow end doun.
Tha u Vsvally mad of ETapputd
which a linton Salu
ethud.
A solid plummet s plaud in tu
glass on
-flot
or
plumnet
ub ( diarun smallbu than narrouw
end ttvb)
Plummut/ftoat may b made of
lod, aluminium, qlas and plastic
fLOW
Woking
firsHy Rota mili tdtted n t ppa.
As f1ow upwad tmovgh a appud
fo of thuid Vouies
Th plummt, which Suroundd by th
fluid, riss and falls dpendng on th
ratof fiou
T geatinths fhow rat,tu ghn th
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 16 of 17
Carewell Pharma

ris in +th u.
plummut
T rotamuers, tu ptsu dop is camstaut o
nuanly canya
Th fo May b read using th uppn edgs OF
plumm a an indax (linna Cals)
Th eading may bt tandmid for HeCnding
iktgrating. aud tonttolitng
Usud-ud in chumical Indysies, suth as bulk dwas.
Supply of a s Conbolled tvough rotamuker
t i sutala fo both Gas Liquids
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 17 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Date//
Chapht- UNTT-Tst
S1zE REDUCTION
Fmphe
T tha procAs In
drug bulk_pmic
hrougkh
which w Conveyt
nto Amall
pauhcles AAny impac
Obiechve
nud o Siz tduuhom?
incrtale usfa aALa.
inEa ca ahserpron
Le enng 1
Casan xing
p
MUxing
absaptim in u bady
Mechagm
Tmpaut
Atzitiom
uCombinatm of lmpout Attichien
Cuting
v CompesSIM
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 1 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Puga
Date /
Tmpo Tn thiu d mslecules Lonventeo
AMall pouhicles hrough_anl
impac fmountof drug_cmoin_
yp
Constant
HammY nill
I)£ttichion In thu metmod, Drug muhick callida
And educ tnue
Malttudesto Analu
each cthr
Siz rom lan9
MLulu (pauhcu
weth
e fud enugy mill
mbind Impact ftichm nthu muthod,
pat 2 Aihon
bakh apply imutanbusly.
ea Ball
Mill
(antain
uthing Tn u muthod, wt Hduced lang
ug mletallsuo Amall hrough
Cuthig, at MOAHy
d fo Bet f -fibiaya
Augs
eg Cutteymll
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 2 of 16
Carewell Pharma

v)omphessiom Ih tnu muthod Drug rmelpculls
Copim o
Hduc through
by apblying pts3u On
E u MOkty w-fo hand matudu
KaU Ml
La GUerring Size Reduchom
kidkls law
Rittinger'6 laud
11) Bond'3 lau
The mon w
th
Yeducotha pauthiclkA,
enLAg- will be used to
Mok Amaller
-O0-DDOD
ODDoDDo DO 0000
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 3 of 16
Carewell Pharma

