3. Language is simply a mean of communication that it can be divided
into three types “written, oral and non-verbal
communication”(Mallett,2005:4)
Non verbal communication is simply to express things without words. That
is, to use non-linguistic means to express certain idea, thought or emotion
that associate with specific context .
Colors,obivosly is a way to convey meaning and communicate ideas
wordlessly.
6. Color Meaning
Color “meaning” is mostly interpreted with citations from language, in
the form of recognized phrases such as ‘red with anger’, Such phrases
are evidences of their authority and appropriateness as examples of
figurative or symbolic meanings. There is a strong connection between
the figurative and symbolic meanings ascribed to colors, and the use of
color words in the language. In fact, the use of color words adds to a
great extent, to the effectiveness of the notions expressed by language.
7. Color Lexemes
Color lexemes are found to vary from language to language.
English has eleven basic color lexemes: white, black, red, green,
yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange and gray.
Navaho has a single lexeme for both brown and gray, but it has
two terms for black: the black of darkness and the black of such
objects as goal.
Two kinds of blue are found in Russian and Hungarian has two
terms for red.
There is a single term for green, blue depending on context
(e.g. vegetables, sea, clouds) in Japan.
Only four basic color terms, black, white, red and green are
available in Hanunoo.
8. Colors are very meaningful that can be used everywhere to collocate with a
particular situation. As they are the first thing to see in the morning, they easily
control our mood and emotions.
Historically, colors were a subject of consideration for a very long time. The first to
be probably considered were earth pigments which were extracted from hard
rocks and then used to paint surfaces .
9. Each culture has its own set of color terms. However, that color terms can not be
interpreted apart from the cognitive environment in which the color takes place. In
real life, colors, of course, are not used arbitrarily. They are related to mental and
emotional states and can deeply affect them (Yul, 2014).
According to previous claims, poetry is the production of real life. It is reasonable to
assume that colors in poetry are not used arbitrary and obviously used to convey a
meaning
non linguistically expressing real life situations.
In Milton’s Paradise Lost, the phrase 'Black fire' is used to evoke the negative
meaning of hell. However, the description of fire as black creates a paradox since fire
is usually related to light. To deal with this issue, it is assumed that "indirectly black
color connects with the concept of hell.
10. Most languages seem to have the treasure of typical expressions
including idioms associated with color terms.
These expressions have connotations which create strong effect as
intended by speakers.
In English, white coffee and black coffee are not white and black.
White and black appear to indicate polarity and they are not
supposed to offer an accurate indication of color.
11. Colors in the Holly Quran
The yellow color
The first color mentioned in the Quran is yellow and it’s mentioned in
different verses.
1-To bring happiness to those who have seen this color in animals.
2- corruption and destruction if it’s in the wind.
13. The Basics Of Color Theory
Color theory is one of the basic philosophies every artist can benefit
from in developing their skills.
Color theory helps you understand color mixing, how to choose
appealing color.
14. Primary Colors
All other colors can be created by mixing these in different ways.
•red
•blue
•Yellow
Note: mixing all three will create brown.
15. Secondary Colors
Created by mixing primary colors.
•purple (red+blue)
•green (blue+yellow)
•orange (yellow+red)
16. Tertiary Colors
Created by mixing a primary and a secondary color.
•red-orange
•red-purple
•blue-purple
•blue-green
•yellow-green
•yellow-orange
18. Saturation
Saturation refers to the intensity or purity of a hue.
•High saturation means the color looks really bright
•Desaturation means the color looks washed out or greyed out
19. Value
Value refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of a hue.
•A value scale represents a wide range of values
20. Shade
A shade is a hue produced by adding black.
•Here you have a variety of shades of red, made by mixing red with
increasing amounts of black.
21. Tint
A tint is a hue produced by adding white.
•Now you have a variety of red tints created by mixing red with increasing
amounts of white.
23. Colors meaning in different cultures
Colors carry deep meanings with them in every
culture.
Symbolism of colors often stems from
Religious.
Spiritual.
Social.
Historical events.
24. Love and passion ( North ,South America ,Europe).
Fear,wealth,purity,love,marriage,beauty.( Indian
culture).
Luck and fertility .(China ).
Death and grief .(African cultures).
25. North America (trust and serenity) & ( depression and
loneliness).
China (femininity ).
Asia ,Middle east ,Hindus ( immortality ).
Ukraine ( healing).
Greece, Albania ,Turkey (repel evil).
26. Luck ,prosperity ,renewal and jealousy.(U.S , Ireland ).
Wealth (U.S)
Freedom and independence (Mexico )
The most valuable color "Prophet Muhammad” ,respect
(Islamic culture).
Eternity ,infidelity ,luck, wealth and fertility (Eastern cultures).
Eternity and vitality (Japan ).
27. Jealousy ,betrayal and weakness( France ,Germany
).
Happiness ,warmth and hope ( North America ).
Mourning and the afterlife (Egyptian ).
33. Human being is a social ,sociability is his natural instinct, he doesn’t live
alone in society ,from birth till death, he is surrounded by a number of
people.
34. One of the common domains that all languages and cultures may share
is the domain of kinship. Thus, various studies have been adopted by
anthropologists, linguists in order to explore the lexemes people may
use to address, describe or refer to their relatives.
Most languages if not all may share certain common basic KTs, such as
father, mother, brother, and sister but societies may have different
kinship systems.
35. Ferraro and Andreatta (2010) affirmed that kinship
system in each culture is at the heart of the social
structure that helps regulate marriage relations,
inheritance, social status and residence.
36. Kinship System
Kinship is considered a major core in different fields, including
anthropology, sociology because it elucidates the social relations
among people.
Anthropologists generally claim that KTs consist of three different
basic relations that are named :
Descent (vertical kin links between different generations).
Siblingship (kin links between brothers and sisters).
Affinity (kin relation by and through marriage) (Parkin, 1997)
37. According to Schusky (1965) explained that the study of kinship is
important for anthropologists in different social.
First: Most theories on human behavior can be studied through
kinship systems.
Second : The study of kinship allows anthropologists to explain the
behavior of people and how they can recognize their kinship
system.
Third: One cannot understand how people view the world or part of
it without analyzing the meaning of KTs .
38. Recent anthropological and linguistic studies have added another type
of kinship, particularly in Islamic and Arab societies, that is, ( Milk
kinship ) (Clarke, 2009; El-Guindi, 2012).
39. According to Schusky (1965), the basic element that is responsible for organizing
kinship systems in any society is based on the “nuclear family”, or the relationship
between the parents of such a family and their children. Thus, the study of kinship
system requires the investigation of the relationship of a particular individual,
whether male or female is conventionally nominated as Ego, with other members of
the society. female person from whom the series of relationships are
established and seen.
40. Morgan (1871) affirmed that the systems of kinship are mainly built
on the nuclear family and without it kinship terminologies could not
be formulated or understood.
41. Some of the predicate relations in all kinship systems can be
described with four primitive features:
Parent.
Offspring.
Sibling. ( brother & sister)
Spouse.( husband and wife )
42. In English
Grandmother names the mother of one’s mother and the mother of one’s
father.
Grandfather is similarly the father of either parent.
43. The Arab system of kinship
Descent or blood kinship .
Marriage kinships .
Milk or breastfeeding kinship .
Fictive or metaphorical kinship.
This classification is based on Quranic verses which affirm this
fact .
44. Languages of East Asia have another
feature in their kinship systems, using
terms that distinguish older and younger
siblings. Mandarin Chinese has
ge (one’s own) older brother.
dì (younger brother).
jie (older sister).
mèi (younger sister).
45. Japanese has two lexemes for every relationship.
one used in talking about (one’s own kin and somebody else’s
relatives).
chichi can be used only for one’s own father.
o-toosan for someone else’s father.
wife tsuma, kanai okusan
Husband shujin go-shujin
mother haha o-kaasan
father chichi o-toosan
older sister ane o-nee-san
older brother ani o-nii-san
younger sister imooto imooto-san