kick's lau
Th enrg
panicle propoiomallo
toth ratio
initial size of a typical dimerxion
final SIze
atquned tduck+nu
size of
OF th
th of na dimensim
whure
(/4)
diamutrof inithal pautiua siz
diamukr of-final paaiclkgize)
E =
Enuoy
dg
K kick Conatan-
dula,= Roho sf chang Azi
)Rithingu's la
Th enngy equied fo sizze
Feduthom of urni matS iproportiomato
th n Surface area produced.
whut,
E Enugy cqutd T/)
K Ritfingu'h Consjant
inihal
d
inal Aze
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 4 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Datc:
nand A lau
Size yeduchon ic
EnLAgyucedfa
propDvtiomol
ath nLw Uuraks lengh
l00
Jda
l00
d
W
whul
E= thu enugy 2quintd (T/rq)
N th Bond Wouk Tndx wonk tqued
eduu a uui wtighE
4,= DiamMuhty fS1e apertune that allou
8O S t ma of t jeed to pa.
Diamultr at Cive apertuu that auu
201 s - ma of th Around
maltual pa
fatta Atfching an Size Reduchom
Haxdness
Mattial Spuhut
SofteningmperatuR
Stickine
Soapines
Cxplosive
Mateaialyielding dusts that aa hamu
heath
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 5 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Date
Hardne It u aurfau popeshy of thL
Maleaial
Th havder thu matoialth mok dithiul
yeduc Sik
Matnalspwhut
alto ofect
Substana'p Apuhu
Hduchon
ha Size process
eg Long panhcle duc throughcutting
0
Smalo haad pauhcles educ through iMpad
Settenig tenbeiatue
Soma melt at m inceosing
reduChm ewaxy_çubfant
Substanu
temb duaing
So,wt USL o 6vtBm fhu-
AlZA
Cookugd oill eitur by a watr
oy passig
uk
jacket aspcam Q through
the uúpmut.
Sthickine
A sticky maltial iM und to clsq th
Cquipmant and _Anould
plaun
hat Can lo
qunding
ground 10 a
-therefore
Cleonid easil
Soapmneu hu i mLaAutof t coefiicien-
fichon Surfau thu
Cofficievt
6 pichonu l6w,
mt dufficult.
mattial Sf
th Chushing may be
Explocl Such matuialmust be Qrond wer o
in th prtAin o aninuE_atmosphutk
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 6 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Date /
HammerMll+ uU wich udto kduca
panhcusiz hivgh poe
Cospeehim-
Mopptr
Pcput wall
Hammur
ellu shaft
Recieve
Principle
Conpu hon
WoAking
Us
Atvoutages
Disaduautagu
Pzinupu pinupl of Hmmur ul
baed on Thpac
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 7 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Date
Wouing
tirsHy buly drug
un,thraugn wuart o
falin
Maleual Ahou n Hepp
doum
Stant
wu Ataat iut h
And By uipac
MaL Wln and Hammu
bdupohcA
pauhicles Žtaskd
mduco
Ahd peduc hon, pauncles toud in
Leive ragh
Andtho pauhcle which_dos nat 2educ
SCeen
Ogan reltd in yvul. ead
Vsed to educ panhcles siz.
Advantaqs
UsLfulfo BLg paahles
Uuful-o haid.bugh pashidle
fasF n
Usudto duce inve4 Anall paulèl
haqh Seen
Disadvauagui
Somd_podut (Naisy)
VeyHeat produto
Con us fbrau Mateaia
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 8 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Date
Ba u Vud-b cdu gaiclk iz -nugn
iniplu Cowbinahm of Tpou Athinon
Conspuchm
Matuia
Rall (stainlass Atal)
Sand
ASodepnd) on Spud
lou X
TOOOOOO
ot X
O
edium
woPivg
Opun h
h dug malecauusRuto
Cap oF box aud eaw.
sfan mahinl, ano
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 9 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Date
t spud of nil
Mdim
adjuut
Apud, A w
suE andL
educe pauidea
Aftenteduchom,Stop themAckin thin
LxisE Aut YMaleial
And sLpanate ou th
Panhickl
ml m
F is used
houghinpau attihon
eduupaaicle sz
Adaurgy witout naise
Neat_and CLRaM
Lypu opanides aduc easil
Dsadvautagu
Caxt 2tduces fibous Mateual
NoF 2ducu in yely big amom
pauhicdk
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 10 of 16
Carewell Pharma

ate:
Huid Enngy Mul
Principle
Ttwouks onth pzinupk of fttitim
and Tmpau
Conshuctiam
o Suen(cuivt)
PLp
Hopp LeceivenL
fuhide
OOo'oo o
fir inle
Comuus
ak alosp a pip whih
has a diamter &
-200 nm depending
On th
ma
Derau heught e th loap whuh
b upto about
n
MIL
Happ fo inlel o paide
wmh haue educ and
we
fo
nte
And
a 0 any
enut Qa fuid)
0utle frm Lalhu wt (2Cche)
ducedpouhdlA
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 11 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Date
Wonking
firsty
firstySolid paahiclu (Drug muhila whith w howto
Yeduced) inhnduced into pip hrough Hoppir
un clou t
Thun, 1uboducod in Lp through
let 1with
Dueto
and
ery hgh pkessu
hgh deqvee ofurbulenRIMpat
odtitionforces ocCUK blw thu pauhicks
panhdesSukda be
Tun t il Rceivtd in 2eiue agh
and Amaller
pas hrough Aceen
The ml i
material tofin
Th mll i
USRd to qrind heatSensuhvt
POwdur
uRd grind thos drug in
which high cuq degree of Pt iSIeqLUEd
Ewil tduces t patide to to omicon.
Advantage
Th mil usedto qrio h makrial to
i pouwder
Th pubila Siz fpduder Can be
Th
(Omballed dul
classifier
Contaminahion
fth product
isuseful torgrinding hea sensuhe substanro
Suth a Sulphananidas vitamina and atibiotic
Thwe
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 12 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Date
/
DisadvanlagA
Hgh enLAgy CoNSumphon
Genrahom Of AmonphouS Comtev du to high
energy mpauE
Fdg unnur Mil
Pinupua
OF
wOekron h pinipla
CYushing Lcomprtssiom)
Conshuwtiom
Matua
Iaiu
(onAuE f a Jwo heavy ghE
ralpr whih reled withtu uu
Bhaft
ro-Ulur MON bad uhidh iu
Madu sf
heu Ralurno
0 grAMilr
hadoned wth
Buppoao it
AtmL
And
boA wuth qieA
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 13 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Date:
laaking
Pauhidea (maltial pu on t bad, bl ralur
Coilh h lp o Acrappu
Aautd Jo b rallud
aluo bad Fevolw at Sam im
wth qrtaten speed thAn
panhitleswl b Ahaned or
Tn, t ollc
and
Bad
rollr So
Cuhud h rouglh rallr
Thun Pawdu
hraugh
UCaUodcd ud Lpanaked
Thu mill u_uud to qrindtough
maltrial to
Thu mill
ve in pauhicdes
uSLd on plant batud producta
Advawrage
He don't nud to givt attnhon duing
Disodvautaqu
Contaminahon of othuL malCualu
Nat usLfon
MOAL Apa nan btuL mll_
Aticky maleua
(onsunuhg Enuo coumphm
high
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 14 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Dute
End Runn
ull
Principlu
wok6 tw piniplu of impac
Consteuction Pestle
Stos
Stationay4
END
RUNNER
MILL
moto
Gn raahing pesti
fndth aML alo SaLAtmt prnt
insid h Motor
LWorkia
isHypu dug pauhdles un Atahiomay
MOtor which ha o educdd
Atau m ul AndPestl
Jhin
fallin
t Ctat inpauE m dugs which
in motoy
doun Aahonay moto
And
pHCont
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 15 of 16
Carewell Pharma

Page
Date /
Thun
Amltdto rotat.on rotahng
aukd Crushing (Lattihon)
thiovgh impaut and_atbibiom panlscles
Aauttd
Att fduction Colleck h
be Bmallu
pin powd
Ucudo cduc_ dngs matuial ntd
veLy in pachicleLpouwdu)
AHdvautagu
tasyto handle.
No mart hRaF_produt
Le eltciciti
Disadvawtoqus
Not uLLd-fe
Not utdo
Stidty mattaia
blg paahiclRa.
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 16 of 16
Carewell Pharma

3
O0
o
o
O
boo
O
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 1 of 17
Carewell Pharma

as
3
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 2 of 17
Carewell Pharma

V
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 3 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 4 of 17
Carewell Pharma

3
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 5 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 6 of 17
Carewell Pharma

3
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 7 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 8 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 9 of 17
Carewell Pharma

E
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 10 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 11 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 12 of 17
Carewell Pharma

T
3
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 13 of 17
Carewell Pharma

A
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 14 of 17
Carewell Pharma

.
C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 15 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 16 of 17
Carewell Pharma

C
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
P
h
a
r
m
a
Page 17 of 17
Carewell Pharma

Unit operations

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Unit operations

Similar to Unit operations (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Unit operations